scholarly journals Diversity, Trust and Conformity: a Simulation Study

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Sina Fazelpour ◽  
Daniel Steel
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Normative Expectations

Abstract Previous simulation models have found positive effects of cognitive diversity on group performance, but have not explored effects of diversity in demographics (e.g., gender, ethnicity). In this paper, we present an agent-based model that captures two empirically supported hypotheses about how demographic diversity can improve group performance. The results of our simulations suggest that, even when social identities are not associated with distinctive task-related cognitive resources, demographic diversity can, in certain circumstances, benefit collective performance by counteracting two types of conformity that can arise in homogeneous groups: those relating to group-based trust and those connected to normative expectations towards in-groups.

The romance of working together: Benefits of gender diversity on group performance in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
LiWen Hou
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
And Task

The authors examine cross-cultural differences in the effects of gender diversity on group identification and performance using workgroups from American and Chinese firms. Nationality is found to moderate the relationship between gender diversity and group identification in that gender diversity associates more positively with group identification in Chinese workgroups than in American workgroups. Nationality does not moderate the gender diversity–group performance relationship: although the Chinese sample shows a positive association between gender diversity and group performance, the American sample shows no association. A second longitudinal study explores the mechanisms of relationship conflict and task conflict by which gender diversity benefits group performance in China. Results show that gender-diverse groups perform better than homogeneous groups by decreasing relationship conflict and task conflict. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed.

Agents in bioinformatics

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL LUCK ◽  
EMANUELA MERELLI
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Information Agents ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of

The scope of the Technical Forum Group (TFG) on Agents in Bioinformatics (BIOAGENTS) was to inspire collaboration between the agent and bioinformatics communities with the aim of creating an opportunity to propose a different (agent-based) approach to the development of computational frameworks both for data analysis in bioinformatics and for system modelling in computational biology. During the day, the participants examined the future of research on agents in bioinformatics primarily through 12 invited talks selected to cover the most relevant topics. From the discussions, it became clear that there are many perspectives to the field, ranging from bio-conceptual languages for agent-based simulation, to the definition of bio-ontology-based declarative languages for use by information agents, and to the use of Grid agents, each of which requires further exploration. The interactions between participants encouraged the development of applications that describe a way of creating agent-based simulation models of biological systems, starting from an hypothesis and inferring new knowledge (or relations) by mining and analysing the huge amount of public biological data. In this report we summarize and reflect on the presentations and discussions.

scholarly journals ABWiSE v1.0: Toward and Agent-Based Approach to Simulating Wildfire Spread

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Katan ◽  
Liliana Perez
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
Wildfire Simulation ◽  
Behaviour Simulation

Abstract. Wildfires are a complex phenomenon emerging from interactions between air, heat, and vegetation, and while they are an important component of many ecosystems’ dynamics, they pose great danger to those ecosystems, and human life and property. Wildfire simulation models are an important research tool that help further our understanding of fire behaviour and can allow experimentation without recourse to live fires. Current fire simulation models fit into two general categories: empirical models and physical models. We present a new modelling approach that uses agent-based modelling to combine the complexity found in physical models with the ease of computation of empirical models. Our model represents the fire front as a set of moving agents that respond to, and interact with, vegetation, wind, and terrain. We calibrate the model using two simulated fires and one real fire, and validate the model against another real fire and the interim behaviour of the real calibration fire. Our model successfully replicates these fires, with a Figure of Merit on par with simulations by the Prometheus simulation model. Our model is a stepping-stone in using agent-based modelling for fire behaviour simulation, as we demonstrate the ability of agent-based modelling to replicate fire behaviour through emergence alone.

scholarly journals Collective experience of inclusion, diversity, and performance in work groups

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo M. Ferdman ◽  
Avi Avigdor ◽  
Deborah Braun ◽  
Jennifer Konkin ◽  
Daniel Kuzmycz
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Multiple Identity ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Experience Of Inclusion ◽  
Inclusion And Diversity

This conceptual paper addresses the presumed interactive effects of work group inclusion and diversity on work group performance. Building on prior theory and research focusing on individual-level inclusion, we put forth the construct of collective experience of inclusion, the aggregated degree to which members of a group feel valued by, engaged with, and able to express themselves authentically within their work group, both as individuals and as members of multiple identity groups. We propose that collective experience of inclusion will be positively associated with indicators of the group's performance. This relationship, we further propose, will be moderated by the diversity of the group's membership, such that, as diversity increases, the positive effects of the collective experience of inclusion on performance will be enhanced. Finally, we propose that variation in the degree to which individuals experience inclusion in the group, as assessed with an index of dispersion in the experience of inclusion, will further moderate this effect, and attenuate the positive interactive effects of collective experience of inclusion and diversity on performance.

The impact of future cities on commuting patterns: An agent-based approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1096
Author(s):  
Marcello Marini ◽  
Anna P Gawlikowska ◽  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Ndaona Chokani ◽  
Hubert Klumpner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Over the next 35 years, the population of Switzerland is expected to grow by 25%. One possible way to accommodate this larger population is to transform smaller cities in Switzerland through the direct intervention of urban planners. In this work, we integrate agent-based simulation models of people flow, mobility and urban infrastructure with models of the electricity and gas systems to examine the increase of the density of existing residential zones and the creation of new workplaces and commercial activities in these urban areas. This novel simulation framework is used to assess, for the year 2050, two different scenarios of urbanization in a region with small urban areas. It is shown that a densification scenario, with a preference for multi-dwelling buildings, consumes 93% less land than a sprawl scenario, with a preference for single-family houses. The former scenario also accommodates 27% more people than the latter scenario, as there is a higher penetration of battery electric vehicles – and therefore reduced air pollution from the transportation sector – and also a larger shift of commuters to the use of public transport. However, in the former scenario, the commuting time is 20% longer. The outcome of this work demonstrates how this novel simulation framework can be used to support the formulation of policies that can direct the transformation of urban areas.

Scoping the Future with Theory-Driven Models—Where’s the Uncertainty?: Commentary on Lustick and Tetlock 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Strategic Intelligence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Policy Decision Making ◽  
Rich Data

Lustick and Tetlock outline an intellectually ambitious approach to scoping the future. They are particularly interested in sectors of national security and foreign policy decision-making that require anticipatory strategic intelligence that is difficult to produce because there is insufficient data, even if relevant theories are available. They propose that in these theory-rich/data-impoverished cases, there can be great value in developing agent-based simulation models that incorporate probabilistic rules that cohere with postulates of the theory or theories that are brought to bear on the intelligence challenge. This is the gist of the “simulation manifesto.” The aim of this commentary is to focus on the assessment and representation of key uncertainties in such models and I outline several ways in which uncertainty may arise in the process of simulation model construction.

Team and Individual Interactions With Reciprocity in Individual Knowledge Sharing

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Lee Endres ◽  
Sanjib Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Ability Perceptions

The study investigated the effects of expected reciprocity on knowledge sharing, as moderated by team and individual variables. Data (n = 84) were collected in an experimental study from undergraduate business student participants. The effects of expected reciprocity on knowledge sharing depend on the levels of individual competence, positive team attitudes, functional diversity, and demographic diversity. Implications include that the effectiveness of reciprocity in knowledge sharing depends on several factors relating to the team and individual. Encouraging reciprocity may have positive effects, but these can be overridden by poor team attitudes, low ability perceptions, and team diversity. Future research suggestions are offered.

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