scholarly journals Salt intake per dish in the Japanese diet: a clue to help establish dietary goals at home

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Imamoto ◽  
Toshihiko Takada ◽  
Sho Sasaki ◽  
Kenji Kato ◽  
Yoshihiro Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Japanese Diet ◽  
At Home

The salt intake of Japanese at home remains high. To aid in salt reduction and encourage a balanced diet, we conducted a cross-sectional study using data from a previous clinical trial in community-dwelling individuals to evaluate major salt sources and relationships among the intake of different dishes in the Japanese diet at home. Dietary records and urinary salt excretion measurements were performed daily for 1 month in seventy-nine participants. The records were classified into six grain dish categories as staple dishes, seven side dish categories and a snack category. Regression analyses were used to estimate (1) salt intake per meal for each category of grain dish, (2) salt intake per dish from each dish category and its contribution to the total salt intake and (3) the influence of grain dish selection on the frequencies of other dishes. Salt intake per meal was approximately 3 g, regardless of grain dish selection. Fish and meat dishes showed the largest contribution to the total salt intake (35 %), followed by vegetable dishes (19 %). The intake of fish or meat and vegetables was promoted by plain rice and reduced by ramen noodles. The intake of dairy products was only promoted by bread, while that of fruits was not influenced by any grain dish category. These results suggest simple strategies to reduce salt intake while maintaining dietary balance, such as eating plain rice more often and using less salt to cook meat/fish and vegetable dishes.

scholarly journals Barriers of dietary salt reduction among hypertensive patients: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3459
Author(s):  
Mariyam Khwaja
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake

Background: Healthy dietary practice is an important lifestyle modification and one of the key adjuncts to pharmacotherapy in management of hypertension. A modest reduction in salt intake of 5 gm/day lowered blood pressure by 7/4 mmHg diastolic in hypertensive patients. Despite knowledge about the ill consequences, many people continue to consume high levels of salt in their diet. To motivate people to reduce salt in their diet, a solid understanding of barriers encountered by those under salt reduction recommendation is necessary. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the barriers to dietary salt reduction among hypertensive patients.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 356 hypertensive patients in field practice areas (urban and rural) in Department of Community Medicine, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for the study. Compliance to dietary salt intake was assessed by calculating average salt intake per person per day. The tenets of health belief model were used to examine the key determinants of human behavior. Analysis was done by using correlation, proportions, chi-square and multiple linear regression.Results: 31.4% of the participants took salt <5 gm per day. A significant association was noticed with area, religion, social class, family size, perceived benefits and perceived susceptibility. A significant positive correlation was seen with total adherence score and family size.Conclusions: A lot of barriers hinder the compliance to dietary salt reduction. Health Education stressing the role of salt reduction in control of blood pressure is recommended.

scholarly journals Sodium sources in the Japanese diet: difference between generations and sexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2011-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Asakura ◽  
Ken Uechi ◽  
Shizuko Masayasu ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Japanese Diet

AbstractObjectiveGlobally, the Na consumption of most people exceeds the WHO recommendation. To be effective, salt reduction programmes require assessment of the dietary sources of Na. Due to methodological difficulties however, comprehensive assessments are rare. Here, we identified Na sources in the Japanese diet using a 4 d diet record that was specifically designed for Na source description.DesignA cross-sectional study.SubjectsApparently healthy men (n 196) and women (n 196) aged 20–69 years.SettingThe subjects were recruited from twenty-three of forty-seven prefectures in Japan.ResultsThe proportion of discretionary Na intake in total Na intake was 52·3 % in men and 57·1 % in women, and was significantly lower in younger subjects. The two major food groups contributing to Na intake were seasonings such as salt or soya sauce (61·7 % of total Na intake in men, 62·9 % in women) and fish and shellfish (6·7 % in men, 6·6 % in women). The third major contributor differed between men and women (noodles in men, 4·9 %; bread in women, 5·0 %). Further, the contribution of each food group to total Na intake differed among age groups.ConclusionsWhile individual efforts to decrease Na intake remain important, population approaches to reducing Na content in processed foods are already equally important and will assume greater importance in the future even in Japan, an Asian country facing a rapid Westernization in dietary habits.

scholarly journals Salt intake and dietary sources of salt on weekdays and weekend days in Australian adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2174-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryl Nowson ◽  
Karen Lim ◽  
Mary-Ann Land ◽  
Jacqui Webster ◽  
Jonathan E Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Recommended Level

AbstractObjectiveTo assess if there is a difference in salt intake (24 h urine collection and dietary recall) and dietary sources of salt (Na) on weekdays and weekend days.DesignA cross-sectional study of adults who provided one 24 h urine collection and one telephone-administered 24 h dietary recall.SettingCommunity-dwelling adults living in the State of Victoria, Australia.SubjectsAdults (n 598) who participated in a health survey (53·5 % women; mean age 57·1 (95 % CI 56·2, 58·1) years).ResultsMean (95 % CI) salt intake (dietary recall) was 6·8 (6·6, 7·1) g/d and 24 h urinary salt excretion was 8·1 (7·8, 8·3) g/d. Mean dietary and 24 h urinary salt (age-adjusted) were 0·9 (0·1, 1·6) g/d (P=0·024) and 0·8 (0·3, 1·6) g/d (P=0·0017), respectively, higher at weekends compared with weekdays. There was an indication of a greater energy intake at weekends (+0·6 (0·02, 1·2) MJ/d, P=0·06), but no difference in Na density (weekday: 291 (279, 304) mg/MJ; weekend: 304 (281, 327) mg/MJ; P=0·360). Cereals/cereal products and dishes, meat, poultry, milk products and gravy/sauces accounted for 71 % of dietary Na.ConclusionsMean salt intake (24 h urine collection) was more than 60 % above the recommended level of 5 g salt/d and 8–14 % more salt was consumed at weekends than on weekdays. Substantial reductions in the Na content of staple foods, processed meat, sauces, mixed dishes (e.g. pasta), convenience and takeaway foods are required to achieve a significant consistent reduction in population salt intake throughout the week.

scholarly journals Factors associated with noncompliance of sodium restriction in hypertensive and heart failure patients at the National Hospital of Cotonou, Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Sylvie Azandjeme ◽  
Charles-Jérome Sossa ◽  
Murielle Eliane Hounkponou ◽  
Yolaine Ahanhanzo-Glèlè ◽  
Basilia Sodabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Factors Associated

Introduction: Nutritional therapy in the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure is a real challenge in terms of compliance of sodium restriction for success of the treatment. The study aims to assess the level of patient compliance with the sodium restriction by salt consumption, prescribed by care providers and the associated factors. Materials and Methods: Total daily salt intake was estimated in a cross-sectional study of 166 hypertensive and heart failure subjects monitored in the cardiology department of the “Centre Hospitalier Universitaire - Hubert Koutoukou Maga” (CNHU-HKM), using two 24-hour recalls combined with a food frequency questionnaire for salt-providing foods. Results: Out of the study, 83.7% of patients had a daily intake above recommendations. Factors associated with the non-compliance of salt restriction were the lack of knowledge of palliative spices and herbs of salty taste (p=0.009) and the consumption of salty snack foods and salty peanuts (p=0.032). Conclusion: Nutritional education and support activities should be carried out to improve the salt reduction compliance for these patients.

scholarly journals Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors on Efate Island, Vanuatu

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emalie Sparks ◽  
Katherine Paterson ◽  
Joseph Santos ◽  
Kathy Trieu ◽  
Nerida Hinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Meal Preparation ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
And Behaviors

In Vanuatu, mean salt intake exceeds the recommended maximum daily intake, and contributes to the high proportion of deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases. Understanding salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the Vanuatu population can inform appropriate interventions. This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the 2016–2017 Vanuatu Salt Survey. In total, 753 participants aged between 18 and 69 years from rural and urban communities on the Island of Efate were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected and a salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors survey was administered. Knowledge relating to the need to reduce salt consumption was high, but reported behaviors did not reflect this knowledge. A total of 83% of participants agreed that too much salt could cause health problems, and 86% reported that it was “very important” to lower the amount of salt in the diet. However, more than two-thirds of the population reported always/often adding salt to food during cooking/meal preparation and at the table, and always/often consuming processed foods high in salt. Strategic, targeted, and sustained behavior change programs in parallel with interventions to change the food environment to facilitate healthier choices should be key components of a salt reduction program. Actions should implemented as part of a comprehensive strategy to prevent and control non-communicable diseases in Vanuatu.

scholarly journals Work stress, age, and years of service with feeling of work fatigue among nurses at Grhasia hospital Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Angelina Candra Dewi ◽  
Agus Surono ◽  
Adi Heru Sutomo
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Period ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Using Data

Work stress, age, and years of services with work fatigue among nurses at mental hospital of Grhasia YogyakartaPurposeThis research aimed to find associated factors of working stress, age, and working length with fatigue feelings among nurses at mental hospital of Grhasia Yogyakarta. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using data sheets, job stress questionnaire, and KAUPK2 questionnaire given to 55 nurses. Research data were analyzed using Pearson product moment and multiple linear regression tests. ResultsWork stress correlated with work fatigue feelings with value r=0.454, p-value<0.05, age correlated with feelings of work fatigue with value r=0.334, p-value<0.05, and working relationship with feelings of work fatigue with value r=0.361, p-value<0.05. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that job stress and work period have a significant relationship and are the factors that most play a role in determining feelings of work fatigue among nurses (R2=0.275, p=0.000).ConclusionThere was a correlation between work stress, age, and work period with feelings of work fatigue among nurses, and there were influences simultaneously between work stress and work period with feeling of work fatigue. It is recommended for hospitals to conduct recreational activities or rotate work for senior and less productive nurses with junior and productive nurses. This policy aims to eliminate boredom and work fatigue. In addition, nurses are expected to perform and improve healthy lifestyles, by performing routine medical check ups, eating food with a balanced diet and getting adequate rest.

Blood Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate as Pathophysiological Correlates of Chronic Pain: Analyses Using a National Sample of Midlife Adults in the United States

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Benjamin P Chapman ◽  
Shannon M Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Midlife Adults

Abstract Objective Identifying biomarkers is a priority in translational chronic pain research. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form, DHEA-S, are adrenocortical steroids in the blood with neuroprotective properties that also produce sex hormones. They may capture key sex-specific neuroendocrine mechanisms of chronic pain. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Using data from 1,216 community-dwelling adults aged 34–84 from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) cohort, we examined blood DHEA and DHEA-S levels in association with chronic pain in men and women, adjusting for demographics, chronic diseases, medications including opioids, and psychosocial factors. If an association was found, we further explored dose-response relationships by the number of pain locations and the degree of pain interference. Results In women, chronic pain was associated with 0.072 lower (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.127 to –0.017) log10 DHEA-S µg/dL, with pain in one to two locations associated with 0.068 lower (95% CI, –0.131 to –0.006) and in three or more locations 0.071 lower (95% CI, –0.148 to 0.007) log10 DHEA-S (P for trend = 0.074). Furthermore for women, low-interference pain was associated with 0.062 lower (95% CI, –0.125 to –0.000), whereas high-interference pain was associated with 0.138 lower (95% CI, –0.233 to –0.043) log10 DHEA-S (P for trend = 0.004). Chronic pain was not associated with DHEA or DHEA-S levels in men or DHEA levels in women. Conclusions Chronic pain and its functional interference correspond to lower blood DHEA-S levels in women.

Relationship Between Nutrient Intake and Vitamin D Status in Osteoporotic Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Souza Genaro ◽  
de Paiva Pereira ◽  
de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Szejnfeld ◽  
Araújo Martini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Records

Vitamin D is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and optimizing bone health. Its inadequacy is related to many factors including dietary intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum 25(OH)D and its relationship with nutrient intakes in postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study comprised 45 free-living and assisted elderly at São Paulo Hospital. Three-day dietary records were used to assess dietary intakes. Bone mineral density was measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). Blood and urine sample were collected for analysis of biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism. Insufficiency of vitamin D was observed in 24.4% of the women and optimal levels (≥ 50 nmol/L) were observed in 75.6%. Parathyroid hormone was above the reference range in 51% of the participants. The mean calcium (724 mg/day) and vitamin D (4.2 μ g/day) intakes were lower than the value proposed by The Food and Nutrition Board and sodium intake was more than two-fold above the recommendation. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with sodium intake. Dietary strategies to improve serum vitamin D must focus on increasing vitamin D intake and should take a reduction of sodium intake into consideration.

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