scholarly journals HOW FAMILIARITY IMPACTS INFLUENCE IN COLLABORATIVE TEAMS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1735-1744
Author(s):  
Harshika Singh ◽  
Niccolo Becattini ◽  
Gaetano Cascini ◽  
Stanko Škec
Keyword(s):  
Team Member ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Collaborative Teams ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Familiarity Bias ◽  
The One

AbstractIndividual traits strongly impact team composition and the biases arising from them can also impact design activities. One such bias highlighted in the study is the familiarity bias (i.e., a bias that might be present between the two individuals due to their prior acquaintance). In order to detect the familiarity bias, participants from 4 universities who evaluated their peers and rated them for (1) their perceived degree of influence, (2) trust, (3) the amount of agreement they had with the other team member and (4) the amount of agreement the other individual in the team had with them. It was found that familiarity bias exists in collaborative teams. Its impact on the four variables, especially on influence, was discovered. In the end, the study briefly highlighted the importance of studying the factors (like the one revealed in this study) that affect influence in design teams as it eventually impacts design outcome. It was found that the individuals who explore most idea clusters, are less likely to be perceived influential and teams having the most influence produced a smaller number of idea clusters. Overall, the study contributes to understanding the factors affecting human cognition and behaviour in the design teams.

Hegel on the Nature of Scepticism

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar H. Heidemann
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Philosophical Method ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Early View ◽  
The One ◽  
Intrinsic Feature

In the Encyclopaedia Logic, Hegel states that ‘philosophy … contains the sceptical as a moment within itself — specifically as the dialectical moment’ (§81, Addition 2), and that ‘scepticism’ as ‘the dialectical moment itself is an essential one in the affirmative Science’ (§78). On the one hand, the connection between scepticism and dialectic is obvious. Hegel claims that scepticism is a problem that cannot be just removed from the philosophical agenda by knock-down anti-sceptical arguments. Scepticism intrinsically belongs to philosophical thinking; that is to say, it plays a constructive role in philosophical thinking. On the other hand, scepticism has to be construed as the view according to which we cannot know whether our beliefs are true, i.e., scepticism plays a destructive role in philosophy no matter what. It is particularly this role that clashes with Hegel's claim of having established a philosophical system of true cognition of the entirety of reality. In the following I argue that for Hegel the constructive and the destructive role of scepticism are reconcilable. I specifically argue that it is dialectic that makes both consistent since scepticism is a constitutive element of dialectic.In order to show in what sense scepticism is an intrinsic feature of dialectic I begin by sketching Hegel's early view of scepticism specifically with respect to logic and metaphysics. The young Hegel construes logic as a philosophical method of human cognition that inevitably results in ‘sceptical’ consequences in that it illustrates the finiteness of human understanding. By doing so, logic not only nullifies finite understanding but also introduces to metaphysics, i.e., the true philosophical science of the absolute.

scholarly journals Derivation of Criteria for Identifying Lightweight Potential – A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2677-2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Laufer ◽  
Daniel Roth ◽  
Hansgeorg Binz
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Design Case ◽  
The One

AbstractLightweight potential is a powerful indicator – but not as powerful as it could be. Current methods for analyzing a product's potential to be reduced in mass only deal with a few of the most important criteria for lightweight design. The amount of literature dealing with lightweight design is significant, yet it can help to understand these versatile criteria. Firstly, the literature on this topic will therefore be reviewed to derive a broad set of criteria used in contemporary lightweight design. Secondly, a further review will reveal the criteria used to derive lightweight potential. Subsequently, both sets will be compared to identify the missing criteria used for the derivation of lightweight potential. This will support designers in two ways. On the one hand, matching and combining both criteria sets will enable the most representative criteria for a particular design case to be chosen, thus leading to a more comprehensible derivation of lightweight potential. On the other hand, the combination set will provide a basis for designers and design teams to refine their understanding of their own motivations for conducting lightweight design.

Urban Native Food in Johannesburg

Africa ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Free Play ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The One

There are two factors affecting the diet of urban Natives: on the one hand there is the expansive influence of assimilation to and adoption of European food habits, and on the other hand there is active a restrictive influence in the shape of poverty. The urban Native, through his close contact with European culture which residence in an urban environment inevitably entails, has been introduced to an extraordinarily wide range of new foodstuffs and new ways of preparing food. Consequently the range of his food desires has been much increased. But his desires are not allowed free play among this new and wide selection. The factor which narrows down his choice and curbs his desire is his poverty. The urban Native eats according to the capacity of his pocket and his food is usually the first item of expenditure which is marked out for especial economy.

Das Maßlose Begreifen. Gott als Gegenstand der Theologie bei vier scholastischen Autoren (13./14. Jahrhundert)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-175
Author(s):  
Florian Wöller
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Proper Subject

AbstractThis article examines four medieval views on the subject of theology. Thomas Aquinas, Giles of Rome, John Duns Scotus, and Peter Auriol were all confronted with an idea based on Aristotle’s theory of knowledge according to which any scientific discipline is unified by its proper subject. In defining this subject of theology, however, the theologians had to confront one thorny problem: God, whom they considered to be the subject of theology, cannot be grasped by any concept accessible to the human mind. In their respective discussions, two distinct strategies to solving this puzzle emerged. Aquinas and Giles, on the one hand, argued for a concept proportionate to human cognition. This concept or ratio functioned as a placeholder for the quidditative concept of God. Scotus and Auriol, on the other hand, elaborated on a concept which they believed grasped God’s quiddity, albeit in a somewhat approximative way. Their theories, therefore, figure as attempts to find a concept, that is, the concept of being, that in itself was as boundless as to grasp God’s immensity.

Metamorphoses of Form (Goethe)

Forms of Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 123-188
Author(s):  
Andreas Gailus
Keyword(s):  
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Normative Force ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
The One

This chapter discusses Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and the metamorphoses of form. Goethe's biological and literary writings of the 1790s radicalize Kant's insights. On the one hand, he emphasizes the “metamorphic” fluidity of both natural forms and human cognition; on the other, he stresses the erotic and social dimension of subjectivity. For Goethe, human life is singularly precarious because it is subject to libidinal investments and the unruliness of the imagination. To develop properly, human life must therefore be regularized by social forms that (re)direct its innate vitality — it must assume a second-order, socialized naturalness. Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship associates the creation of this second nature with liberal forms of governing, depicting liberalism's normative force as a necessary, if at times violent, supplement to human life. With Goethe, vitalism opens itself to biopower.

scholarly journals Ciała pozbawiane powierzchni. Imago

Schulz/Forum ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Stanisław Rosiek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Made In

Both drawings (the one from the first page of the fascicle and the other from the outer side of the cover) show two degrees, two stages of the decomposition of form. In the same process, bodies lose their integrity. They were shown by Schulz as a series of leaping aspects which are disconnected, hence discontinuous. The drawings were made in the 1930s. The beginning of the draughtsman’s development did not anticipate such a great catastrophe of bodily forms. In his works from the second and in part also third decade of the 20th century Schulz defined human figures precisely and unambiguously. Then, however, the proud poses which he took when drawing himself (e. g., in his narcissistic Lvov portrait) or other figures (Budracka or Weingarten) probably could not be repeated. In the final decade of his life (and artistic activity) Schulz was drawing differently, perhaps because he perceived himself and the others in a different way. The body? The draughtsman presents it as just a cluster of vibrating lines. A self-portrait? It is possible only as a psychological study, an exaggerated caricature that stresses individual traits or an icon of oneself (the big head with a hat on top, a small size). In hundreds of compulsive sketches drawn in the 1930s even those principles were not respected any more. The bodies that Schulz drew then, no matter if it was his own body or someone else’s, often approach a boundary behind which there is only trembling. Displacement and movement. Schulz’s sketches do not search for form. They are testimonies of its destruction or maybe better, its palpitation, solution and scattering. For the eye, the body is a phenomenon of the surface. It is only the reduction of distance in an act of love (or aggression) or even a common handshake that change that state. Perhaps then the problem of Schulz’s representation of the body is reduced to perception. The drawn body has no smell or weight (or taste – it is not “meaty”). One cannot even touch it. A hand that makes an attempt to touch naked women, who in Schulz’s drawings take majestic and provocative poses, touches only a sheet of paper. The drawn body exists just for the eye. Thus the last chance for the existing body is keeping its surface. Why is it then that the body from Schulz’s late drawings loses its integrity, why does it so often fall apart under our eyes? What is the body for Schulz-the draughtsman and Schulz-the writer? How does he experience his own corporeality? How does he see himself? How do others see him?

scholarly journals Influencia de los factores involucrados en la evaluación de asignaturas técnicas = Influence of the factor involved in the evaluation of technical subject

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Juan Moure Martín ◽  
Adolfo Terán Carrasco ◽  
Pilar Gómez Sanz ◽  
María Isabel Prieto Barrio
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Compulsory Subject

ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia de los diferentes factores que afectan a la evaluación de las asignaturas técnicas y su influencia sobre el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Para ello se han analizado los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación de la asignatura “Resistencia de Materiales y Elasticidad”, materia obligatoria de 6 créditos ECT, tipo I impartida en el cuarto semestre del grado de Edificación de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.Como respuesta al objetivo planteado, cabe destacar que la percepción de la asignatura por parte de los alumnos y el sistema de evaluación son factores determinantes en la motivación del alumno, puesto que obtienen mejores calificaciones los estudiantes que tienen una visión más favorable de la asignatura. Por otro lado, el tipo de evaluación realizado tiene una influencia decisiva sobre las calificaciones obtenidas y sobre la manera de afrontar el aprendizaje, siendo la evaluación continua la mejor forma de impulsar el trabajo de los estudiantes y la que más fácilmente les permite adquirir las competencias.AbstractThe objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of the different factors affecting the evaluation gives technical subjects and their influence on student learning. For this purpose, we have analyzed the results obtained in the evaluation of the subject "Resistance of Materials and elasticity", a compulsory subject of 6 credits ECT, type I provided in the fourth semester of grade of Building of the Polytechnic University of Madrid.In response to the stated objective, it should be noted that the perception of the subject and its evaluation system are determining factors in the student's motivation, since students who have a more favorable vision of the subject obtain better grades. On the other hand, the type of evaluation carried out has a decisive influence on the qualifications obtained and on the way of facing the learning, being the continuous assessment the best way to promote the work of the students and the one that more easily allows them to acquire the competences.

scholarly journals Divine and angelic cognition in St. Thomas Aquinas

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Predrag Milidrag
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Future Contingents ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Summa Theologiae ◽  
Structural Symmetry ◽  
The One ◽  
Active Intellect

In the first part of the Summa theologiae St. Thomas Aquinas analyzes the cognition in God, angels and human beings; he does that by comparing and juxtaposing them. On the one side, the questions concerning divine cognition, such as the identity of the divine cognition and the divine substance, its nondiscursivity, its scope or future contingents are considered in the articles dedicated to the angels. On the other side, the proper characteristics of the human cognition in the part of the Summa on human soul, such as the active intellect, lack of inborn intelligible species, the inductive procedure in the abstracting from sense cognition, the cognition of the particulars, those problems are analyzed in the part on angelic cognition too. So, there is a structural symmetry of corresponding questions in the Summa on divine, angelic and human cognition.

The dark side of e-petitions? Exploring anonymous signatures

First Monday ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Berg
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Anonymous Signatures ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This paper analyzes anonymous political participation in the form of e-petition signing. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge about patterns behind anonymous e-petition signing. Since online political participation evokes an important discussion about the balance between the need for transparency on the one hand, and the right for anonymity on the other hand, it is crucial to increase our knowledge of the factors affecting citizens’ choices to remain anonymous. Using quantitative content analysis of 220 informal e-petitions on the site adressit.com in Finland, this study seeks to find possible determinants for the share of anonymous signatures. Findings indicate that the type of demand presented in the e-petition is a key factor predicting the share of anonymous signatures.

Media and Cognition

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-273
Author(s):  
Sébastien de la Fosse ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The One

While throughout history, knowledge and information have been mostly bound in language and text, new twenty-first-century media increasingly tend to break with this tradition of linear sequentiality. This paper will present an account of how this development may be explained by a relationship between the use of digital technologies on the one hand, and the (human) user’s cognitive processes on the other. This will be done by, first, outlining two existing conceptions of human cognition and, subsequently, by confronting these with observations in the field of philosophy of media, most prominently the position of Marshall McLuhan.

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