scholarly journals From the Margins to the Core of Haute Couture: The Entrepreneurial Journey of Coco Chanel

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Gino Cattani ◽  
Mariachiara Colucci ◽  
Simone Ferriani
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multilevel Perspective ◽  
Micro Level

We trace the history of Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel’s entrepreneurial journey as a fashion designer from her early years as an outsider (early 1900s) to her rise to success and consecration as an icon within the French haute couture field (early 1930s)—a field controlled by powerful insiders. Our study sheds light on the social forces and historical circumstances underlying an outsider’s journey from the margins of an established field to its core. Drawing on unique historical material, we develop a novel process view that highlights the shifting influence of forces operating at different levels in the accumulation, deployment, and conversion of various forms of capital (i.e., human, social, economic, and symbolic) that outsiders need to promote their ideas. In particular, our multilevel perspective accounts simultaneously for the individual’s efforts to push forward these ideas (micro-level), as well as the audience dynamics (meso-level) and exogenous forces (macro-level) that shape their recognition. Chanel’s historical case analysis also affords a window into one of the first female entrepreneurs with global impact in business history, with the added challenge of establishing herself in what at the time was a male-dominated and mature field.

The Social Embeddedness of Marketing

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
Stefan Schwarzkopf
Keyword(s):  
Historical Case ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Cultural Intermediaries ◽  
New Consumer

In both premodern and modern capitalist societies, marketing emerged as a key driver behind consumption patterns and as a facilitator of new consumer goods and services. This chapter uses historical case studies to highlight how marketing and consumption practices co-developed over time and in response to socioeconomic and technological changes. The historical evidence shows that marketing activities have never followed a narrow economic and utilitarian calculus; instead, they have always existed within and helped to maintain a wide range of relations between businesses, consumers, cultural intermediaries, and lawmakers. A key tension that runs through the history of marketing and consumption is the coexistence of efforts to control consumer behavior and attempts to provide consumers with the space needed to create entirely new kinds of consumption experiences.

Contraception and the Working Classes: The Social Ideology of the English Birth Control Movement in its Early Years

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Social Ideology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Birth Control Movement ◽  
History Of

A host of social movements which had as their goal the improvement of the living conditions of the working classes emerged in England in the 1820s and 1830s. Owenism and Chartism come first to mind, but historians have recently acknowledged the social significance of a number of less well-known groups that proclaimed the benefits of temperance or mechanics' institutes or phrenology or infidel missions. The birth control movement in its early years has as yet received little attention from the historians of the English working classes. A possible reason is that the opposition of the 'pauper press' to the movement has led later observers to adopt the view that it was simply a middle-class Malthusian crusade which set out to convince the poor that the only escape from poverty lay in individual self-help. In what follows I shall sketch out the general lines of argument advanced by the advocates of birth control and their antagonists in the working-class movement. The purpose of the paper is not to provide yet another history of the first neo-Malthusians, but to use the arguments their activities elicited to gain a better understanding of nineteenth-century working-class culture.

scholarly journals Compressed Air Technology in Swedish Archaeology: An Example of the Social Construction of Technology in Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Åsa Gillberg ◽  
Ola W. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Case Study ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

In this paper the authors problematize the relation between technological and social aspects of archaeological fieldwork through a historical case study of the introduction and use of compressed air technology in archaeology. They do this by incorporating aspects of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Actor Network Theory (ANT) into the history of archaeology. Apart from archive material, fieldwork reports and interviews with colleagues have been the primary sources. The study shows how technology is negotiated and renegotiated, and how the technical and the social form each other. Finally, the authors draw attention to issues of technological development in the present.

The Neighborhood Outfit

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Corsino
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Italian American ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
New Recruits

From the slot machine trust of the early 1900s to the prolific Prohibition era bootleggers allied with Al Capone, and for decades beyond, organized crime in Chicago Heights, Illinois, represented a vital component of the Chicago Outfit. This book taps interviews, archives, government documents, and the author's own family history to tell the story of the Chicago Heights “boys” and their place in the city's Italian American community in the twentieth century. Debunking the popular idea of organized crime as a uniquely Italian enterprise, the book delves into the social and cultural forces that that created a vibrant Italian enclave while simultaneously contributing to illicit activities so pervasive the city's name became synonymous with vice. As it shows, discrimination blocked opportunities for Italians' social mobility. The close-knit Italian communities that arose in response to such limits produced a rich supply of social capital Italians used to pursue alternative routes to success that ranged from grocery stores and union organizing to, on occasion, crime. In particular the book offers invaluable insights into the ways established Outfit figures brought in new recruits and how social forces worked to guarantee a pool of potential soldiers. The book throws light on a little-known corner of the history of Chicagoland organized crime.

1. All about us

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Context Shape

Social psychology is all about the ‘social universe’ and the people who populate our everyday lives. It’s the study of how society, culture, and context shape attitudes, behaviour, and beliefs. It’s how we figure out who we are, and how who we are is intimately linked to our relationships with others. ‘All about us’ outlines the history of the how the discipline came to be from the early years in the late 19th century with the work of Gustav LeBon and Norman Triplett, through the two world wars that provided inspiration for many studies that shaped social psychology, to the concept of social cognition, and how this is affected and impacted by social context.

scholarly journals The Social History of a Genre

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Orsini
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
North India ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epochal Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Material Form

Tales are ubiquitous in the literary culture of pre-modern North India, as elsewhere, and they come in all shapes, languages and inflections. For this reason, tracking them allows us to travel into and across most of the milieux of this multilingual literary culture. But precisely because of their ubiquity, when we move from the micro level of individual texts to the macro level of literary culture and historical processes, it becomes difficult to say anything more than ‘they were there, they circulated, they usually retold the same stories in new ways or mixed familiar elements to produce new narratives’. Yet if we pay precise attention to their articulation and re-articulation of cultural and social imaginaries, the particular linguistic textures and aesthetic emphasis, material form and evidence of patronage, the shifting extent of circulation and popularity, we can use the longuedurée history of the katha genre to illuminate the historical dynamics of cultural and aesthetic change in the region in ways that intersect, connect and question macro-historical narratives of dynastic and epochal change.

scholarly journals Stigma, Trauma and the Social Forces Shaping Memory Transmission in Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
State Violence ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Left ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Political Right

Since the return to democratic rule in Argentina in 1983, competing claims about how the period of political and state violence of the 1970s and 1980s might be collectively remembered by the nation have caused deep political and societal divisions. This paper explores the personal memories of Argentine women from two ideologically-opposed groups—those on the political Left affected by military repression during the 1976-1983 military dictatorship and those on the political Right affected by the armed guerrilla violence predominantly in the years leading up to the 1976 military coup. In contemporary Argentina, the memories of enduring personal trauma which both groups of women carry are commonly perceived as unable to co-exist in a shared mnemonic space – as if remembering one history of violence is seen as an attempt to forget or violate the other history of violence and trauma.

Common and uncommon ground: Social and structural factors in codeswitching

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Myers-Scotton
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
Micro Level

ABSTRACTThe social forces affecting theperformanceof codeswitching (CS) may be distinguished from those factors controlling its basic structure, with which they interact. The constraints onpossiblepatterns in CS are largely under innately based controls. These constraints are presented here in a model of intrasentential CS, and their validity is tested against findings of CS practices in a number of communities; all options can be accounted for under the model. Thus the options for CS structures seem universally set; but community-specific or group-specific social forces may determine which permissible patterns arepreferred. In addition, micro-level, discourse-based factors may prompt individuals to produce certain CS structures. A second model of the social motivations for CS helps explain both the macro- and micro-level preferences. (Bilingualism, codeswitching, language contact, socio-pragmatics)

‘The televising of science is a process of television’: establishing Horizon, 1962–1967

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY BOON
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
The Public ◽  
Television Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Television Programme ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Of Science ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Key Participants

AbstractBBC Television's Horizon series, fifty years old on 2 May 2014, despite its significance to the history of the public culture of science, has been little studied. This microhistorical account follows the gestation and early years of the programme, demonstrating how it established a social and cultural account of science. This was a result of televisual factors, notably the determination to follow the format of the successful arts television programme Monitor. It illuminates how the processes of television production, with a handful of key participants – Aubrey Singer, Gerald Leach, Philip Daly, Gordon Rattray Taylor, Ramsay Short, Michael Peacock and Robert Reid – established the format of the programme. This occurred over seventeen months of prior preparation followed by three troubled years of seeking to establish a stable form. This was finally achieved in 1967 when the programme adopted a film documentary approach after extended attempts at making it as a studio-based magazine programme. The story has implications for understanding the social accounts of science that were circulating in the key decade of the 1960s.

scholarly journals Lina Bo Bardi: Evolution of Cultural Displacement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smilja Milovanovic-Bertram ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Displacement ◽  
History Of

In recent years much has been written and exhibited regarding Lina Bo Bardi, the Italian/Brazilian architect (1914-1992). This paper aims to look at the phenomenon of cultural displacement and the dissemination of her design thinking as a major female figure in a male dominated profession. This investigation is distinguished from others in that it addresses the importance of regional and cultural influences that formed Lina’s design philosophy in her early years in Italy. Cultural displacement has long played a significant role in the creative process for artists. Often major innovators in literature are immigrants as elements of strangeness, distance, and alienation all contribute to their creativity. The premise is that critical distance is paramount for reflection as a change of context unfolds unforeseen possibilities. Displacement was a consistent element throughout the trajectory of Lina’s architectural career as she moved from Rome to Milan, from Milan to Sao Paolo from Sao Paolo to Bahia and back to Sao Paolo. Viewing this form of detachment and dislocation permits insight into her career and body of work as displacement mediates the paradoxical relationship between time and space. The paper will examine three distinct periods in her career. The first period is set in Rome, where she assimilated the city, showed artistic aptitude and spent her university years studying under Piacentiniand Giovannoni. The second period is set in Milan, where she developed impressive editorial and layout skills in publications work with Gio Ponti and BrunoZevi. and was influenced by Antonio Gramsci’s writings. The third is set in Brazil, where she builds and evolves as an architect via what she absorbed in Rome, wrote in Milan, and finally realized in Brazil. After Italy’s collapse in WWII Lina writes, draws, edits, critiques the plight of the Italians in need of better housing and circumstances. She leaves Milan with her new husband, PM Bardi (a prominent journalist, art critic) for Brazil. In Sao Paolo she absorbs the optimism and positive direction of Brazil. Her early design work in Brazil echoes European modernism, but when she travels to Bahia and becomes aware of the social conditions, she draws from her Italian experiences of and ideas of transforming lives through craft. Her architectural projects become directly responsive to the culture of Bahia and the politics of poverty. Lina’s design thinking evolves and parallels George Kubler’s study, The Shape of Time, and the history of man-made objects by bridging the divide between art and material culture.

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