Characteristics of Adaptation Period for Extrauterine Life of Neonates from Multiple Pregnancies

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
M. Mikulska ◽  
B. Wolnicka
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Obstetrical Care ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Assisted Procreation ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Multiple pregnancies pose numerous threats both for foetuses and neonates. The following disorders are encountered among the most important perinatal disturbances: EPH – gestosis, immature labour and premature rupture of foetal membranes. Also during the labour, particularly the second one and the following ones, various lesions that may cause increased incidence of diseases and mortality in this group of neonates [5, 6, 10, 18, 21, 22, 25]. Complications encountered in neonates from multiple pregnancies, resulting both from abnormal conditions of intrauterine development and from perinatal pathology, require still wider studies, particularly within the context of intensified obstetrical care of women with multiple pregnancies [7, 11, 13, 16, 24].In the years 1996-1998, out of 3883 neonates born in the Chair of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Silesian Medical Academy, 152 (3,9%) came from multiple pregnancies. This period included one case of quadruplets, eight cases of triplets and 62 twin pregnancies. Pregnant women were directed to our Chair within the program of multidisciplinary care of women with complicated pregnancies and they also came from the Department of Pathology of Pregnancy in our Chair. In 18 women, treated for infertility, the pregnancy was accomplished as a result of application of various techniques of assisted procreation. In one case – 4 foetuses were indicated, in five cases – three foetuses and in 12 cases – two foetuses.

scholarly journals Twins Living Apart: Behavioral Insights/Twin Study Reviews: Managing Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies; Paternity Testing in Multiple Pregnancies; Twin Research on Resilience; Trisomies in Twin Pregnancies/Human Interest: Reunited Brazilian Twins; Website for Twins with Disabled Co-Twins; Twins Separated in Secret of the Nile Series; Mengele: Unmasking the Angel of Death; Twins Helping Others

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Paternity Testing ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Angel Of Death ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractA brief review of research findings regarding twins living apart is presented. This review is followed by a look into the lives of a pair of monozygotic male twins who have lived in different continents for many years, but who stay closely connected. The reasons behind their decision and its impact on their behavioral resemblance and social relationship quality are examined. The next section summarizes recent studies that address the management of monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies, paternity testing in multiple pregnancies, trisomies in twin pregnancies and the roots of resilience. The final portion of this article presents human-interest stories involving reunited Brazilian twins, a new resource for twins with disabled co-twins, twins separated in the Secret of the Nile television series, a new book about Dr Josef Mengele and his horrific twin experiments conducted at the Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp, and a pair of twins dedicated to helping others.

scholarly journals Twin Pregnancies in Dairy Cattle: Observations in a Large Herd of Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Fernando López-Gatius ◽  
Irina Garcia-Ispierto ◽  
Ronald H. F. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Cool Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Large Herd ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Multiple pregnancies have devastating consequences on the herd economy of dairy cattle. This observational study examines incidence patterns based on data from the ultrasonographic examination of 1130 multiple pregnancies in cows in their third lactation or more carrying twins (98.8%), triplets (1.1%), or quadruplets (0.08%), and 3160 of their peers carrying singletons. Cows became pregnant following a spontaneous estrus with no previous hormone treatments. Irrespective of a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the conception rate (28–34 days post-insemination) during the warm period of the year, the multiple pregnancy rate was similar for both warm (26.5%) and cool (26.3%) periods. The incidence of unilateral multiple pregnancies (all embryos in the same uterine horn) was higher than that of bilateral pregnancies (at least one embryo in each uterine horn): 54.4% versus 45.6% (p < 0.0001). This difference rose to 17% during the warm season (p = 0.03). Pregnancy was monitored in unilateral multiple pregnancies until abortion or parturition (n = 615). In the warm period, the parturition rate was 43% compared to 61% recorded in the cool period (p < 0.0001). Thus, a warm climate is the main factor compromising the fate of multiple pregnancies. Some clinical suggestions are provided.

scholarly journals Yolk Sacs in Twin Pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Monochorionic Twin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Efficient Recognition

AbstractOBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the yolk sacs separated or not separated by septum and chorionicity twin pregnancies scanned early in the first trimester, and the relation between size and morphologic features of the yolk sac and the outcome of twin pregnancies.RESULTS. In all 38 sets of twins two yolk sacs were identified. During the first trimester of a dichorionic twin pregnancy, the yolk sacs were always separated by a septum and not separated (“Eight” sign) in monochorionic twin pregnancy. In five cases, one of yolk sac was abnormally large (> 8mm) and had thin wall. Four of the five mothers spontaneously aborted during the next 2-3 weeks. In one case of monochorionic twin ectopic pregnancy two yolk sacs were seen normally.CONCLUSION. The sonographic identification of yolk sacs in multiple pregnancies allows an early and efficient recognition of presence and chorionicity of twin pregnancy, both in intra – and extrauterine. Identification of abnormal yolk sac or yolk sacs suggests death of one or all embryos.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and Molecular Diagnostics of XX/XY Chimerism in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kozubska-Sobocińska ◽  
Barbara Danielak-Czech ◽  
Barbara Rejduch
Keyword(s):  
Animal Cell ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Carriers ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Abstract Animal cell chimerism denotes the presence of two or more cell lines of different genetic origin. The most common form of chimerism, which occurs spontaneously in mammals, is the presence of two or more cell populations in animals derived from dizygotic twin or multiple pregnancies. The aim of this review is to present extensive information on XX/XY chimerism in cattle, sheep and goats from the Bovidae family. Additionally, it will discuss a methodology for a quick and accurate diagnosis of cell chimerism and make an analysis of cells obtained from gonads of animals derived from twin pregnancies which underwent an exchange of hematopoietic tissue as a result of anastomoses. The studies reviewed here led the authors to conclude that XX/XY chimerism is generally undesirable in livestock breeding. Females (freemartins) are infertile, whereas in male carriers of chimerism, the impact of this abnormality on sperm parameters is still under discussion, therefore every case of different-sex twin or multiple births should be analyzed individually.

scholarly journals Twins in Dairy Herds. Is It Better to Maintain or Reduce a Pregnancy?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando López-Gatius
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Multiple ovulations and so multiple pregnancies have increased recently in dairy cattle. The incidence of the double ovulation impact in high producers at insemination may be over 20%. Twin pregnancies are undesirable as they seriously compromise the welfare and productive lifespan of the cow and herd economy. Clinical problems extend from the time of pregnancy diagnosis to pregnancy loss, abortion or parturition. Early pregnancy loss or abortion of multiple pregnancies lead in most cases to culling. In cows reaching their term, mean productive lifespan is up to about 300 days shorter for cows delivering twins than for cows delivering singletons. While there is an urgent need to address multiple pregnancy prevention procedures in the foreseeable future, the incidence of twin pregnancies continues to rise in parallel with increased milk production. Herein, we review two contrasting measures proposed for the time of twin pregnancy diagnosis: (1) gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment for pregnancy maintenance, or (2) embryo reduction. These options are discussed in terms of their implications for individual animal health and herd economy. Our main conclusions find that manual twin reduction has proven to be the best management option, whereas the use of prostaglandin F2α for inducing abortion may be a better option than doing nothing.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of perinatal pathology in newborns developing under conditions of chronic hypoxia with placental insufficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
I. I. Evsyukova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The study of the pathogenetic aspects of disorders in the formation of the functions of the central nervous system and other vital functional systems of the child's body under unfavorable conditions of its intrauterine development has always been a priority direction of scientific research by the employees of the Department of Physiology and Pathology of Newborns of the N.I. BEFORE. Otta RAMS.

160 DETERMINATION OF THE INCIDENCE OF EMBRYONIC MORTALITY IN SYNCHRONIZED EWES DURING THE BREEDING SEASON

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
H. Erdem ◽  
M. K. Saribay ◽  
T. Tekeli
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Real Time Ultrasonography ◽  
Embryonic Death

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of embryonic mortality in synchronized Konya Merino ewes (2–4 years of age) during the the breeding season. The flushing procedure started in 126 ewes, beginning 1 week before the breeding period until mating. The ewes were synchronized using progesterone : PMSG; a sponge containing 40 mg florogestone acetate was placed into vagina for 12 days. PMSG (500 IU) was given intramuscularly at the time of sponge removal and ewes were allowed to mate 48-60 hours (Day 0) after PMSG injection. The first pregnancy diagnosis was done transrectally 18 days after mating by using B-mode, linear array, 5 MHz real-time ultrasonography, and it was repeated again on Days 22, 26, 30, and 34. One hundred eleven ewes were pregnant on Day 18, and 191 embryos were detected in 111 pregnant ewes. There were 44 single, 54 twin, and 13 triple pregnancies. Embryonic death was determined in 39 out of 111 ewes (35.1%), and 45 embryos out of the total of 191 were lost (23.6%). Among the ewes which experienced embryonic death, 28 ewes maintained pregnancy while 11 ewes (9 single, 1 twin, and 1 triple pregnancy) did not. Among the embryos that were dead, 9 (20%), 20 (44.4%), and 16 (35.6%) were from single, twin, and triple pregnancies, respectively. Rates of embryonic death in the total number of embryos according to type pregnancy were 20% (9/45), 18.5% (20/108), and 41% (16/39). Incidence of embryonic deaths were 22.2% (10/45), 51.1% (23/45), 22.2% (10/45), and 4.5% (2/45) for Days 22, 26, 30, and 34, respectively. The majority of embryonic deaths were observed by Day 22 in single pregnancies and by Day 26 in multiple pregnancies. Incidence of termination of pregnancy in single pregnancies was significantly higher than for twin pregnancies (P &lt; 0.01). The rate of embryonic mortality between single and twin pregnancies was not significant, whereas it was significant among single and triple and among twin and triple pregnancies (P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, incidence of embryonic death was similar between single and twin pregnancies but the majority of pregnancy losses were observed in single pregnancies. Although embryonic deaths are observed, maintenance of pregnancy conceals the problem of embryonic mortality in multiple pregnancies. Therefore, applications to improve the survival of embryos during the first month after mating could yield higher numbers of lambs.

Il problema degli annessi nelle gravidanze gemellari

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gedda ◽  
G. Brenci
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Sizable Number

SUMMARYThe Authors have investigated the problem of foetal membranes in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pregnancies. The material consisted of anamnestic information derived from the twin case files of Rome's Mendel Institute.In a sizable number of twin cases (3, 107) it was possible to establish zygosity and the various frequencies of monochorionic or dichorial single or double placenta.Statistical analysis of this material shows that the frequency of monozygotic twin pregnancies with one placenta and one chorion is 68.35%, while 31.65% have two placentae and two choria. On the other hand, 83.29% of dizygotic twin pregnancies have two placentae and two choria, while 16.71% have one placenta and one chorion.These figures exceed the material's margin of error, calculated on the basis of an appropriate index. Some case, diagnosed as bichorial with one placenta, are explained as due to two placentae fused into one piece, causing a mistaken diagnosis at birth.

The Follow-up History of Children from Multiple Pregnancies

1972 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
T. Banachowa ◽  
M. Miecznikowska ◽  
J. Rosciszewska-Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Equilibration Rate

Infants born from multiple pregnancies were observed for three years, 1969-71. Twin births were 1.88% {full-term 1.23%, premature 0,66%) and perinatal twin mortality was 7.94%. The Apgar scale assessment, acid-base balance, physical and psychomotor development equilibration rate, and morbidity, were determined. Great differences were found beween first and second twins, sometimes differing 1000 g in weight. In postnatal disorders the equilibration period was shorter than in single-born children. Examinations after three years did not show much deviation from the norm, although twin pregnancies and deliveries are dangerous and the children are included in the “high-risk” group.

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