scholarly journals DESIGN OF AND WITH SENSING MACHINE ELEMENTS - USING THE EXAMPLE OF A SENSING ROLLING BEARING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1063-1072
Author(s):  
Tobias Schirra ◽  
Georg Martin ◽  
Eckhard Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Partial Functions ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Complex Assembly ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Bearing Loads

AbstractIn this paper the development process of a sensing rolling bearing is presented, from which finally design rules for sensing machine elements are derived. In the first step, the requirements of the users are determined. It turns out user of sensing machine elements want to continue to use the advantage of the standardized machine elements and costs should not be incurred by redesign or complex assembly. With these requirements the development of the sensing rolling bearing is started, in which the different presented technologies are reviewed for their suitability regarding the requirements. With the selected technology measuring the electric rolling bearing impedance to estimate rolling bearing loads, a first prototype is developed by creating a functional structure of the product and focusing on the partial solution of the most relevant partial functions. This prototype is then tested with regard to its functionality. Finally, generalizable design rules for sensing machine elements are derived from the development.

Analysis of Design for X Methodologies for Complex Assembly Processes: A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usue Aliende Urrutia ◽  
Philip Webb ◽  
Mark Summers
Keyword(s):  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Complex Assembly ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Design For X ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Aerospace Systems

Historically, products have been developed following the “we design it, you build it” approach. Design and production belonged to two independent entities, with no feedback from downstream activities to upstream activities. In order to avoid redesign costs caused by the lack of feedback, pioneer organisations began to apply methodologies such as ‘Design for Assembly’ or ‘Design for Manufacture’ on a daily basis. Over the years, further research has been carried out to refine these generic methodologies adding previously unconsidered perspectives, such as quality, reliability, environmental, etc. which evolved into a concept called ‘Design-for-X’ (DfX). However, existing methodologies have largely focused on simply reducing product’s structural costs, without taking into consideration other important aspects of more complex assembly processes common in the aerospace industry. The complex assembly process that this paper focuses on is the systems’ installation process within the aerospace business. The installation of fuel, electrical and other systems must follow strict aerospace regulations, intra-organisational design rules, safety policies and many more restrictions, which are not considered as key factors in current methodologies. In this paper, we endeavour to provide an extensive analysis of existing DfX methodologies and support our conclusion that there is an opportunity to develop a new methodology which will ease the aerospace systems’ installation process for the shop-floor operator.

Research on Rolling Bearing Fault Monitoring System Based on LabVIEW

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 2370-2374
Author(s):  
Li Juan Shi ◽  
Chun Zhi Zhang ◽  
Jin Ying Chen ◽  
Zhao Kun Li
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Bearing Fault ◽  
Fault Monitoring ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Processing Techniques

This paper mainly introduces monitoring principle, montitoring methods and development process of hardware and software of rolling bearing fault monitoring system based on LabVIEW. The system makes full use of computer technology, data acquisition, signal analysis and processing techniques, and fault diagnosis theory to improve monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling bearing. The system also integrates the functions of traditional detecting instrument and provides a friendly man-machine interface which can display online data.

scholarly journals Dynamic Influence of Wheel Flat on Fatigue Life of the Traction Motor Bearing in Vibration Environment of a Locomotive

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5810
Author(s):  
Bingbin Guo ◽  
Zhixiang Luo ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Liu ◽  
Zaigang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Traction Motor ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Bearing Life ◽  
Bearing Loads ◽  
Wheel Flat

Wheel flat can cause a large impact between the wheel and rail and excites a forced vibration in the locomotive and track structure systems. The working conditions and fatigue life of the motor bearings are significantly affected by the intensified wheel–rail interaction via the transmission path of the gear mesh. In this study, a fatigue life prediction method of the traction motor bearings in a locomotive is proposed. Based on the L−P theory or ISO 281 combined with the Miner linear damage theory and vehicle–track coupled dynamics, the irregular loads induced by the track random irregularity and gear mesh are considered in this proposed method. It can greatly increase the accuracy of predictions compared with the traditional prediction models of a rolling bearing life whose bearing loads are assumed to be constant. The results indicate that the periodic impact forces and larger mesh forces caused by the wheel flat will reduce the fatigue life of the motor bearings, especially when the flat length is larger than 30 mm. Using this method, the effects of the flat length and relatively constant velocity of the locomotive are analyzed. The proposed method can provide a theoretical basis to guarantee safe and reliable working for motor bearings.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN POROS DAN BEARING PADA MESIN PERAJANG SINGKONG

SOSCIED ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
VINA N VAN HARLING ◽  
Herryanto Apasi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Shaft Diameter ◽  
Engine Component ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
The Moment

Cassava chopper machine is a machine that serves to help or lighten human work in the process of chopping cassava. The working process of this cassava chopper machine uses an electric motor as a drive to rotate the cassava cutter blade shaft which is connected using a pulley and belt. The shaft is a very important component in a cassava chopper machine because it functions as a successor to the power and rotation of an engine component to other machine elements. Considering that shaft functions are very important, these components must be designed and ensured to be able to work well when receiving loading and have a service life as expected. Based on the power plan data based on the calculation results obtained 0.55kW, the results of the calculation of the moment of the plan amounted to 1847 Kg.mm. Based on the calculation of the value of the shear stress obtained by 6.66 kg / mm2 while the measurement of the shaft diameter is 14.7 mm. The results of measuring the diameter of the shaft are close to the size of the shaft diameter used when making cassava chopper machines that are equal to 15 mm. After the calculation results of the shaft have been determined then to determine the bearing that will be used on the cassava chopper machine is a rolling bearing with UPC 202 type with a diameter of 15mm.

scholarly journals Vibration Responses of a Coaxial Dual-Rotor System with Supporting Misalignment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11219
Author(s):  
Hongxian Zhang ◽  
Xuejun Li ◽  
Dalian Yang ◽  
Lingli Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Moment Equation ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Bearing Loads

In order to improve the thrust-weight ratio, modern aeroengines generally adopt a coaxial dual-rotor system. Factors such as manufacturing errors, assembly errors, bearing wear, and structural deformation can cause misalignment failures in a dual-rotor system. Supporting misalignment is one of the common types of misalignments in a dual-rotor system. To analyze the vibration characteristics of misalignment faults, in this study, we aim to build a finite element model of a dual-rotor system with supporting misalignment. The bearing loads caused by supporting misalignment are calculated using the three-bending moment equation method. Bearing loads are introduced into the dynamic model of the dual-rotor system. The influence of supporting misalignment at different bearings on the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system is investigated based on the supporting misalignment model. Studies have shown that supporting misalignment at different bearings has similar effects on the dynamic characteristics of the dual-rotor system. The proposed supporting misalignment model is more adaptable than the coupling misalignment model. It indicates that the damping of a rolling bearing should be considered in the dynamic analysis of a dual-rotor system although the value of the damping is not large. An experimental analysis is carried out. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Instrumentation of a Rolling Bearing With a Thin Film Piezo Coating for Oil Film Measurement

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Dwyer-Joyce ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
B. W. Drinkwater ◽  
J. Elgoyen ◽  
K. J. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Bearing Loads ◽  
Piezoelectric Thin Film

This paper describes a novel design of oil-film monitoring sensor capable of measuring oil-film thickness in concentrated contacts. The approach is to use a thin (approx. 4 μm) sputtered coating of piezoelectric material, such as Aluminium Nitride. When correctly electroded this acts as an ultrasonic sensor with a usable bandwidth from 20–350 MHz. This sensor allows the interrogation of the small lubricated region between the ball and raceway without any special focusing requirements. Typically the dimensions of the contact region is less than a millimeter wide. This sensor system is then demonstrated experimentally on a deep groove ball bearing with the piezoelectric thin film on the external surface of the bearing outer raceway. The interaction of ultrasound with the oil-film is modeled using a quasi-static spring model and this allows properties such as film thickness to be extracted. The measured thicknesses are shown to agree well those obtained from classical elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory for the high bearing loads and low speeds where several data points can be collected from the contact during a ball passage. Measurement of oil film thickness in the region of 0.1–1 μm is demonstrated.

scholarly journals DESIGN MODIFICATION OF AN INNOVATIVE SPLIT-SINGLE TWO-STROKE ENGINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2581-2588
Author(s):  
A. Zahn ◽  
P. Diwisch ◽  
F. Rieg ◽  
B. Alber-Laukant
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Stroke Engine

AbstractA prototype of an innovative split-single two stroke engine is presented. With the aim of increasing the power-to-weight ratio for later mobile use, the individual engine components have to be revised. The focus is on the development process for the redesign of the crankcase. Through a preliminary examination of the necessary CAx systems, an iterative process chain that combines suitable synthesis and analysis tools is derived. This includes the design of the machine elements, a numerical strength verification using FEM and preparing the model for machining.

scholarly journals Tribological Investigation on the Friction and Wear Behaviors of Biogenic Lubricating Greases in Steel–Steel Contact

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Nazli Acar ◽  
José M. Franco ◽  
Erik Kuhn ◽  
David E. P. Gonçalves ◽  
Jorge H. O. Seabra
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Friction Torque ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wear Model ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Machine Element ◽  
Lubricant Analysis ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Tribological Contact

The applications of biogenic lubricating greases to machine elements play important roles in the reduction of friction energy and minimizing wear in a tribological contact, as well as the prevention of environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to investigate completely biogenic lubricating greases from a tribological point of view. Model greases were examined using a ball on a disc tribometer at a constant normal force to investigate the friction and wear process according to Fleischer’s energetic wear model. Using the energy-based wear model, the friction and wear process could be interpreted as a cause–effect sequence. Moreover, the influence of the model grease composition on the friction and wear process was analyzed. In addition, rolling bearing tests were performed to investigate the tribological behaviors of some selected biogenic greases during real machine element contact. These tests allowed for the quantification of the friction torque behavior of the full bearing and the evaluation of the wear obtained through lubricant analysis procedures. This experimental work provides useful information regarding the influence that the composition of biogenic model greases has on friction and wear behaviors in a tribological contact.

scholarly journals Fatigue lifetime calculation of wind turbine blade bearings considering blade-dependent load distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Menck ◽  
Matthias Stammler ◽  
Florian Schleich
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fatigue Lifetime ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Load Distributions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Bearing Loads ◽  
Yaw Bearing

Abstract. Rotating bearings are some of the most commonly employed machine elements. As such, they are well-understood and thoroughly researched pieces of technology. Fatigue lifetime calculation is internationally standardized through ISO 281 which is based on the assumption that loads act on a bearing under constant rotation. Blade bearings of wind turbines do not conform to this assumption, since their movement typically consists of small, repetitive oscillations. Moreover, their load distribution differs considerably over the bearing circumference, a load case for which ISO 281 refers to ISO 16281 and which requires detailed simulations of the bearing to be sufficiently precise. Aside from ISO 16281, the NREL DG03, a guideline for pitch and yaw bearing lifetime, lists two methods for incorporating bearing loads into the fatigue life calculation. This paper compares all three methods. Load distributions in the bearing are simulated and interpolated by means of a novel approach. The method from NREL DG03 which requires the least computational effort is shown to result in a much higher lifetime than the other two, which are based on internal load distributions of the bearing. The two latter methods are shown to produce very similar results. An adjustment is proposed for increasing the accuracy of that lifetime calculation method which requires the least computational effort in order to resemble the other two more closely.

Identity development process and content: Toward an integrated and contextualized science of identity.

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2009-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee V. Galliher ◽  
Deborah Rivas-Drake ◽  
Eric F. Dubow
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Development Process
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