Kooiichthys jono n. gen. n. sp., a primitive catfish (Teleostei, Siluriformes) from the marine Miocene of southern South America

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de las Mercedes Azpelicueta ◽  
Alberto Luis Cione ◽  
Mario Alberto Cozzuol ◽  
Juan Marcos Mirande
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Sea Lion ◽  
The West ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Weberian Apparatus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Colony Area

AbstractA specimen of a remarkable new catfish genus and species was collected in middle/late Miocene marine beds of the Puerto Madryn Formation at the base of the marine cliff of the sea lion colony area near Puerto Pirámide, southern coast of Península Valdés, northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Siluriforms (catfishes) constitute a most important monophyletic ostariophysan group of mainly freshwater fishes that occurs in almost all continents but it is especially diverse in South America. Catfishes are presently distributed in tropical to temperate areas and a small number of species are marine or amphibiotic. The new catfish shows many primitive features for catfishes in the maxilla, autopalatine, hyal elements, and Weberian apparatus. The genus is clearly distinguished by four autapomorphies: sand clock–shaped autopalatine, posterior limb of autopalatine widening strongly, post-articular arm of autopalatine longer, and a metapterygoid longer than broad. One tree was obtained both under equal and implied weighting with the following topology: a basal polytomy in the Siluriformes formed by Diplomystidae, Bachmanniidae, Kooiichthys and the Siluroidei. The new species appears to have been a marine or amphibiotic taxon: it was collected in beds considered to represent the Maximum Flooding Horizon of the transgression that deposited the Puerto Madryn Formation. The coast at this moment was at approximately 90 km to the west. According to faunistic evidence, the sea was warm temperate.

Foliar habit in mistletoe–host associations

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Glatzel ◽  
Hanno Richter ◽  
Mohan Prasad Devkota ◽  
Guillermo Amico ◽  
Sugwang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Nutrient Conservation ◽  
Large Vessels ◽  
Host Associations

Foliar habit in parasite–host associations of mistletoes and trees is a neglected aspect in the discussion of foliar habit of woody plants. Almost all of the world’s mistletoe species are evergreen, regardless of the foliar habit of their hosts. Deciduous mistletoes are rare and confined to the northern fringes of Loranthaceae in Eurasia, and to Misodendraceae and the monotypic genus Desmaria (Loranthaceae) in southern South America. There are no deciduous mistletoes in the tropics and subtropics. Based on existing information and hypotheses on foliar habit, we asked why the majority of mistletoe species is evergreen, even on deciduous hosts, and why seasonality is apparently no driver for the evolution of deciduousness in parasite–host systems. We postulate that nutrient conservation is the main driver for evergreenness in mistletoes. Based on our own observations of wood anatomy in the host–haustorium–mistletoe continuum we hypothesize that the phenomenon of deciduousness in northerly Loranthus species is a consequence of interrupted water supply in large vessels after frost. In South America we could not find a consistent correlation between wood anatomy and deciduousness. We assume that deciduousness in these mistletoes evolved long ago in Antarctic forests under climatic and ecological conditions quite different from today.

New synonyms of Philonotis polymorpha (Bartramiaceae, Bryophyta) from Southern South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOLEDAD JIMENEZ ◽  
GUILLERMO M. SUÁREZ
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Subantarctic Islands ◽  
Acuminate Apex ◽  
Wet Rocks ◽  
Almost All

Philonotis polymorpha (Müller 1883: 79) Kindberg (1889: 79) is a circumsubantarctic species recorded for almost all subantarctic islands, central and southern Chile and Argentina (Ochyra et al., 2008; Müller, 2009; Bednarek-Ochyra, 2014). It was first described as Bartramia polymorpha Müll. Hal. based on specimens collected on Îles Kerguelen by Naumann in 1874, and subsequently transferred to Philonotis (Bridel 1827: 15) by Kindberg (1889). It is a medium sized plant, yellowish-green to reddish-brown below, commonly found growing sterile on wet rocks or soil in forests, near rivers and waterfalls. Diagnostic characters of this species are the dimorphic leaves, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, the abruptly short-acuminate apex, margins plane, serrate at the apex, entire at the base, the excurrent, robust and well defined costae, ending in a mucro, and the papillae projecting at proximal angles of laminal cells. The variability in the leaf morphology led to the description for many taxa along the history (Ochyra et al., 2008). Recently, Bednarek-Ochyra (2014) proposed Philonotis tenella Kaalaas (1912: 109) from Îles Crozet, as a new synonym of P. polymorpha, completing with these results the range of this species in the subantarctic islands. 

The migration and evolution of floras in the southern hemisphere

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Raven
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

As modern groups of angiosperms have appeared over a period of more than 80 million years, the relative position of the southern continents has changed. For the First 20 m.y. of this period, opportunities for migration were good between Africa and Europe, and this constituted the main pathway for migration between the northern and southern hemispheres. South America progressively moved away from Africa and towards North America over the past 90 m.y. Southern South America and Australasia shared a rich, warm temperate rainforest flora until about 40 m.y. ago. The development of modern climates during the past 10 m.y. has set up modern patterns of vegetation.

scholarly journals The American genera of Simaroubaceae and their distribution

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W Thomas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The West ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Northern South America

A review of the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamilies of Simaroubaceae is presented and the distribution patterns of the American genera are discussed. Engler's six subfamilies are evaluated and the three subfamilies represented in the Americas and their included genera are discussed in detail. The eight American genera fall into three broad distributional categories: widely distributed throughout the neotropics, limited to northern South America, and disjunct between the West Indies, Central America and Mexico and southern South America. These distributions are discussed and interpreted.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman dan Potensi Lobster (Malacostraca: Palinuridae) di Pantai Pameungpeuk, Garut Selatan, Jawa Barat

Biosfera ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Rianta Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Ovigerous Female ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Lobster Fishery ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Coral shrimp (Panulirus spp.) or known as lobster is a potential fishery commodity and economic value. The demand for domestic and export market continues to increase both as local consumption and export. Indonesia is the largest lobster fishery producer in almost all Indonesian waters, from the west coast of Sumatra to the east coast Jayapura, one of which is Pameungpeuk beach, South Garut, West Java. As a result of increasing demand, fishermen try to catch as many lobsters and the impact of lobster prices also in creases and whereas fishermen continuously take it from nature. This study was conducted to determine the diversity and potential of lobster species especially living in high wavy waters along the southern coast of Garut (Pamengpeuk), West Java.The results of observation are only three types of crayfish, namely: a. Panulirus homarus (green lobster sand); b. Panulirus longipes (lobster flower/ red lobster) and Panulirus versicolor (green lobster/bamboo); is most commonly found in the area of south Garut, Pameungpeuk beach with high and strong waves. The percentage of female P longipes species (42.88%) was higher compared to male P. homarus (40%) and ovigerous female of P. versicolor (37.14%). While the sexual ratio between P. homarus (1:2.0:2.0); P. longipes (1:1.2:1.0) and P. versicolor: 1:1.2:1.2  which statistically showed significantly different p <0.05.

Updated catalog and generic keys of the Leiodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region (“Latin America”: Mexico, the West Indies, and Central and South America)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4741 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEWART B. PECK ◽  
PEDRO GNASPINI ◽  
ALFRED F. NEWTON
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New Records ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Far North ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Nearctic Region

This paper presents an updated catalog of all taxa of Leiodidae (s.lat.) reported from the Neotropical Region. Keys are presented for the identification of all subfamilies, tribes, and 62 described genera. Three undescribed genera are included in the keys. A total of 600 valid named species are listed, with type localities, type depositories, synonyms, distributions, and biologies where known, and some unnamed species as recorded in the literature. Many species remain to be described. In this work we formally establish no new synonyms and no new combinations although we may indicate the existence of these; but we add new records for described species, and we make spelling corrections of scientific names, when appropriate. A brief review of distribution patterns is given. The fauna has been derived partly from some Nearctic elements that have penetrated as far south as Bolivia. A few genera in the Neotropical element have penetrated the Nearctic Region as far north as the northern U.S.A. or southeastern Canada. Most of the Neotropical genera are autochthonous. In southern South America there is a diverse Neo-Austral fauna with clear “Transantarctic” relationships to Australia and New Zealand and weakly to southern Africa. Some genera variously occur on other continents. 

Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Morteza Karimi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

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