Developing a Competency Model for Nurses Certified in Infection Control in Japan

Background: In July 2019, 2,793 nurses were registered as certified nurse in infection control (CNIC) at the Japanese Nursing Association (JNA). Most CNICs work as full-time infection preventionists (IPs) in hospitals. However, a competency model for CNICs has not been developed in Japan yet. Therefore, we developed a competency model for CNICs. Methods: We conducted a 2-phase explanatory sequential mixed-methods study between November 2013 and October 2019. The participants were 1,711 CNICs listed on the JNA website. Phase 1 was a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires that included 10 competency domains based on the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology Competency Assessment Tool. Considering years of experience as an IP and full-time position, participants’ career stages were novice, competent, proficient, and expert. The CNICs who answered the questionnaire were included in the interview during phase 2, which was a descriptive qualitative study. Specifically, 10–30 participants were selected from each career stage. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, and verbatim transcripts were analyzed qualitatively. The knowledge, skills, and abilities of CNICs were extracted at each career stage. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Juntendo University (approval no. 25-27). Results: During phase 1, 1,711 CNICs were invited to participate: 975 returned the questionnaire (57% response rate) and 969 (99.3%) responses were valid and used in the analysis. Only 257 participants agreed to attend the interviews. In phase 2, interviews were conducted with 67 CNICs: 30 novice, 20 competent, 13 proficient, and 4 expert. The mean years of experience as a nurse and CNIC were 22.2 (SD, 7.0) and 5.3 (SD, 3.1), respectively. As the career stage advanced, the contents and range of infection prevention role and activities in the hospital or community expanded across competency domains. In clarification of infection process, one of the crucial competencies, the novice needed to consult reference material about the infectious disease each time due to lack of knowledge. Although the competent CNICs understood the frequent occurrence of infectious disease, they needed the specialist’s advice. However, the proficient and expert CNICs could interpret information independently, and importantly, expert CNICs could distinguish between what they know and do not know. Conclusions: Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, we developed a competency model for CNICs that may encourage CNICs to develop their expertise and that is useful in assessing the qualities or abilities of CNICs. In the future, this model can be used to develop systematic educational programs for CNICs.Funding: This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI.Disclosures: None

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Student’s perceptions of quality learning in a Malaysian university – a mixed method approach

Quality Assurance in Education ◽

10.1108/qae-12-2016-0088 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 500-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Chee Choy ◽

Joanne Sau-Ching Yim ◽

Poh Leong Tan

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Student Perceptions ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Full Time ◽

Content Type ◽

Mixed Methods Approach ◽

Sequential Mixed Methods ◽

Quality Learning

Purpose This paper aims to examine students’ perceptions of quality learning using a mixed-methods approach in a Malaysian university, with an aim to fill existing knowledge gaps in the literature on relationships among relevant quality variables. The study also assesses the extent to which detailed results from a few participants can be generalised to a larger sample from the population. Design/methodology/approach A sequential, mixed-methods approach was used to obtain a more meaningful and balanced analysis of the data. In total, 12 students were purposively selected and interviewed in Phase 1, to gain insights into their perceptions of quality learning at a selected university. The results of the qualitative analysis were used to develop hypotheses for a quantitative survey of 1,490 students in Phase 2. The samples consisted of students enrolled in full-time bachelor’s degree programmes. The survey data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) to confirm a series of hypotheses about pathways of influence of key quality constructs. Findings The results of the study showed strong positive relationships between student perceptions of learning outcomes, curriculum, instructional delivery and support, learning environment and quality learning. The overall findings suggest that the influences of these quality variables on the perceived quality of learning experiences of students may be complex. Practical implications All Malaysian higher education providers are currently concerned with providing high-quality education that caters to students’ needs. The results generate useful evidence for governors, administrators and other stakeholders regarding the students’ perceptions of quality learning. The results provide insights for supporting diverse students served by these providers. Originality/value The sequential, mixed-methods research design of the study contributed a rich contextual description of students’ perceptions of quality learning. It also fills the knowledge gap mentioned.

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Identification of Factors That Motivate People With Multiple Sclerosis to Participate in Digital Data Collection in Research: Sequential Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13295 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Astrid Karnoe ◽

Lars Kayser ◽

Lasse Skovgaard

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Data Collection ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Digital Data ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Sequential Mixed Methods

BACKGROUND Digital data collection has the potential to reduce participant burden in research projects that require extensive registrations from participants. To achieve this, a digital data collection tool needs to address potential barriers and motivations for participation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify factors that may affect motivation for participation and adoption of a digital data collection tool in a research project on nutrition and multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS The study was designed as a sequential mixed methods study with 3 phases. In phase 1, 15 semistructured interviews were conducted in a Danish population of individuals with MS. Interview guide frameworks were based on dimensions from the electronic health literacy framework and the Health Education Impact Questionnaire. Data from phase 1 were analyzed in a content analysis, and findings were used to inform the survey design in phase 2 that validates the results from the content analysis in a larger population. The survey consisted of 14 items, and it was sent to 1000 individuals with MS (response rate 42.5%). In phase 3, participants in 3 focus group interviews discussed how findings from phases 1 and 2 might affect motivation for participation and adoption of the digital tool. RESULTS The following 3 categories related to barriers and incentives for participation were identified in the content analysis of the 15 individual interviews: (1) life with MS, (2) use of technology, and (3) participation and incentives. Phase 1 findings were tested in phase 2’s survey in a larger population (n=1000). The majority of participants were comfortable using smartphone technologies and participated actively on social media platforms. MS symptoms did cause limitations in the use of Web pages and apps when the given pages had screen clutter, too many colors, or too small buttons. Life with MS meant that most participants had to ration their energy levels. Support from family and friends was important to participants, but support could also come in the form of physical aids (walking aids and similar) and digital aids (reminders, calendar functions, and medication management). Factors that could discourage participation were particularly related to the time it would take every day. The biggest motivations for participation were to contribute to research in MS, to learn more about one’s own MS and what affects it, and to be able to exchange experiences with other people with MS. CONCLUSIONS MS causes limitations that put demands on tools developed for digital data collection. A digital data collection tool can increase chances of high adoption rates, but it needs to be supplemented with a clear and simple project design and continuous communication with participants. Motivational factors should be considered in both study design and the development of a digital data collection tool for research.

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Identification of Factors That Motivate People With Multiple Sclerosis to Participate in Digital Data Collection in Research: Sequential Mixed Methods Study

JMIR Human Factors ◽

10.2196/13295 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. e13295 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Astrid Karnoe ◽

Lars Kayser ◽

Lasse Skovgaard

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Data Collection ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Digital Data ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Data Collection Tool ◽

Sequential Mixed Methods

Background Digital data collection has the potential to reduce participant burden in research projects that require extensive registrations from participants. To achieve this, a digital data collection tool needs to address potential barriers and motivations for participation. Objective This study aimed to identify factors that may affect motivation for participation and adoption of a digital data collection tool in a research project on nutrition and multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods The study was designed as a sequential mixed methods study with 3 phases. In phase 1, 15 semistructured interviews were conducted in a Danish population of individuals with MS. Interview guide frameworks were based on dimensions from the electronic health literacy framework and the Health Education Impact Questionnaire. Data from phase 1 were analyzed in a content analysis, and findings were used to inform the survey design in phase 2 that validates the results from the content analysis in a larger population. The survey consisted of 14 items, and it was sent to 1000 individuals with MS (response rate 42.5%). In phase 3, participants in 3 focus group interviews discussed how findings from phases 1 and 2 might affect motivation for participation and adoption of the digital tool. Results The following 3 categories related to barriers and incentives for participation were identified in the content analysis of the 15 individual interviews: (1) life with MS, (2) use of technology, and (3) participation and incentives. Phase 1 findings were tested in phase 2’s survey in a larger population (n=1000). The majority of participants were comfortable using smartphone technologies and participated actively on social media platforms. MS symptoms did cause limitations in the use of Web pages and apps when the given pages had screen clutter, too many colors, or too small buttons. Life with MS meant that most participants had to ration their energy levels. Support from family and friends was important to participants, but support could also come in the form of physical aids (walking aids and similar) and digital aids (reminders, calendar functions, and medication management). Factors that could discourage participation were particularly related to the time it would take every day. The biggest motivations for participation were to contribute to research in MS, to learn more about one’s own MS and what affects it, and to be able to exchange experiences with other people with MS. Conclusions MS causes limitations that put demands on tools developed for digital data collection. A digital data collection tool can increase chances of high adoption rates, but it needs to be supplemented with a clear and simple project design and continuous communication with participants. Motivational factors should be considered in both study design and the development of a digital data collection tool for research.

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Longitudinal Impact of APRNs on Nursing Home Quality Measures in the Missouri Quality Initiative

The journal of nutrition health & aging ◽

10.1007/s12603-021-1684-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marilyn Rantz ◽

G. F. Petroski ◽

L. L. Popejoy ◽

A. A. Vogelsmeier ◽

K. E. Canada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Care ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Quality Measures ◽

The State ◽

Full Time ◽

Improve Quality ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Intervention Phase ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives To measure the impact of advanced practice nurses (APRNs) on quality measures (QM) scores of nursing homes (NHs) in the CMS funded Missouri Quality Initiative (MOQI) that was designed to reduce avoidable hospitalizations of NH residents, improve quality of care, and reduce overall healthcare spending. Design A four group comparative analysis of longitudinal data from September 2013 thru December 2019. Setting NHs in the interventions of both Phases 1 (2012–2016) and 2 (2016–2020) of MOQI (n=16) in the St. Louis area; matched comparations in the same counties as MOQI NHs (n=27); selected Phase 2 payment intervention NHs in Missouri (n=24); NHs in the remainder of the state (n=406). Participants NHs in Missouri Intervention: Phase 1 of The Missouri Quality Initiative (MOQI), a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) Innovations Center funded research initiative, was a multifaceted intervention in NHs in the Midwest, which embedded full-time APRNs in participating NHs to reduce hospitalizations and improve care of NH residents. Phase 2 extended the MOQI intervention in the original intervention NHs and added a CMS designed Payment Intervention; Phase 2 added a second group of NHs to receive the Payment. Intervention Only. Measurements Eight QMs selected by CMS for the Initiative were falls, pressure ulcers, urinary tract infections, indwelling catheters, restraint use, activities of daily living, weight loss, and antipsychotic medication use. For each of the monthly QMs (2013 thru 2019) an unobserved components model (UCM) was fitted for comparison of groups. Results The analysis of QMs reveals that that the MOQI Intervention + Payment group (group with the embedded APRNs) outperformed all comparison groups: matched comparison with neither intervention, Payment Intervention only, and remainder of the state. Conclusion These results confirm the QM analyses of Phase 1, that MOQI NHs with full-time APRNs are effective to improve quality of care.

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Codeveloping a multibehavioural mobile phone app to enhance social and emotional well-being and reduce health risks among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women during preconception and pregnancy: a three-phased mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. e052545

Author(s):

Michelle Kennedy ◽

Ratika Kumar ◽

Nicole M Ryan ◽

Jessica Bennett ◽

Gina La Hera Fuentes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Community Members ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Aboriginal Community ◽

Aboriginal Women

ObjectiveDescribe the development and pretest of a prototype multibehavioural change app MAMA-EMPOWER.DesignMixed-methods study reporting three phases: (1) contextual enquiry included stakeholder engagement and qualitative interviews with Aboriginal women, (2) value specification included user-workshop with an Aboriginal researcher, community members and experts, (3) codesign with Aboriginal researchers and community members, followed by a pretest of the app with Aboriginal women, and feedback from qualitative interviews and the user-Mobile Application Rating Scale (U-MARS) survey tool.SettingsAboriginal women and communities in urban and regional New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsPhase 1: interviews, 8 Aboriginal women. Phase 2: workshop, 6 Aboriginal women. Phase 3: app trial, 16 Aboriginal women. U-MARS, 5 Aboriginal women.ResultsPhase 1 interviews revealed three themes: current app use, desired app characteristics and implementation. Phase 2 workshop provided guidance for the user experience. Phase 3 app trial assessed all content areas. The highest ratings were for information (mean score of 3.80 out of 5, SD=0.77) and aesthetics (mean score of 3.87 with SD of 0.74), while functionality, engagement and subjective quality had lower scores. Qualitative interviews revealed the acceptability of the app, however, functionality was problematic.ConclusionsDeveloping a mobile phone app, particularly in an Aboriginal community setting, requires extensive consultation, negotiation and design work. Using a strong theoretical foundation of behavioural change technique’s coupled with the consultative approach has added rigour to this process. Using phone apps to implement behavioural interventions in Aboriginal community settings remains a new area for investigation. In the next iteration of the app, we aim to find better ways to personalise the content to women’s needs, then ensure full functionality before conducting a larger trial. We predict the process of development will be of interest to other health researchers and practitioners.

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P.024 Educational needs in migraine care: results from a mixed-methods study among Canadian primary care providers and specialists

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2018.126 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (s2) ◽

pp. S22-S22

Author(s):

S Peloquin ◽

E Leroux ◽

G Shapero ◽

S Labbe ◽

S Murray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Online Survey ◽

Medical Training ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Primary Care Providers ◽

Educational Needs ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Care Providers ◽

Structured Interviews

Background: Migraines are sub-optimally treated, affect millions of Canadians, and are underrepresented in medical training. A study was conducted to identify the needs of Canadian Healthcare Providers (HCPs) for migraine education, with the aim to inform the development of learning activities. Methods: This ethics-approved study was deployed in two consecutive phases using a mixed-methods approach. Phase 1 (qualitative) explored the causes of challenges to migraine care via a literature review, input from an expert working group, and semi-structured interviews with multiple stakeholders. Phase 2 (quantitative) validated these causes using an online survey. Results: The study included 103 participants (28 in phase 1; 75 in phase 2): general practitioners=37; neurologists=24; nurses=14; pharmacists=20; administrators, policy influencers and payers=8. Four areas of sub-optimal knowledge were identified: (1) Canadian guidelines, (2) diagnostic criteria, (3) preventive treatment, and (4) non-pharmacological therapies. Attitudinal issues related to the management of migraine patients were also identified. Detailed data including the frequencies of knowledge gaps among general practitioners and general neurologists will be presented along with qualitative findings. Conclusions: Educational activities for general practitioners and general neurologists who treat patients with migraines should be designed to address the four educational needs described in this study.

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A Mixed Methods–Grounded Theory Design for Producing More Refined Theoretical Models

Journal of Mixed Methods Research ◽

10.1177/1558689820932311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 61-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Minjung Shim ◽

Burke Johnson ◽

Joke Bradt ◽

Susan Gasson

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Theory Development ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Meta Model ◽

Meta Modeling ◽

Confirmatory Phase

Current literature lacks explication of how traditional grounded theory and mixed methods–grounded theory (MM-GT) are similar/different and specific explication of how to construct MM-GT designs—our purpose is to do this. We illustrate the design process using a published study. Exploratory Phase 1 involves creation of a formative–theoretical model based on multiple implicit or explicit models identified in the literature, which are then combined into a single model using meta-modeling integration. Also, in Phase 1, a traditional grounded theory is developed “independently” using interview data. These two models are integrated into a combined/meta-model at the end of Phase 1. Confirmatory Phase 2 involves testing of the final Phase 1 meta-model using a mixed methods experiment. In Phase 3, the Phase 1 and Phase 2 results are integrated, producing the “final” meta-model. This article contributes to the field of mixed methods research by showing how to design an MM-GT study that is focused on theory development and testing.

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Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), Part II: Impact of a Multidimensional Strategy to Reduce Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in 10 Developing Countries

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/666342 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 704-710 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Victor D. Rosenthal ◽

Maria E. Rodríguez-Calderón ◽

Marena Rodríguez-Ferrer ◽

Tanu Singhal ◽

Mandakini Pawar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Infection Control ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Control Program ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Infection Control Program

Design.Before-after prospective surveillance study to assess the efficacy of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) multidimensional infection control program to reduce the rate of occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Setting.Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of INICC member hospitals from 15 cities in the following 10 developing countries: Argentina, Colombia, El Salvador, India, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Philippines, Tunisia, and Turkey.Patients.NICU inpatients.Methods.VAP rates were determined during a first period of active surveillance without the implementation of the multidimensional approach (phase 1) to be then compared with VAP rates after implementation of the INICC multidimensional infection control program (phase 2), which included the following practices: a bundle of infection control interventions, education, outcome surveillance, process surveillance, feedback on VAP rates, and performance feedback on infection control practices. This study was conducted by infection control professionals who applied National Health Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for healthcare-associated infections and INICC surveillance methodology.Results.During phase 1, we recorded 3,153 mechanical ventilation (MV)–days, and during phase 2, after the implementation of the bundle of interventions, we recorded 15,981 MV-days. The VAP rate was 17.8 cases per 1,000 MV-days during phase 1 and 12.0 cases per 1,000 MV-days during phase 2 (relative risk, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.91]; P = .001 ), indicating a 33% reduction in VAP rate.Conclusions.Our results demonstrate that an implementation of the INICC multidimensional infection control program was associated with a significant reduction in VAP rate in NICUs in developing countries.

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63. Impact of Infectious Disease Fellow-Driven Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions on Inpatient Fluoroquinolone Use

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab466.265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S150-S150

Author(s):

Carlos M Nunez ◽

Arun Mattappallil ◽

Katie A McCrink ◽

Debbie Rybak ◽

Basil Taha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Clinical Indication ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Intervention Phase ◽

Stewardship Program ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are frequently used in hospitalized patients to treat a wide range of infections but are often misused and implicated in antibiotic-associated adverse events. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of Infectious Disease fellow (IDF)-driven antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) interventions on inpatient FQ use. Methods This is a retrospective study of all admitted patients who received a FQ for greater than 48 hours from 01/01/2019 -12/31/2020 in an urban academic center. “Phase 1” (pre-intervention phase) covered 01/1/2019- 03/31/2019. “Phase 2” (intervention phase) covered 03/03/2020- 12/23/2020. In “Phase 2”, our ASP reviewed FQ use 2-3 days per week and an IDF provided feedback interventions that averaged 30-60 minutes of IDF time spent per day. We categorized FQ use as either: “appropriate”, “appropriate but not preferred”, or “inappropriate”, as determined by local clinical guidelines and ASP team opinion. We compared FQ use in both phases, indications for FQ use, and new Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI). Results A total of 386 patients are included (76 in “Phase 1”and 310 in “Phase 2”). Patient characteristics are similar (Table 1). Overall, 63 % of FQ use was empiric, and 50% FQ use was deemed “appropriate”, 28% “appropriate but not preferred”, and 22% “inappropriate”. In “Phase 2”, 126 interventions were conducted, with 86% of these accepted. Appropriate FQ use increased significantly in “Phase 2” vs. “Phase 1” (53.5% vs 35.5%, p = 0.008), with decrease in mean days of FQ use (4.38 days vs 5.87 days, p =.021). Table 2 shows “appropriate” FQ use by clinical indication. New CDIs occurred more in “Phase 1” vs. “Phase 2” (6.6% vs 0.6%, p=.001). Conclusion An IDF-driven ASP intervention has a positive impact on appropriate inpatient use of FQs in our hospital. This highlights a promising ASP model which not only improves appropriate use of FQ, but also offers an opportunity for IDF mentorship and use of available resources to promote ASPs. Disclosures Katie A. McCrink, PharmD, ViiV Healthcare (Employee)

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An integrative counselling program to promote active ageing for older people in Thai nursing homes: an intervention mixed methods design

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00519-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jantana Juthavantana ◽

Nanchatsan Sakunpong ◽

Ujsara Prasertsin ◽

Monthira Charupheng ◽

Sheibon Hassakama Lau

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Older People ◽

Phase 1 ◽

The Elderly ◽

Active Ageing ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Mixed Methods Design ◽

Counselling Program

Abstract Background Active ageing has been a rapidly developing field of study in light of the growing population of older people. Acknowledgement of the lack of a counselling program to promote active ageing for the older people in nursing homes led to the development of this study which aims to investigate active ageing of the Thai elderly in a nursing home in addition to promoting active ageing for them through integrative counselling. Methods The study was conducted in a nursing home in Samut Prakan province, Thailand. The integrative counselling program referred to appropriate literature along with implementation of the Satir Model and Motivational Interviewing techniques. An intervention mixed methods design was applied in the study, which consisted of two phases. Phase 1 involved an investigation of the concept of active ageing, based on the context of older people in nursing homes by way of in-depth interviews, involving 5 participants. Phase 2 comprised of an investigation of the effects of an integrative counselling program to promote active ageing for older people in the same nursing home. There was a total of 16 participants in phase 2 which were divided equally into experimental and control groups respectively. Results Phase 1 of the study showcased qualitative results of the progress of active ageing development in older people that resulted in 4 sub-themes (Health development, spiritual development, active engagement and psychosocial support). Two parameters were used to analyze the results in phase 2. The quantitative results showed that the active ageing score of participants in the experimental arm increased significantly after enrollment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the experimental group had a higher overall active ageing score in comparison to the control group. Qualitative results of phase 2 elicited factors promoting active ageing in the elderly which included activities, group facilitator and group atmosphere. Both quantitative and qualitative results of phase 2 proved to be significant, showing that the program managed to develop active ageing in participants. Conclusion Psychologists and multidisciplinary teams looking after older people in nursing homes are able to use this integrative counselling program for development of active ageing in the elderly population.

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