Associations between Practitioner Personality and Client Quit Rates in Smoking Cessation Behavioural Support Interventions

Introduction:There is wide variation in the success rates of practitioners employed to help smokers to stop, even once a range of potential confounding factors has been taken into account.Aim:This paper examined whether personality characteristics of practitioners might play a role success rates.Methods:Data from 1,958 stop-smoking treatment episodes in two stop-smoking services (SSS) involving 19 stop-smoking practitioners were used in the analysis. The outcome measure was clients’ biochemically verified quit status 4 weeks after the target quit date. The five dimensions of personality, as assessed by the Ten-Item Personality Inventory, were included as predictor variables: openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism. A range of client and other practitioner characteristics were used as covariates. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine if managers' ratings of practitioner personality were also associated with clients’ quit status.Results:Multi-level random intercept models indicated that clients of practitioners with a higher extraversion score had greater odds of being abstinent at four weeks (self-assessed: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01–1.19; manager-assessed: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.21–1.44).Conclusions:More extraverted stop smoking practitioners appear to have greater success in advising their clients to quit smoking. Findings need to be confirmed in larger practitioner populations, other SSS, and in different smoking cessation contexts. If confirmed, specific training may be needed to assist more introverted stop smoking practitioners.

Download Full-text

Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial Using Best-Selling Smoking-Cessation Book

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556131709600701 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 258-263

Author(s):

James P. Foshee ◽

Anita Oh ◽

Adam Luginbuhl ◽

Joseph Curry ◽

William Keane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Our prospective, randomized, controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the self-help book, The Easy Way to Stop Smoking, by Allen Carr, in promoting smoking cessation in patients with head and neck cancer. We assessed active smokers for their willingness to read a smoking cessation book. Participants were randomized to either receive the book from our department or recommended to purchase the book. All patients received smoking cessation counseling at recruitment. Phone surveys were conducted at short- and long-term intervals to determine if the patients had purchased and/or read the book and whether they were still smoking. One hundred twelve patients were recruited, 52 of whom completed follow-up surveys. Those who received the book for free were more likely to read the book (p = 0.05). Reading the book did not correlate with successful smoking cessation (p = 0.81). Some 26% of the 27 patients who received the book quit smoking compared with 32% of the 25 patients who were recommended the book (p = 0.76). Patients who indicated motivation to quit smoking were more likely to succeed. In our study, smoking cessation did not appear to be influenced by reading The Easy Way to Stop Smoking. Despite 80.8% of the cohort indicating at least a readiness to quit smoking at recruitment, only 28.8% of patients managed to achieve successful smoking cessation at long-term follow-up. Patient motivation remains an important factor in achieving long-term smoking abstinence. Quitting smoking remains a daunting challenge for patients, with multiple interventions likely needed to achieve cessation.

Download Full-text

Empowered to stop smoking: The impact of a SDT smoking cessation intervention on economically disadvantaged whites and blacks

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.1012 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 1012-1012

Author(s):

C. D. Figueroa-Moseley ◽

G. C. Williams ◽

G. R. Morrow ◽

P. Jean-Pierre ◽

J. Carroll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Usual Care ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Smoking Behaviors ◽

The Impact

1012 Background: Few studies have examined the potential influence of an empowering Self Determination Theory (SDT) intervention on reducing smoking behaviors and outcomes for Whites and Blacks. Objectives: To determine if empowerment to stop smoking is associated with smoking outcomes in Whites and Blacks, and to examine if empowerment to stop smoking improved under the SDT Intervention vs. Usual Care conditions. Methods: A longitudinal randomized trial study was conducted to examine the effect of a SDT and health behavior change intervention for tobacco cessation among adult smokers. Participants were randomized into the SDT Intervention or the Usual Care condition. The present study includes data from a sample of 821 Whites and 177 Blacks who completed anonymous surveys at 1, 6, and 18-months intervals on empowerment to stop smoking (Perceived Competence Scale, Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire), demographics, and smoking behaviors. Results: Stepwise logistic regressions showed that empowerment to stop smoking was associated with quitting smoking at 1, 6, and 18 month follow-up for both treatment conditions. At one month, participants in the SDT Intervention with the highest levels of empowerment were 6.3 times more likely to quit smoking as compared with those in the usual care condition who were only 3.15 times as likely to quit smoking. Similar findings were found at 6 months and at 18 months (6- month SDT Intervention Empowerment High: (OR = 8.66, 95% C.I. 4.6, 16.3); 6 month Usual Care Empowerment High: (OR = 3.10, 95% C.I. 1.4, 7.0); 18- month SDT Intervention Empowerment High: (OR = 4.10, 95% C.I. 2.2, 7.5); 18 month Usual Care Empowerment High: (OR = 3.11, 95% C.I. 1.3, 7.7). In the SDT Intervention at 6 months being Black increased successful quitting by 2.4 times. Conclusions: Findings indicate that at each time-point the SDT Intervention empowered more participants to stop smoking than usual care alone. Findings also suggest that Blacks may increase their ability to stop smoking in the SDT Intervention condition. These preliminary findings highlight the need to further investigate the possible roles of empowerment interventions in smoking cessation among Whites and Blacks, especially cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Download Full-text

Smoking cessation counselling practices of family physicians in Jordan

The Journal of Smoking Cessation ◽

10.1017/jsc.2013.5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mousa Abdullah Alomari ◽

Yousef Saleh Khader ◽

Ali Shakir Dauod ◽

Khaled Adel Abu-Hammour ◽

Adi Harbi Khassawneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Nicotine Patch ◽

Family Physicians ◽

Smoking Cessation Counselling ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Self Help ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Two Factors ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Objectives: To assess the smoking cessation counselling practices of family physicians in Jordan and assess their perception about the availability of smoking cessation resources and about the barriers to effective smoking cessation practices. Methods: A pre-structured questionnaire was distributed to 124 family physicians practicing in teaching and Ministry of Health medical centres in Jordan. All participants were asked about their smoking cessation practices and about the barriers to effective smoking cessation practices. Results: Only 39.8% reported that they assess the willingness of the patients to quit smoking and 28.2% reported that they discuss counselling options with smokers. Considerably fewer percentages of physicians reported that they prepare their patients for withdrawal symptoms (11.6%), discuss pharmacotherapies (4.9%), describe a nicotine patch (5.0%), and provide patients with self-help materials (6.7%). The two factors cited most often by physicians as significant barriers to smoking cessation counselling were lack or too few available cessation programmes (90.3%) and limited training for physicians on tobacco and cessation interventions (90.3%). Conclusion: While a high proportion of Jordanian family physicians reported that they usually ask patients about smoking status and advise them to stop smoking, they do not regularly provide extensive assistance to help their patients to quit smoking. Lack or too few available cessation programmes and limited training for physicians on smoking cessation interventions were identified as the two major barriers to effective smoking cessation counselling.

Download Full-text

Correlation Between The Knowledge On Health Effects Of Smoking And Motivation On Smoking Cessation In Ex-Smokers Of Lung Department Patients, Siloam General Hospital, Lippo Village.

Medicinus ◽

10.19166/med.v8i2.3435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Clarinda Wong ◽

Brian Lucas ◽

Veli Sungono ◽

Andree Kurniawan ◽

Allen Widysanto

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

General Hospital ◽

Health Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Motivation To Quit ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Motivation To Quit Smoking

Introduction: Data from WHO showed that deaths caused by tobacco reaches approximately ± 6 million deaths annually. There are many information about the danger of smoking which spreading from various sources. The level of knowledge about the danger of smoking can be associated with motivation to stop smoking. Therefore, motivation toward smoking cessation arises if someone knows the benefits that can be taken, through an adequate knowledge.Aim: To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge on the health effects of smoking with motivation to stop smoking in ex-smokers of lung department patients at Siloam General Hospital, Lippo Village.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, analyzing 138 ex-smokers of Siloam General Hospital’s lung department patients using consecutive sampling techniques.Results: the results showed 73.2% of people have good knowledge about the danger of smoking and 26.8% are not. Then, 58% of people have high motivation to stop smoking and 42% have low motivation. The results of statistical test using Chi Square showed a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the motivation to quit smoking (OR = 4.293 [95% CI: 1,921-9,594], P<.001). The results of the multivariate logistic regression test showed educational factors (P=0.014), and the frequency of smoking (P=0.007) also influence the motivation to stop smoking.Conclusion : There’s a significant relation between knowledge about the danger of smoking and the motivation to quit smoking.

Download Full-text

Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking (YESS) study: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of adding a personalised smoking cessation intervention to a lung cancer screening programme

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e037086

Author(s):

Rachael L Murray ◽

Kate Brain ◽

John Britton ◽

Harriet D Quinn-Scoggins ◽

Sarah Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Lung Cancer Screening ◽

Link Type ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Stop Smoking

IntroductionIntegration of smoking cessation (SC) into lung cancer screening is essential to optimise clinical and cost effectiveness. The most effective way to use this ‘teachable moment’ is unclear. The Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking study will measure the effectiveness of an SC service integrated within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial (YLST) and will test the efficacy of a personalised SC intervention, incorporating incidental findings detected on the low-dose CT scan performed as part of YLST.Methods and analysisUnless explicitly declined, all smokers enrolled in YLST will see an SC practitioner at baseline and receive SC support over 4 weeks comprising behavioural support, pharmacotherapy and/or a commercially available e-cigarette. Eligible smokers will be randomised (1:1 in permuted blocks of random size up to size 6) to receive either an enhanced, personalised SC support package, including CT scan images, or continued standard best practice. Anticipated recruitment is 1040 smokers (January 2019–December 2020). The primary objective is to measure 7-day point prevalent carbon monoxide (CO) validated SC after 3 months. Secondary outcomes include CO validated cessation at 4 weeks and 12 months, self-reported continuous cessation at 4 weeks, 3 months and 12 months, attempts to quit smoking and changes in psychological variables, including perceived risk of lung cancer, motivation to quit smoking tobacco, confidence and efficacy beliefs (self and response) at all follow-up points. A process evaluation will explore under which circumstances and on which groups the intervention works best, test intervention fidelity and theory test the mechanisms of intervention impact.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the East Midlands-Derby Research Ethics Committee (18/EM/0199) and the Health Research Authority/Health and Care Research Wales. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals, presentation at conferences and via the YLST website.Trial registration numbersISRCTN63825779, NCT03750110.

Download Full-text

Advising Parents to Stop Smoking: Pediatricians' and Parents' Attitudes

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.91.2.296 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 296-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Barbara L. Frankowski ◽

Sheila O. Weaver ◽

Roger H. Secker-Walker

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Response Rate ◽

Smoking History ◽

Parental Age ◽

Smoking Cessation Advice ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Passive Smoke ◽

Former Smokers

Pediatricians are in a unique position to address the issues of smoking cessation with parents. Vermont pediatricians and parents of their patients were surveyed to assess attitudes about giving and receiving smoking cessation advice. A questionnaire was mailed to all pediatricians in Vermont, and 72 valid responses were received, for a response rate of 91%. Forty percent of pediatricians routinely took a smoking history from parents and 11% recorded this information in the child's chart. Most pediatricians (94%) reported advising at least 60% of smoking parents to quit, and they spent an average of 4.4 minutes doing this. Barriers to giving advice were lack of time (42%), feeling that parents did not expect advice (25%), and feeling ill at ease giving the advice (25%). Only 8.5% of pediatricians had received training in how to give smoking cessation advice, but 87% were willing to learn methods to give advice briefly. Six hundred seventy-six parents from randomly selected pediatric practices were interviewed. The average parental age was 32, and 84% were women; 49% had never smoked, 30% were former smokers, and 21% were current mokers. Current smokers were less likely to agree with statements about the adverse effects of passive smoke on children. Most parents (56%) felt that pediatricians should give quit-smoking advice to parents, and 52% of smoking parents reported that they would welcome advice. Only 30% of current smokers said advice would bother them somewhat, and 15% had more negative reactions. Parents and pediatricians agreed on the best opportunities to give quit-smoking advice. Since 91% of parents said they intended to quit smoking sometime, and since pediatrician-delivered quit-smoking advice would be acceptable to them, it would be worthwhile for pediatricians to learn methods of delivering advice succinctly.

Download Full-text

Successful Smoking Cessation in COPD: Association with Comorbidities and Mortality

Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/725024 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

H. Kupiainen ◽

V. L. Kinnula ◽

A. Lindqvist ◽

D. S. Postma ◽

H. M. Boezen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Success Rates ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Nicotine Dependency ◽

Psychiatric Conditions ◽

Enrollment Data ◽

First Time

Smoking cessation is the cornerstone of COPD management, but difficult to achieve in clinical practice. The effect of comorbidities on smoking cessation and risk factors for mortality were studied in a cohort of 739 COPD patients recruited in two Finnish University Hospitals. The diagnosis of COPD was done for the first time on average 5.5 years prior to the enrollment. Data from the medical records and followup questionnaires (years 0, 1, 2, and 4) have been analyzed. The patients’ lung function varied greatly; mean FEV158% of predicted. A total of 60.2% of men and 55.6% of women had been able to quit smoking. Alcohol abuse (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.3) and psychiatric conditions (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7) were strongly related to low success rates of quitting. Among current smokers high nicotine dependency was again explained by alcohol abuse and psychiatric conditions. Non-quitters were younger than quitters, but their mortality rates remained significantly higher even when the model was adjusted for impairment of lung functions and comorbidities. In conclusion, co-existing addiction and psychiatric diseases significantly decreased the success rates in smoking cessation and increased mortality among the patients.

Download Full-text

Feasibility and Acceptability of ‘Opt-In’ Referrals for Stop Smoking Support in Pregnancy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16081358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1358 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna Anna Campbell ◽

Sophie Orton ◽

Katharine Bowker ◽

Sue Cooper ◽

Tim Coleman

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Service Evaluation ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Additional Information ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Opt Out ◽

Stop Smoking Services ◽

Training And Support ◽

New Procedures

Background: International guidelines recommend that following an early-pregnancy ‘opt-out’ referral for smoking cessation support, pregnant women who smoke should also be offered referrals at subsequent antenatal appointments (‘opt-in’ referrals). We assessed feasibility and acceptability of introducing ‘opt-in’ self-referral forms to stop smoking services (SSS) in antenatal clinics. Method: A ‘before–after’ service evaluation and qualitative interviews. ‘Opt-in’ self-referral forms were distributed by reception staff to women attending antenatal ultrasound appointments. We collected hospital/SSS data for the study period and a comparison period 12 months prior. Reception staff were interviewed and data analyzed thematically. Results: Over 6500 women entered antenatal care in each period; ~15% smoked and ~50% of those who smoked were referred to SSS at their first appointment. In the study period, 17.4% of women completed ‘opt-in’ forms. Of these 17.3% smoked, and 23.1% of those who smoked requested a referral. The staff thought new procedures had minimal impact on workload, but were easy to forget. They believed the pathway would be better delivered by midwifery staff, with additional information/advice to improve engagement. Conclusions: ‘Opt-in’ referrals in later pregnancy result in significant numbers of women who smoke indicating interest in smoking cessation support. Additional training and support is necessary to motivate reception staff to oversee self-referral pen-and-paper procedures effectively.

Download Full-text

‘It's a bit of a grey area’: challenges faced by stop smoking practitioners when advising on e-cigarettes

The Journal of Smoking Cessation ◽

10.1017/jsc.2019.25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 44-49

Author(s):

Dayyanah Sumodhee ◽

Rachel Povey ◽

Nikolas Pontikos

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Face To Face ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Stop Smoking ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Information Safety ◽

Stop Smoking Services ◽

Inductive Thematic Analysis

AbstractIntroductionAccording to UK guidelines, stop smoking practitioners are expected to be open and supportive towards e-cigarette users. As adequate support from practitioners can be instrumental for smokers to successfully quit smoking, it is crucial to explore the challenges that stop smoking practitioners face when advising on e-cigarette use.AimThis qualitative study explores the challenges that stop smoking practitioners face when advising patients on e-cigarettes.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with 10 stop smoking practitioners from four stop smoking services in London. Face to face interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to explore practitioners' experiences when advising on e-cigarettes.FindingsTwo themes were noted: practitioners' concerns and practitioner–patient interactions. Practitioners were particularly concerned regarding the lack of information, safety issues and the maintenance of addiction linked with e-cigarettes. They emphasised the difficulty of advising on a product that they cannot prescribe. Overall, practitioners expressed the lack of confidence when advising on e-cigarettes since they were often unprepared and not able to answer patients' questions on e-cigarettes.ConclusionsStop smoking practitioners' lack of confidence and limited knowledge regarding e-cigarettes emphasises the necessity for training and guidance on e-cigarettes to improve their interactions with patients on this subject. In particular, practitioners need to be provided with clear guidance on how to counsel patients about how and where to buy e-cigarettes.

Download Full-text