Political, Social, and Cultural Capital in the Chilean Political Elite, 1990–2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Garrido-Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

ABSTRACTAlthough sociological research has examined the reproduction of Chile’s elites, there is little empirical evidence of how different forms of capital operate among them. Using datasets for members of the Chilean political elite from 1990 to 2010, this country note examines and measures the effect of political, social, and cultural capital on the access of certain individuals to strategic positions in the political field, comparing the legislative and executive branches as represented by deputies and ministers. The empirical analysis includes logit models.

The Political Agency of Billionaires

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-116
Author(s):  
Peter Hägel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
The Political ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Sociopolitical Identity ◽  
International Behavior ◽  
Analytical Tools

Chapter 4 develops arguments and hypotheses about the political agency of billionaires, in terms of capacities, goals, and power. It draws upon insights from the “structure-agency” discussion and the political sociology of elites. While all billionaires control vast amounts of money, only few of them venture into world politics. A billionaire’s motivation to act transnationally may stem from material interests or a sociopolitical identity whose commitments reach across national borders. Wealth can be a highly fungible power resource, but its activation depends on what can be purchased, which is regulated by laws and norms. Entrepreneurial success in business can foster self-efficacy beliefs as well as social and cultural capital, yet whether this can be put to use in politics is contingent upon the political field that a billionaire is trying to enter. Further analysis thus needs to take the specificities of a billionaire’s international actions into account. This chapter is developing the analytical tools for the following case studies (chapter 5), which are structured around three goals that are often assumed to drive the international behavior of states: security, wealth (economy), and esteem (social entrepreneurship).

scholarly journals Firm Size, Competition, Financing and Innovation

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina Alsharkas
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of firm size, competition and access to finance on the innovation performance of that firm. After a review of the relevant literature, three logit models are proposed and tested. The empirical analysis is based on the business environment and enterprise performance survey (BEEPS) for 1053 enterprises from twenty-six countries in years 2002 and 2005. Our results suggest a positive and statistically significant relationship between firm size and innovation. We also find a positive relationship between both competition and access to finance with innovation.

scholarly journals Empirical Evidence on the Relation between Fiscal Credibility and Central Bank Credibility: The Brazilian case

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-129
Author(s):  
Gabriel Montes ◽  
Ana Jordânia de Oliveira ◽  
Rodolfo Nicolay
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Central Bank Credibility ◽  
Brazilian Case

Abstract Since the early 1990s, several countries have adopted inflation targeting (IT). However, IT may not be sufficient to ensure fiscal discipline, and governments can still pursue irresponsible fiscal policies under IT. The adoption of irresponsible policies, which lead to a weak fiscal credibility, could undermine the credibility of the central bank. In the present study, we investigate whether a correlation between fiscal credibility and central bank credibility exists. The study contributes to the literature since it presents evidence on the relation between fiscal credibility and central bank credibility. The empirical analysis uses different econometric techniques (OLS, GMM and TOBIT). The findings suggest a positive relation between fiscal credibility and central bank credibility

scholarly journals Application of Markov Regime Switching Autoregressive Model to Gold Prices in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
Tahira Bano Qasim ◽  
Gul Zaib Iqbal ◽  
Mahmood Ul Hassan ◽  
Hina Ali
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Regime Switching ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Markov Regime Switching ◽  
Regime Switching Models ◽  
Switching Models ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The goal of this study is to investigate the performance of the Markov regime switching autoregressive (MRS-AR) model to estimate and forecast the gold prices in Pakistan. Initial analysis of the data covering from January 1995 to January 2019 reveals the existence of nonstationarity, heteroscedasticity, and structural changes. The dynamics of the data are studied in two distinct regimes. The empirical analysis provides evidence that the regime shifts are mattered and MRS-AR model is found to be suitable even in the case of nonstationarity. Moreover, it is worthwhile to note that the Markov regime switching successfully captures the nonlinearities and heteroscedasticity underlying the selected data and provides efficient forecasts. Based on empirical evidence it is recommended that the applications of regime switching models should be promoted in other fields of life.

scholarly journals Analysis of Trade Effect in Post-Tpp Era: Based on Gravity Model and Gtap Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractThe trade effect, in this article, mainly refers to the trade impacts of member countries and non-member states. This article first summarises the empirical analysis methods of trade effects of regional economic integration and then combines the methods widely used in the current research, proposes research methods suitable for Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade effect analysis, establishes models and conducts empirical analysis and then analyses empirical evidence, by which to predict the trend of post-TPP and its future influence.

Environmental Legislation Framework and Environmental Administrative Management System of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4869-4873
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Management System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Local Levels

The paper is set out to figure out the framework of the environmental legislation and the environment administration of China by the empirical analysis method. Environmental Legislation Framework of China is composed of various laws enacted by different legal authorities. Constitutions, Acts, Rules and Regulations are basic legal choices for China to carry out environmental legislation at both central and local levels. The Environmental Administrative Management Framework of China is very complex and far from perfect because of the overlap between different governmental branches at the same level. China decides to do something to solve the problem through reformation of the political mechanism.

Tourism and poverty reduction: Empirical evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Xin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This study empirically examines whether tourism affects poverty reduction based on the panel data of Chinese provinces for the period from 1999 to 2014. Using more comprehensive Foster–Greer–Thorbecke index to decompose poverty into three indices, namely, headcount ratio, poverty gap, and poverty severity, we investigate the relationship between tourism and poverty indices within a single framework. The empirical analysis indicates that tourism has a positive effect on poverty reduction and the concomitant inequality in the distribution of income among the poor could weaken the poverty reduction effect of tourism. China’s western provinces confirm a stronger relationship between tourism and poverty reduction, although the effect of tourism on poverty in the eastern provinces is nearly negligible. We also identify possible mechanisms by which tourism may have an impact on poverty. The results provide empirical evidence to provide an improved assessment of the pro-poor effect of tourism in China.

scholarly journals Market Risk Analysis of Energy in Vietnam

Risks ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Phu Tran ◽  
Thang Cong Nguyen ◽  
Duc Hong Vo ◽  
Michael McAleer
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Conditional Value At Risk ◽  
Key Industries ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and estimate market risk for the ten major industries in Vietnam. The focus of the empirical analysis is on the energy sector, which has been designated as one of the four key industries, together with services, food, and telecommunications, targeted for economic development by the Vietnam Government through to 2020. The oil and gas industry is a separate energy-related major industry, and it is evaluated separately from energy. The data set is from 2009 to 2017, which is decomposed into two distinct sub-periods after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), namely the immediate post-GFC (2009–2011) period and the normal (2012–2017) period, in order to identify the behavior of market risk for Vietnam’s major industries. For the stock market in Vietnam, the website used in this paper provided complete and detailed data for each stock, as classified by industry. Two widely used approaches to measure and analyze risk are used in the empirical analysis, namely Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR). The empirical findings indicate that Energy and Pharmaceuticals are the least risky industries, whereas oil and gas and securities have the greatest risk. In general, there is strong empirical evidence that the four key industries display relatively low risk. For public policy, the Vietnam Government’s proactive emphasis on the targeted industries, including energy, to achieve sustainable economic growth and national economic development, seems to be working effectively. This paper presents striking empirical evidence that Vietnam’s industries have substantially improved their economic performance over the full sample, moving from relatively higher levels of market risk in the immediate post-GFC period to a lower risk environment in a normal period several years after the end of the calamitous GFC.

scholarly journals SOFT REPRESSION AND MOBILIZATION: THE CASE OF TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM OF DANISH MUSLIMS DURING THE CARTOONS CONTROVERSY

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 469a-469a
Author(s):  
Lasse Lindekilde
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Transnational Activism ◽  
Boomerang Effect ◽  
The Media ◽  
Transnational Activities

This article delivers an empirical analysis of the effects of Danish Muslims' transnational activities during the Muhammad cartoons controversy in 2005–6 on subsequent Muslim claims making in Denmark. The article argues that the envisioned “boomerang effect” of the transnational activities—the attempt to put pressure on Danish authorities by contacting political and religious authorities in the Middle East—backfired on Danish Muslims. The transnational move was successfully “securitized” by elements of the media and the political elite, inviting soft forms of repression against the Muslim actors, especially those involved in the “imam delegations” that traveled to Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria in December 2005. These actors were forced into a more defensive mode of claims making soon after their return to Denmark through processes of name calling and stigmatization. Building on this case study, the article concludes by suggesting some theoretical modifications/specifications to the boomerang model of transnational activism.

scholarly journals ON THE (IN)JUSTICE OF GLOBAL SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Fabio Coacci ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Global socioeconomic inequalities are one of the greatest challenges of the contemporary era since they represent a gruesome fact for the whole of humanity. This article seeks to provide a picture of the current socioeconomic inequalities at the global level and analyze the extent to which they ought to be assessed as unjust. To pursue this aim, the article examines the empirical evidence related to the growth in global socioeconomic inequalities and critically assesses them in light of the principle of redress of morally arbitrary inequalities. The article claims that global socioeconomic inequalities are affected by two relevant problematics in both methodological and normative terms. The empirical analysis demonstrates that there is a widespread methodological nationalism that jeopardizes the discussion on socioeconomic inequalities at the global level while the critical assessment of the socioeconomic inequalities shows that their strong injustice can be defended even against the Rawlsian objections to the principle of redress of morally arbitrary inequalities.

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