scholarly journals The influence of suburban development and metropolitan fragmentation on language variation and change: Evidence from Greater St. Louis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
Daniel Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Northern Cities Shift ◽  
Northern Cities ◽  
Suburban Development ◽  
Metropolitan Fragmentation

AbstractThe distances between urban and suburban spaces, while small in Euclidean terms, have a rather large social reality. This paper calls attention to two reasons for this—suburban development and metropolitan fragmentation—and situates these phenomena within the context of sociological and historical thought about metropolitan areas. I test their role in linguistic variation through a case study of three Northern Cities Shift features (raised trap, fronted lot, and lowered thought) in English of the St. Louis metropolitan area. I show that these features diffused throughout the region in three different ways. Additionally, phonological conditioning of lot-fronting differs between urban and suburban speakers, and retreat from urban dialect features is led in the suburbs. These findings highlight the need to consider the geography of metropolitan areas more deeply in studies of language variation and change in metropolitan areas, as similarity across a metropolitan area should not be assumed a priori.

Usage, media, and grammaticalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-83
Author(s):  
Liang Tao
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Chinese Text ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rhetorical Question ◽  
Beijing Mandarin ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This report presents a case study on a current grammatical change in a rhetorical question 不是…吗 (isn’t it the case…?) and its spreading from spoken Beijing Mandarin to Mandarin Chinese in general. The study addresses three interrelated issues that concern the development and spreading of this new pattern: (1) usage-based language variation and change in spoken Beijing Mandarin; (2) Socio-cultural factors that may have promoted the adaptation of the new pattern in Mandarin Chinese; and (3) the impact of media, which may enhance the rapid spreading of the pattern in China. The report offers another instance of usage as the main driving force leading to language variation and grammaticalization.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT ELEMENTS OF THE EMERGENT METROPOLITAN AREAS IN A TRANSITION COUNTRY. ROMANIA, AS CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan IANOȘ ◽  
Daniel PEPTENATU ◽  
Cristian DRĂGHICI ◽  
Radu Daniel PINTILII
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Countries In Transition

Complex processes, specific to the countries in transition, have had major impacts on restructuring the territorial management systems. The removal of restrictions of limiting urban expansion, imposed by the totalitarian regime, has allowed the rapid expansion of cities, beyond administrative boundaries, since 1989. The concept of emerging metropolitan area is explained by the multitude of problems posed by the sketching of these areas and especially by their functioning. Synthesizing, there are presented some managerial experiences considered inchoate, of some emerging Romanian metropolitan areas, with an emphasis on Bucharest’s metropolitan area. The conclusions of these descriptive analysis show the complexity of the problems that can occur during the process of building of the metropolitan areas under the circumstances of lack of an inter-municipal cooperation culture. Integrated management takes into account two realities: firstly, that the management of emerging metropolitan areas is trans-scalar, achieving the partial mergence of the management types (including the collegiate one), and secondly, that insuring a multi-level governance without implementing a polycentric intra-metropolitan development policy, is not sufficient.

scholarly journals Influence of Characteristics of Metropolitan Areas on the Logistics Sprawl: A Case Study for Metropolitan Areas of the State of Paraná (Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9779
Author(s):  
Luísa Tavares Muzzi de Sousa ◽  
Leise Kelli de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Urban Freight Transport ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

The concentration of warehouses in peripheral regions of metropolitan areas in a time period is called logistics sprawl (LS). Identifying this phenomenon could help to reduce externalities related to urban freight transport, mainly, the distance traveled. This paper examines the contribution of the characteristics of metropolitan areas on the logistics sprawl indicator. A case study was carried out considering data from eight metropolitan areas of the state of Paraná (Brazil). The research method is based on the data collection procedure proposed, centrographic method, and linear regression. The results of the centrographic method reveal a positive LS in four metropolitan areas and a negative LS in three metropolitan areas. In general, the warehouses are close to the highways that cross the metropolitan area. In addition, the size of the metropolitan area has a negative relationship with the number of warehouses and the logistics sprawl indicator. The findings highlight the importance of public policies relating to urban freight transport and land use at a metropolitan level.

When Language Fails

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Yang
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Tolerance Principle

The theory predicts complete lexicalization when the number of exceptions to a rule exceeds the threshold, which leads to morphological gaps: without a productive rule, you only know the derived form if you hear it otherwise ineffability arises. Detailed numerical studies for gaps in Russian, English, Spanish, and Polish. The Tolerance Principle also directly bears on language variation and change, in that it provides/predicts the conditions under which language change is actuated. As a case study, the theory explains why—and when—the so-called dative sickness, and other instances of case substitution, took place in Icelandic in the 19th centuries.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Relationships in Feeding Metropolis: A Case Study in Ljubljana Metropolitan Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Sali ◽  
Stefano Corsi ◽  
Federica Monaco ◽  
Chiara Mazzocchi ◽  
Matjaž Glavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Definition Of

Metropolitan areas are characterized by the coexistence of a urban core insisting on natural resources of surrounding rural areas, strictly linked to the former. Inevitably, increasing urbanization and its consequences affect the model of urban development, which then needs to deal with the challenge of sustainability, also aiming to reduce pressures on resources and on supplying capacities of rural agricultural systems in providing food to urban zones, traditionally lacking. It then becomes important to deepen the possibility for the dense core to be supplied through proximity agriculture, able to recreate and improve synergic connections between urban and rural spheres. The paper aims to study the relationships among them for feeding the metropolis, adopting a methodology for the spatial definition of urban centre in metropolitan area and the assessment of its food balance, in order to identify the potentialities of local and proximity agriculture and provide a first evaluation for the possibility to match urban development and production potential. Identified tools are applied to Ljubljana metropolitan area.

Portuguese Relative Clauses in Synchrony and Diachrony

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Comparative Syntax ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restrictive Relatives

This book sheds light on language variation and change from a generative syntactic perspective, based on a case study of relative clauses in Portuguese and other languages. Concretely, it offers a comparative account of three linguistic phenomena documented in the synchrony and diachrony of Portuguese: remnant-internal relativization, extraposition of restrictive relatives, and appositive relativization. The research methodology adopted involves comparative syntax, both in the diachronic and the synchronic dimensions: Contemporary European Portuguese is systematically compared with earlier stages of Portuguese; moreover, Portuguese is compared with other languages, in particular Latin, English, Dutch, and Italian. The book provides new perspectives on the syntax of relativization. From a theoretical perspective, it shows that competing analyses need not be either false or true universally, but can be instrumental in explaining language variation (both diachronically and synchronically). As for the variation found in the synchronic and diachronic dimensions, it is proposed that languages (and different stages of the same language) might vary according to whether they allow relativization to be derived from specifying coordination. Moreover, the book reports a series of changes that took place in the history of Portuguese after the sixteenth century, which reduced the patterns of nominal discontinuity available in the language.

scholarly journals Soft planning for soft spaces. Concept of Poznań metropolitan area development – a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Planning Tools ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Planning Approaches

Abstract The article presents the essence, goals and instruments of soft (informal, non-statutory) spatial planning, developed in the countries of Western Europe and relatively new in Poland. It targets areas with fuzzy borders (soft spaces) and areas between administration tiers. The article presents conceptual issues and non-formal planning tools used in Western Europe. The planning approaches which are generally described as “soft” are characterised by non-formalised and non-binding procedures, and by their focus on achieving a consensus. In the first part of the article presents the conceptual issues and further informal planning instruments used in Western European countries at different spatial scales The following section presents deficits of spatial planning of metropolitan areas and - against this background - the legitimacy of creating informal plans in Poland, using Metropolia Poznań as an example

scholarly journals Efficiency and equity of orbital motorways in Madrid

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Martin ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Palomares ◽  
Javier Gutierrez ◽  
Concepción Román
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Effects

Orbital motorways are major structuring elements in the metropolitan areas of developed countries. They can be considered as key components within the transport network of large urban agglomerations, funneling a great amount of intra- and inter-metropolitan traffic. This paper explores the equity and efficiency effects of orbital motorways on accessibility, using the beltways of Madrid as a case study. It is well known that orbital impacts differ depending on their location within the metropolitan area (inner and outer) as well as the activity distributional performance (agglomeration vs. decentralization of activities). These topics have received very little attention in previous studies. The paper extracts some policy considerations with respect to accessibility disparities within metropolitan areas and compares relative changes from the spatial perspective.

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