1. All about us

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Context Shape

Social psychology is all about the ‘social universe’ and the people who populate our everyday lives. It’s the study of how society, culture, and context shape attitudes, behaviour, and beliefs. It’s how we figure out who we are, and how who we are is intimately linked to our relationships with others. ‘All about us’ outlines the history of the how the discipline came to be from the early years in the late 19th century with the work of Gustav LeBon and Norman Triplett, through the two world wars that provided inspiration for many studies that shaped social psychology, to the concept of social cognition, and how this is affected and impacted by social context.

Illustrating a revolution: an unrecognized contribution to the ‘golden era’ of cerebral localization

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Millett
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Growth Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebral Localization ◽  
Cerebral Physiology ◽  
The Brain

The late 19th century witnessed a remarkable growth of knowledge concerning the functions of the brain. The excitability of the cerebral cortex was first reported by Gustav Fritsch (1838–1927) and Eduard Hitzig (1838–1907) in 1870, followed by the classical investigation of cerebral localization by David Ferrier (1843–1928). Ferrier's identification of cerebral motor 'centres' based on a series of cortical stimulations and ablations was central to the physiological and clinical achievements of cerebral localization in the late 19th century. Cerebral illustrations were an important component of Ferrier's physiological research, synthesizing a great deal of experimental data and suggesting precise locations and boundaries of sensory and motor areas. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to the construction of cerebral maps and their role in establishing the utility and veracity of the doctrine of cerebral localization. Two illustrations of the macaque brain based on Ferrier's experimental work were particularly influential. These and other important illustrations accompanied Ferrier's manuscript, 'The localisation of functions in the brain', submitted to the Royal Society in early 1874, but were not produced by Ferrier himself. Rather, they were sketched by E. A. Waterlow (1850–1919), a young painter and acquaintance of Ferrier's who—undoubtedly under Ferrier's guidance—synthesized the experimental data of more than a dozen experiments in these diagrams. Unfortunately, during the contentious review, abstraction and fragmentation of Ferrier's manuscript, Waterlow's monogrammed insignia was omitted from reproductions of his sketches and Ferrier's acknowledgement to him was not published in subsequent works. While circumstantial evidence suggests that Waterlow may have requested that these identifiers be withheld, and while Waterlow has never been recognized for his illustrations of cerebral localization, both the artist and his sketches soon achieved prominence. Waterlow's diagrams were reproduced in Ferrier's widely influential monograph, The Functions of the Brain (1876), where the cerebral centres of Waterlow's macaque brain were directly transposed onto Ecker's diagram of the human brain. These diagrams were reprinted during the late 1870s and 1880s in many textbooks and reviews of cerebral physiology, and provided an important guide to the localization of brain lesions during the early years of neurosurgery. This paper recounts Waterlow's contribution to the history of clinical neurology and physiology, and his independent success as a landscape painter.

Frédéric Le Play and 19th-century vision machines

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Freemantle
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Historical Moment

An early proponent of the social sciences, Frédéric Le Play, was the occupant of senior positions within the French state in the mid- to late 19th century. He was writing at a time when science was ascending. There was for him no doubt that scientific observation, correctly applied, would allow him unmediated access to the truth. It is significant that Le Play was the organizer of a number of universal expositions because these expositions were used as vehicles to demonstrate the ascendant position of western civilization. The fabrication of linear time is a history of progress requiring a vision of history analogous to the view offered the spectator at a diorama. Le Play employed the design principles and spirit of the diorama in his formulations for the social sciences, and L’Exposition Universelle of 1867 used the technology wherever it could. Both the gaze of the spectators and the objects viewed are part and products of the same particular and unique historical formation. Ideas of perception cannot be separated out from the conditions that make them possible. Vision and its effects are inseparable from the observing subject who is both a product of a particular historical moment and the site of certain practices.

All Margin

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Grace E. Lavery
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Social Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aesthetic Thinking

This chapter follows Michel Foucault's distinction between a “history of ideas” and a “history of thought.” It treats the aestheticism of the late 19th century as representing the social form of aesthetics itself. Here, the chapter argues that it was through the embodied and socially embedded practices of cultivating beauty that the exquisite limits of aesthetic thinking were formulated as a historical problematic. By this, the chapter contends that while British aestheticism's engagement with Japan plugged into the hole of Kantian subjective universal, by supplying a set of objects immediately, absolutely, and universally legible as beautiful, it also brought painfully close to home the narcissistic threat of the Other Empire. Thus, one essential element of the idea of Japan for Victorians was that, by the paradoxical virtue of being extremely far away, it could flesh out and formalize relations that were ruinously close.

scholarly journals Changing Social Focussing in the Development of Jazz Music

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hay ◽  
J David Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social System ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
External Information ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Jazz Music ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
American Society

This paper traces the development of jazz musical styles by relating those styles to the organization of jazz musicians and the social context of American society. The authors use a theory developed by Flynn and Hay (2012) derived from chaos and complexity science. The Flynn/Hay theory states that social focussing (chaos, complexity or order: SF) is directly proportional to internal structure (differentiation: D) and inversely related to external information (centrality: C). In mathematical terms: SF = D/C.The authors of this paper describe the social focussing of jazz styles in terms of being chaotic, complex or ordered. They then relate the styles of social focussing to the differentiation of the social system of jazz musicians, and the centrality inputs from the surrounding American society. Their results demonstrating that the style of jazz at each period from the late 19th century to the present era, is dependent upon the ratio of d/c.They conclude that the same analysis could be applied to subsystems of the jazz system, including the development of jazz styles in different geographic regions, as well as within each band and even over the career of each musician, in a kind of fractal effect, where the shape of social focussing is the same at each level.  

scholarly journals Politik Demokrasi: Membangun Solidaritas dan Sinergi Di Tengah Pendemi Covid-19

Forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Stepanus Angga
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Rational Discourse ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

My focus in this paper is on the politics of democracy and how to build solidarity and synergy in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. Because it is a political task to handle any difficult situation, including this pandemic. The methodology of this paper begins with a little understanding of the outbreak of a virus which is the great enemy of mankind with its deadly historicity in the history of human civilization. In the next part, the author enters the realm of our politics during this pandemic. Politics that emphasizes the people, of course, begins with a rational discourse and is able to understand the social context. This difficult situation also invites people to have the same feeling, namely the sense of crisis. This feeling invites people to build and encourage each other. From this methodology, I propose two important ideas, namely first to always pay attention to civil society to its fullest and second, our government must build synergy and internal government coordination that runs well.

scholarly journals Critical Discourse Analysis of Additional Information in Skincare Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Burhanudin Rais ◽  
Suhardi Suhardi ◽  
Rr.Putri Intan Permata Sari
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

Research that analyses critically on claims and additional information on a skincare product is a research that bring the novelty in critical discourse analysis, because the previous study focused on the advertisement or the packaging. Although most skincare products apply this method (using claims and additional information), researchers focus on one of the branded skincare products; Pond’s. The main reason is; this product is already widely known and used by the people in Indonesia. Trough critical discourse analysis model from van Dijk, the researchers discuss three dimensions (text, social cognition and social context) in claims and additional information in some products from Pond’s. There are seven Pond’s products as the data in this study. Besides, researchers used additional data in the form of a survey to five skincare products users. The results of the analysis are; (1) on the text dimension, the general aim is to attract the consumers to choose Pond’s as their skincare products. (2) In social cognition, company show marketing techniques that try to obscure the facts in additional information by using small and separated text. (3) In the social context, the influence of consumers who are easily attracted to a product because of the interesting slogan text makes Pond’s use the hyperbole language

scholarly journals Sociální psychologie: teorie, metody, aplikace (recenze)

E-psychologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Petr Novák ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Social

The evolution of social psychology, with origins emerging from the late 19th century and its’ wide area of impact, caused an accumulation of a significant amount of various theories and findings. The aim of experienced editors together with a numerous team of authors was to “in one publication, describe the social psychology as one unit composed of fundamental topics necessary for the understanding of what social psychology truly is” (p. 18). In sixty methodically and structurally ordered chapters, which are divided into three relatively independent sections, we are presented with either theoretical background (section A), methodological take (section B), or strictly practical application (section C) of social psychology topics.

scholarly journals MUHAMMAD ‘ABDUH’S REFORMISM: THE MODES OF ITS DISSEMINATION IN PRE-INDEPENDENT MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Hafiz Zakariya
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
The Social ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions

Muhammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905) was a prominent scholar, pedagogue, mufti ‘alim, theologian and reformer. Though trained in traditional Islamic knowledge, ‘Abduh, who was influenced by the ideas of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, became discontent with the existing methods of traditional Islamic learning. Based in Egypt, ‘Abduh led the late 19th-century Muslim reform to revitalize some aspects of Islamic doctrine and practice to make them compatible with the modern world. This reformist trend called for the reform of intellectual stagnation, revitalization of the socio-economic and political conditions of the ummah, and to make Islam compatible with modernity. ‘Abduh’s progressive reformism found following in various parts of the Muslim world including the Malay Archipelago. Among those influenced by ‘Abduh in the region were Sheikh Tahir Jalaluddin and Abdullah Ahmad in West Sumatra, Syed Sheikh al-Hadi in Malaya, and Kiyai Ahmad Dahlan in Yogyakarta. Though there is increasing literature on Muslim reformism, few works examine the social history of the transmission of ideas from one part of the Muslim world to another. Thus, this study analyzes how ‘Abduh’s reformism was transmitted to pre-independent Malaysia.

scholarly journals Nasionalisme Kebangsaan Sebagai Spirit Perjuangan Tokoh Pejuang di Lombok Timur 1945-1949

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasyad ◽  
Badarudin ◽  
Lalu Murdi ◽  
Jujuk Ferdianto
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Strong Bond ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Chain ◽  
High Sense

The struggle of the Indonesian people to achieve independence from the colonialists is as old as colonialism itself. The struggle for independence had at least begun since the establishment of the late 19th century as a chain of struggle for the people in various regions in the archipelago. The struggle of the people of East Lombok in opposing colonialism is a historical record that complements the history of the national struggle of the Indonesian nation and does not have any meaning for the national struggle of the nation. This struggle is also a very strong bond to reach the culmination point of the struggle, namely the Proclamation of Independence on August 17, 1945, as well as efforts to defend Indonesia's independence until 1950. This study has a fundamental contribution in understanding historical information related to nationalism and the spirit of struggle for warriors in East Lombok. History, in this case the revolution in East Lombok in 1945-1949, has a dedactic value for the current and future generations of the nation. The educational value that can be learned from these historical events is at least that the nation's generation has mental strength both biologically and psychologically in facing all the challenges of life and has a high sense of nationalism as part of Indonesian society that must uphold the name of the Indonesian nation.

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