scholarly journals Development of interfirm network management activities: The impact of industry, firm age and size

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ripollés ◽  
Andreu Blesa
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Network Management ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Interfirm Network ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article investigates the structural characteristics of firms that promote activities involving partners who coordinate with each other to achieve common or individual goals. The article also aims to verify empirically whether these activities generate advantages for companies embedded in relationships by examining the effects of industry, age and size on interfirm network management activities in a sample of Spanish companies operating in several industries and belonging to networks. The results show differences according to the life cycle stage: growth or maturity. Only the relation between interfirm network management activity and performance has been confirmed in both samples. The findings point to the need to consider the industrial environment when analysing firms’ networking decisions because the situations they face differ in mature or growing industries.

27 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and a Partial Life Cycle Assessment When Growing Pigs Are Fed High Wheat Millrun Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Agbee L Kpogo ◽  
Jismol Jose ◽  
Josiane Panisson ◽  
Bernardo Predicala ◽  
Alvin Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets on the global warming potential (GWP) of pork production was investigated. In study 1, a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of wheat millrun (0 or 30%) and multi-carbohydrase enzyme (0 or 1 mg kg-1) as main effects was utilized. For each of 16 reps, 6 pigs (60.2±2.2 kg BW) were housed in environmental chambers for 14d. Air samples were collected and analyzed for carbon dioxide (CO2); nitrous oxide (N2O); and methane (CH4). In study 2, data from study 1 and performance data obtained from a previous feeding trial were utilized in a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework that included feed production. The Holos farm model (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge. AB) was used to estimate emissions from feed production. In study 1, total manure output from pigs fed 30% wheat millrun diets was 30% greater than pigs on the 0% wheat millrun diets (P < 0.05), however, Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect greenhouse gas (GHG) output (CH4, 4.7, 4.9; N2O, 0.45, 0.42; CO2, 1610, 1711; mg s-1 without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P > 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG production (CH4, 4.5, 5.1; N2O, 0.46, 0.42; CO2, 1808, 1513; mg s-1 without or with enzymes, respectively; P > 0.51). In study 2, the LCA indicated that the inclusion of 30% wheat millrun in diets for growing pigs resulted in approximately a 25% reduction in GWP when compared to the no wheat millrun diets. Our results demonstrate that 30% wheat millrun did not increase GHG output from the pigs, and thus the inclusion of wheat millrun in diets of growing pigs can reduce the GWP of pork production.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Working Capital Management and a Firm’s Financial Performance across the Corporate Life Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanxin Wang ◽  
Minhas Akbar ◽  
Ahsan Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Working Capital Management ◽  
Conservative Strategy ◽  
Corporate Life Cycle ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of working capital management (WCM) and working capital strategy (WCS) on firm’s financial performance across different stages of the corporate life cycle (CLC). We use Pakistani non-financial listed firms nested in 12 diverse industries over a period of 2005–2014 as the research sample and employ the hierarchical linear mixed (HLM) estimator, which can process multilevel data where observations are not completely independent. The empirical findings reveal that, overall, WCM is negatively associated with firm performance. However, this association is not static across different stages of a firm’s life cycle. For example, a negative association is more pronounced at the introduction stage followed by growth and decline stages, whereas WCM does not significantly impact the performance of mature firms. Likewise, WCS also causes varying effects on the financial performance across the CLC. A conservative strategy at the introduction, growth, and decline stages negatively affects firm performance, suggesting that these firms should adopt an aggressive strategy. Nevertheless, management of sample firms did not account for the respective life cycle stage while formulating a WCM strategy, which can seriously compromise their financial sustainability. These findings suggest that firms require customized WCM policies and WCS to attain sustainable financial performance at each stage of firm life cycle. Thus, managers should not overlook the significant role of CLC stages in their financial planning to ensure the sustainable functioning of the enterprise.

Evolutionary Governance for Mega-Event Projects (Meps): A Case Study of the World Expo 2010 in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkui Li ◽  
Yujie Lu ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Young Hoon Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Reputation Management ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
The World ◽  
World Expo ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The Impact

A mega-event is an open socioeconomic system characterized by massive budget demands and multiple types of subprojects and their complex interrelationships. Although a mega-event is an opportunity for a country to show its international reputation, management capacity, and societal strength, it demands a long preparation time; an enormous amount of investment; and massive resource mobilization, with far-reaching effects on both the economic and social development of a country. Mega-event projects (MEPs) face remarkable challenges in terms of overrun costs, delayed schedules, and political issues, indicating that the research on such mega-events is still insufficient and that there is a lack of effective theories to support the management and governance of MEPs. Existing studies have also ignored the dynamic evolution and adaptation of governance in a changing environment, particularly in relation to the success of MEPs. To fill this research gap, this study aims to examine the dynamic governance of MEPs on the basis of a new theory—evolutionary governance theory (EGT)—which combines institutional economics, systems theory, and project governance. The study was conducted in three main steps: (1) studying the case of the evolutionary governance of the World Expo 2010 in China during its life cycle stage, including planning, construction, operation, and post-event development; (2) discussing the impact of the hierarchical and cross-functional governance structure of the Expo; and (3) summarizing the theories and best practices of dynamic governance mechanisms for MEPs. The result of the study can deepen understanding of the multi-level governance of mega-events during the life cycle process and can also support the evolution of governance transition over the different stages.

Forecasting “Wooden Round” Reliability During Preliminary Design

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Weaks
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The USAF’s R&M 2000 policy emphasizes the integration of reliability and maintainability considerations into a system’s preliminary design phase. This emphasis leads to unique requirements for turbine engines, including those of “wooden rounds” such as a HARPOON type missiles. In particular, it requires the development of tools for assessing the impact of design iterations on the reliability of “wooden round” weapon systems. Such tools must account for design iterations impact on storage, captive carry and launch reliability. A Markov approach is described in this paper, which provides an ability to track the reliability of a fleet of missiles/engines on a period by period basis, allowing one to assess when scheduled maintenance is appropriate and what components require such maintenance. Thus, inputs for Life Cycle Costing are generated, as well as the ability to determine tradeoffs between R&M and performance.

scholarly journals The formation of the enterprises human capital in the context of digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 09011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Pirogova ◽  
Marina Makarevich
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
New Information ◽  
Individual Enterprise ◽  
The Impact

The use of human resources, both in the development of an individual enterprise, and in the development of the whole country, plays an important role, therefore, issues related to the formation of "human capital" and methods for assessing it are relevant today. Today, digital technologies penetrate into all spheres of the economic activity of society and contribute to the formation of a new information environment for economic entities. Digitalization as an objective process has an impact on the development of individual sectors of the national economy, including enterprises in the service sector. The article discusses the positive and negative aspects of the impact of digitalization on the activities of service enterprises. The analysis performed in the study allowed us to identify the main problems of the use of human capital in digitalization and to identify its key features. The features of the formation of human capital of enterprises in the service sector at the stages of the life cycle are considered. A technique is proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of investments in the human capital of service enterprises, which is based on a combined assessment of the elements of human capital using the CIV and MVAIC methods, as well as taking into account the life cycle stage.

Industry life cycle, geographic diversification and performance of international new ventures

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Pangarkar ◽  
Lin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
High Technology ◽  
International New Ventures ◽  
Geographic Diversification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Life Cycle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technology Industries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how geographic diversification affects the performance of international new ventures. Design/methodology/approach This study develops hypotheses about the individual and joint effects of geographic diversification and industry life cycle on the performance of international new ventures. This paper also introduces industry technology characteristics as a contingent factor for the above relationships and tests the hypotheses on a large panel data set. Findings Based on the analyses of the strategies and performance of 699 listed Chinese international new ventures between 1991 and 2014, this study finds that the impact of geographic diversification on performance is contingent on the stage of the industry life cycle and that the moderating effect differs across high-technology and low-technology industries. The results suggest that it is fruitful for international new ventures in high-technology industries to undertake geographic diversification in earlier stages of the industry life cycle, but international new ventures in low-technology industries are better off undertaking geographic diversification during the later stages of the industry life cycle. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on international entrepreneurship by identifying the industry life cycle conditions under which the learning advantages of international new ventures are effective and facilitate the achievement of better performance. This paper also shows that industry technology type matters for geographic diversification strategies of international new ventures.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of the Breezhaler® Breath-Actuated Dry Powder Inhaler

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6657
Author(s):  
Brett Fulford ◽  
Karen Mezzi ◽  
Andy Whiting ◽  
Simon Aumônier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Powder Inhaler ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
The Impact

The Breezhaler® dry powder inhaler (DPI) has a low carbon footprint compared with other inhalation therapies, consistent with the literature on other DPIs. This life-cycle assessment was conducted in France, Germany, the UK, and Japan using a “cradle-to-grave” technique to evaluate six environmental impact categories (global warming potential; acidification; ozone depletion; use of resource, minerals, and metals; eco-toxicity; and freshwater use) associated with the use of the Breezhaler®. Three variants of the Breezhaler® (30-day packs with and without the digital companion and a 90-day pack without the digital companion) were evaluated to identify major hotspots in the device life-cycle and to provide realistic solutions to reduce the environmental impact. Although no single life-cycle stage dominated the climate change impact of the 30-day device with the digital companion, the inhaler’s raw materials and packaging contributed to 96% of the resource depletion impact for the 30-day device without the digital companion. For the 90-day device without the digital companion, packaging contributed 42–62% of the impact across all categories. Overall, the Breezhaler® inhaler with the 90-day pack had the lowest environmental impact. The environmental impact of the device did not vary significantly among the considered markets. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of active pharmaceutical ingredients and improvement in clinical outcomes on the environment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Business Life Cycle and Performance Discrepancy on R&D Expenditures-Evidence from Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Chin Chang ◽  
She-Chih Chiu ◽  
Pei-Cheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Taiwan Stock Exchange ◽  
Cycle Growth ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Discrepancy ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of business life cycle and performance discrepancy on Research and Development (R&D) expenditure. Specifically, we argue that managers of firms in different stages of business life cycle make R&D decisions according to their perception of performance discrepancy. We investigate three stages of business life cycle: growth stage, maturity stage, and stagnant stage. Based on a sample of firms listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange, we find that managers of firms in the growth stage tend to increase R&D expenditure when they experience positive performance discrepancy. This implies that growing firms’ slack-resource-driven behavior is leads to the increase in R&D expenditure. There is some evidence that managers of firms in the mature stage tend to increase R&D spending when they experience negative performance discrepancy, indicate that negative performance discrepancy triggers the problem-driven search behavior of managers of mature firms.

scholarly journals TOURIST AREA LIFE CYCLE STAGE AND THE IMPACT OF A CRISIS

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID BOJANIC
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
The Impact
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