scholarly journals An Uneasy Pleasure: Representing the Dangers of Skin-to-skin Contact in Eighteenth-century London ‘The William Bynum Prize Essay’

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-511
Author(s):  
Sara Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Medical Writing ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
Prize Essay

This article considers the social function of contagious disease as moderator of class relationships in England during the first half of the eighteenth century and takes into account the ways in which the ‘communicability’ of the plague, great pox (syphilis) and smallpox (variola) was used by authors to crystallise social interaction and tension along class lines. The essay begins by examining the representation of the plague, syphilis and smallpox in the medical tradition, before shifting its attention to the practice of maritime quarantine, as laid out by Richard Mead in his Short Discourse Concerning Pestilential Contagion (1720). By foregrounding medical writing on contagion through skin contact, I suggest that pornographic texts such as John Cleland’s The Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (Fanny Hill) (1748) had an interventionist function. Cleland is often charged with sanitising the true horrors of sex work in this period. This article proposes that if we take the time to appreciate the way infectious cutaneous diseases were believed to operate and spread we can recognise the moments in which he not only alludes to disease but invokes it for structural and thematic purposes. In proposing this, I am challenging the dominant interpretation that the problematic realities of eighteenth-century prostitution, especially disease, are subordinated to the narrative’s greater interest in erotic pleasure.

Beyond Metaphor

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Impartial Spectator ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Senses

Body-politic metaphors served historically as figurative vehicles to transmit assorted socio-political messages. Through an examination of the metaphors la mollesse (softness) and Adam Smith’s impartial spectator, this article will show that the language of eighteenth-century French and British writers was not simply heuristic or metaphorical. Contemporaries reacted to the growth of commerce and luxury, and the concomitant creation of new public spaces and forms of social interaction, by arguing that the corporeal mediated the social. I want to introduce the concept of corporeal sociability: cognitive physiology and the network of the senses, contemporaries argued, contained the information necessary to assess novel forms of commerce and revealed that sociability was congenitally embodied.

Particles and Eighteenth Century Concepts of Chemical Combination

1988 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair M. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Personal Satisfaction ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Mental Picture ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
The Social

In trying to understand why a chemist thought as he did, and drew one set of conclusions rather than another, probably the most important thing we need to know is what picture he had in mind of the way in which chemical reactions take place. There are, of course, many other things we need to know. For example, we need to know his social, economic and cultural circumstances, how he was educated and his ideas of the social function of science and in particular of chemistry; we need to know what scientific societies and institutions he belonged to and how they influenced him; and we need to know what he hoped to get out of his work in chemistry—fame or a living or personal satisfaction or a combination of two or three of those results. Indeed, it has become fashionable in recent years to consider those aspects rather than the nature of his actual chemical thought. Yet in the end, his mental picture of chemical change is surely the most important factor in determining what the chemist's results will be, and is therefore the most important factor for historians to understand.

scholarly journals Correlation and Predictive Ability Between Sensory Characteristics and Social Interaction of Children in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhe Zhai ◽  
Lili Fan ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Yutong Li ◽  
Xiaoxue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Level

Abstract Background: As a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder, the deficiency of social interaction and communication ability is the core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, ASD usually has sensory abnormalities, which may be an important influencing factor of social function. Here, the aim of the current study is to explore the abnormal sensory characteristics of ASD children and the correlation between social behavior. And further clarify the predictive effect of sensory expression on ASD social ability.Methods: A case-control study was conducted, with children aged 3 to 10 years including ASD and typical development (TD) as subjects. We used Short Sensory Profile (SSP) questionnaire to evaluate the sensory characteristics in ASD group and TD group. And Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was employed to assess the social function of ASD. The differences of SSP scores between two groups of children were compared, and the correlation between SSP in ASD group and SRS was further analyzed. Furthermore, by constructing random forest classification model and support vector machine classification model, the predictive ability of each perception on social level is discussed.Results: Significant differences were found between ASD children and TD children in the performance of each sensory field. The abnormal sensory rate of children in ASD group is as high as 91.4%, and 74% of them are accompanied by sensory disorders in multiple dimensions.It is worth noting that there is a significant negative correlation between the scores of ASD group children in all dimensions of SSP and the scores of SRS scale. Evaluation and comparison results of full-feature and 7-feature models show that the random forest model and SVM model with all-feature factors have higher sensitivity, while the random forest model with 7-feature factors has the highest specificity. Moreover, the maximum of area value under (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve between the four models up to 0.859, suggest that the good prediction effect of the models.Conclusion: Our results suggest autism children have obvious abnormalities in many sensory fields, and there is a significant correlation between this atypical sensory performance and social function. The social level of this group can be well predicted by their sensory characteristics.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI SOSIAL CERITA RAKYAT LEGENDA ANAK DURHAKA BATU KUTU DI KENAGARIAN SURANTIH KECAMATAN SUTERA KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Delvi Novrita ◽  
Zulfadhli Zulfadhli
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Biological Mother ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Two Stages

This study aims to describe: (1) the structure of legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu in Kenagarian Surantih, Kecamatan Sutera, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. (2) social function of legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu in Kenagarian Surantih, Kecamatan Sutera, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. This type of research is qualitative with descriptive methods. Data from this study is legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu. The data collection technique was carried out in two stages, (1) the recording stage of legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu, (2) collection of data on the storytelling environment. The results of this study can be concluded that the structure of folklore of legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu consists of: (1) the style of language, the speech style of the language used by informants is the Minang language of the Surantih dialect. The language used is easy to understand, interesting, and contains aesthetic suggestions, (2) characterization, characters in legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu consists of, the main characters, that are Puti and his two siblings and Amak, while the second characters in legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu are Puti Husband. The characterization of each character is explained physically, psychologically, and social interaction, (3) background, background found in legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu are place setting, time setting, and background setting, (4) the plot used in legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu is a conventional plot, because the story starts from the early stages, middle stage and final stage, (5) theme, the theme of legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu is the infidelity of three children to biological mother, (6) mandate, mandate in  of legend legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu, that is, as a child may not be rebellious to parents, they should not argue with what parents say, and they must not hurt their parent. The social function of folklore of legenda anak durhaka Batu Kutu in Kenagarian Surantih, Kecamatan Sutera, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, that are: (1) educating, (2) inheriting oral traditions, and (3) as group identity. Keywords: folklore, Batu Kutu, social function

scholarly journals Kayiak Beterang Ritual: The First Social Life Learning of the Serawai Girls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwit Sarwono ◽  
Ngudining Rahayu ◽  
Agus Joko Purwadi ◽  
Noermanzah
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Social World ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Museum ◽  
The Village

This article is intended to discuss a text in the ulu manuscripts, numbered MNB 07.18, preserved in the State Museum of Bengkulu. The manuscript is a bamboo log, 58 cm in length and 7.8 cm in diameter, consisting of 16 lines. The manuscript belongs to the Ser awai ethnic, originating from the village of Jambat Akar, Seluma Regency and received by the State Museum of Bengkulu on January 12, 1998. The text en titled arawan bujang ataw gadis (hereinafter caled ABG text), contains spells or incantations of kayiak bet erang social rites among the Serawai ethnic of Bengkulu. This ritual serves to establish the position of a girl to be able to enter to the social life on the laman libagh, i.e the social world of Serawai ethnic. In that world and in the social interaction, a girl is obliged to master rejung, able to andun dance and merejung as well. The social function of andun dance and merejung , among others, is to find a lover (santing) who will later become her life partner as a family and to actualize her social rig hts and obligations. The kayiak beterang rite applies to girls aged 5-7 years, the age before adolescence, or the period before getting the first menstruation. The rite is led by a midwif e covering a series of actions, that are (a) purifying, (b) traditional dressing, (c) andun dancing and merejung, (d) enjoying meals with family and invitations. The ABG text is based on the knowledge and cultural experience of the scriber and was written to recontextualize and transform the social rite of the kayiak beterang.

Lord Dacre and the Politics of the Scottish Enlightenment

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
North East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Scottish History

Hugh Trevor-Roper (Lord Dacre) made several iconoclastic interventions in the field of Scottish history. These earned him a notoriety in Scottish circles which, while not undeserved, has led to the reductive dismissal of Trevor-Roper's ideas, particularly his controversial interpretation of the Scottish Enlightenment, as the product of Scotophobia. In their indignation Scottish historians have missed the wider issues which prompted Trevor-Roper's investigation of the Scottish Enlightenment as a fascinating case study in European cultural history. Notably, Trevor-Roper used the example of Scotland to challenge Weberian-inspired notions of Puritan progressivism, arguing instead that the Arminian culture of north-east Scotland had played a disproportionate role in the rise of the Scottish Enlightenment. Indeed, working on the assumption that the essence of Enlightenment was its assault on clerical bigotry, Trevor-Roper sought the roots of the Scottish Enlightenment in Jacobitism, the counter-cultural alternative to post-1690 Scotland's Calvinist Kirk establishment. Though easily misconstrued as a dogmatic conservative, Trevor-Roper flirted with Marxisant sociology, not least in his account of the social underpinnings of the Scottish Enlightenment. Trevor-Roper argued that it was the rapidity of eighteenth-century Scotland's social and economic transformation which had produced in one generation a remarkable body of political economy conceptualising social change, and in the next a romantic movement whose powers of nostalgic enchantment were felt across the breadth of Europe.

Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-32
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Anh Thu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

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