Feeding behaviour of pigs in groups monitored by a computerized feeding system

AbstractElectronic feeding systems for progeny testing pigs, allow selection to occur under conditions found on commercial farms. This paper reports on the feeding behaviour of six groups of 10 pigs, balanced for sex and initial body weight (mean starting and finishing weight: 32·1 kg v. 68·5 kg), monitored on such a system, for an average of 38 days. These data represent 26 542 feeder visits for which the pen, identity of the pig, feeder entry and exit times, and the amount of food consumed are known. The results show significant time-of-day effects for frequency of feeder visits, feeding rates, mean feeder occupation time, mean food intake per feeder visit, total food intake and total feeder duration (all P < 0·001). A single peak in feeding behaviour was observed between 13·00 and 16·00 h. Significant pen effects were observed on all feeding variables (e.g. feeder occupation times P < 0·05) with the exception of total food intake (P > 0·05). Individual pigs were found to possess different types of meal regulation, as measured by prandial correlations. Pens were found to have significantly non-random sequences of feeder entries (e.g. yen 1, P < 0·001). The range of feeder visits (three to 69) observed, was higher than reported in any previous study. Physical performance on the system, in terms of gain in body weight and total food intake was best predicted by total feeder occupation time, suggesting that individual pigs could adapt to the physical and social constraints imposed by the system, by altering aspects of their feeding behaviour. The results suggest that feeder access competition resulting from social synchrony and facilitation strongly influenced the feeding behaviour of pigs on this computerized food intake recording system.

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THE EFFECT OF AMORPHOPHALLUS MUELLERI BLUME AND MORINGA OLEIFERA L LEAVES ON BODY WEIGHT, FEED INTAKE, AND HEPATIC HISTOPATHOLOGY IN MICE

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s2.16 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 82-87

Author(s):

DIAN RATIH LAKSMITAWATI ◽

UMI MARWATI ◽

YATI SUMIYATI ◽

DIAH KARTIKA PRATAMI ◽

INTAN PERMATA SARI

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Control Diet ◽

Total Food Intake ◽

Total Food ◽

Lower Body Weight ◽

And Control ◽

Hepatic Histopathology

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume and Moringa oleifera L leaf on body weight, food intake, and hepatic histopathology in mice. Methods: The mice were divided into five groups according to their diet, which includes porang, wheat, porang-moringa, wheat-moringa, and control diet. Each group consists of 5 males and 5 females, which were fed for 28 d, and then analyzed for their body weight, total food intake, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in plasma, and hepatic histopathology. Results: The result showed that the group of porang and porang-moringa has lower body weight and feed intake, which is significantly different compared to the others. Furthermore, an increase was observed on plasma AST/ALT activities in 30% porang and 20% porang-moringa group. Also, one of the mice of porang group has inflammatory cell infiltration (++) on histopathology results. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that feeding containing porang causes low food consumption. Furthermore, weight loss increases AST/ALT and leukocyte infiltration even though a mouse consistently deteriorates.

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Effect of adrenalectomy and corticosterone replacement on meal patterns of Zucker rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1985.249.5.r584 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 249 (5) ◽

pp. R584-R594 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. R. Freedman ◽

T. W. Castonguay ◽

J. S. Stern

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Meal Frequency ◽

Light Cycle ◽

Dark Cycle ◽

Meal Patterns ◽

Total Food Intake ◽

Total Food

Male obese and lean Zucker rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-operated at 10 wk of age. Approximately 16 wk later, patterns of food intake were monitored by computer-interfaced top loading balances. Data were collected from ADX rats before, during, and after access to a corticosterone-supplemented saline solution (20 micrograms/ml). Although total food intake during the precorticosterone treatment period was not different between ADX and sham controls, ADX resulted in attenuation of light cycle food intake, primarily via decreased meal frequency. With steroid replacement, light cycle meal frequency and food intake increased. Despite comparable self-administered dose (20.33 +/- 0.89 vs. 17.05 +/- 1.2 mg corticosterone/period, obese vs. lean), obese ADX rats were more responsive to steroid than were lean ADX rats. This increased responsiveness was reflected by a 30% increase in food intake and 60% increase in body weight gain of obese ADX rats during replacement. Lean ADX rats exhibited no change in total food intake or weight gain with replacement. Further, during corticosterone treatment, obese ADX rats increased meal frequency, total food intake, and consumption of large meals (greater than or equal to 4 g) during the dark cycle. Significant postprandial correlations were found only in obese ADX rats, both with and without replacement during the dark cycle. These results suggest adrenal glucocorticoids have a minimal effect on food intake and meal patterns in lean Zucker rats but significantly alter intake and meal patterns in obese rats.

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PREVIOUS DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL AND SURVIVAL OF STARVING RATS IN THE COLD

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y63-022 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John R. Beaton ◽

T. Orme ◽

A. Turner ◽

J. Laufer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Dietary Protein Level ◽

Total Food Intake ◽

Total Food ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

The effect of the level of dietary protein (5%, 20%, 40% casein by weight) fed for 7 days in an environmental temperature of 22 °C, upon the survival of rats subsequently starved in an environmental temperature of 2 °C was studied. In these experiments ad libitum feeding, isocaloric feeding, and restricted feeding techniques were used, and the effects of thyroidectomy and thyroid feeding were investigated. In all cases, animals provided with the 5% protein diet survived for shorter periods than did those fed the 20% protein diet. In intact rats, but not in thyroidectomized rats, survival time appeared to be inversely related to rate of body weight loss in starvation. Differences in duration of survival among dietary groups are not explicable on the basis of differences in body weight, body composition, or total food intake prior to starvation. The results of experiments using thyroidectomized rats and thyroid feeding suggest that the effect of dietary protein level upon survival in subsequent starvation in the cold are not mediated through the thyroid gland.

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Effect of diurnally fluctuating high ambient temperatures on performance and feeding behaviour of multiparous lactating sows

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s135772980005534x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 571-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

N. Quiniou ◽

D. Renaudeau ◽

S. Dubois ◽

J. Noblet

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Milk Production ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Post Partum ◽

Lactation Performance ◽

Large White ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Total Food Intake ◽

Daily Food ◽

Ad Libitum

AbstractForty-two multiparous Large White sows were used to investigate the effect of diurnally fluctuating temperature (T) on lactation performance and feeding behaviour. The animals were allocated to one of the four thermic treatments: constant T at 25°C (25C) and 29°C (29C) or equal-mean diurnal cyclic T varying from 21 to 29°C (25V) and from 25 to 33°C (29V). Photoperiod was fixed to 14 h of light. The sows were given food ad libitum between the 7th and the 19th day post partům. Lactation performance was measured for all sows whereas the feeding behaviour was recorded only on 28 sows. The ad libitum food intake was comparable at 25C and 25V (6•31 kg/day) as were milk production and body reserves mobilization. In contrast, food intake at 29V was higher than at 29C (4•53 v. 3•48 kg/day) with no difference in milk production between the two treatments. The increased daily food intake at 29V resulted from higher intakes over the coolest periods of the day and especially during the dark period. Neither meal size nor daily number of meals were significantly affected by T. Feeding behaviour was mainly diurnal but with differences between treatments: 0•90 of total food intake at 29C v. 0•78 at the other three T It appears that the effects of diurnally fluctuating T on lactation performance of sows depend on the mean level of T

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STUDIES ON THE TOTAL BILE

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.40.1.25 ◽

1924 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 25-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Philip D. McMaster

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Gall Bladder ◽

Total Food Intake ◽

Total Food ◽

Additional Amount ◽

Ordinary Diet

The development of a method for the collection of total bile from dogs in a sterile state and uninfluenced by the gall bladder, day after day for weeks, has rendered possible an accurate study of the influence of diet upon the cholesterol output of the secretion. When a diet rich in cholesterol is given the amount of the substance in the bile greatly increases. Not only this but the concentration per cc. is, in almost every instance, greater. An increase in the total food intake, by the addition to the ordinary ration of a bone mash diet containing only a slight additional amount of cholesterol (200 mg.) produces a similar, though lesser, increase. In the fasting dog, the cholesterol yield is greatly cut down. The increase in the cholesterol after food rich in the substance does not depend on the cholagogue action of this latter, though it is true that the concentration of cholesterol in the bile usually increases with the bile volume. Though fasting cuts down the cholesterol of bile, the concentration of the substance per cc. is greatly increased. On an ordinary diet the yield of it fluctuates abruptly and considerably from day to day. In general the rule holds that an animal eating largely puts out not only much more bile but much more cholesterol. The relation between bile quantity and cholesterol yield is anything but a fixed one, however. The cholesterol yield of the bile does not parallel that of bilirubin. The pigment output from day to day remains relatively constant as compared with that of cholesterol.

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The food intake and growth of Australian feral cross Angora kids when fed whole grain barley-lupins diets with three levels of roughage intake

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9840077 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 24 (124) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

BA McGregor

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Total Food Intake ◽

Total Food ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding ◽

Basal Ration

Kids six months old and of mean liveweight 22 kg were offered a basal ration of barley and lupins (crude protein 15 .4%) supplemented with three levels of chopped hay (0, 13% of total intake and ad libitum). Supplementation of the basal ration with 13% hay increased total dry matter intake from 479 to 753 g/d (P< 0.001) and liveweight gain from 10 to 54 g/d (P<0 .01). Non-significant increases in total food intake and liveweight gains were achieved by supplementing with ad libitum hay; kids fed ad libitum hay actually consumed 26.9% of their diet as hay. They were then offered various mixtures of barley, oats and lupins with 13% chopped hay at near ad libitum feeding. Differences in intake or growth were not significant at P= 0.05 with kids growing at 74, 65 and 101 g/d for those fed barley, oats and lupins respectively. Results indicate that highest food intake was obtained when 13% chopped hay was added to whole barley grain rations.

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Diet selection in pigs: choices made by growing pigs given foods of different protein concentrations

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100005298 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 189-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

I. Kyriazakis ◽

G. C. Emmans ◽

C. T. Whittemore

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Food Intake ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Live Weight ◽

Diet Selection ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Feeding Method ◽

Total Food Intake ◽

Total Food

ABSTRACTTo test the proposition that growing pigs, when given a choice between two foods, are able to select a diet that meets their requirements, and to investigate the rules of diet selection, four foods (L, A, B and H) with similar energy yields, but different concentrations of crude protein (CP) (125, 174, 213 and 267 g CP per kg fresh food respectively) were formulated. The four foods were offeredad libitumeither singly, or as a two-way choice using all the six possible pairs, to 40 individually caged pigs from 12 to 30 kg live weight. On the single foods the rate of food intake fell from 1001 to 971 to 961 to 868 (s.e.d. 40) g/day (F < 0·05) as the protein concentration of the foods increased from L to H; the growth rate followed an opposite trend (492, 627, 743 and 693 (s.e.d. 31) g/day respectively;P< 0·01). When the pigs had to select between two foods limiting in protein (L and A) the less limiting one was preferred (710 (s.e. 200) g A per kg total food intake; the protein concentration of the selected diet was 160 (s.e. 10) g CP per kg). On the choice between B and H (a choice between a food with protein concentration close to requirements and a food with protein excess) the lower food was markedly preferred (928 (s.e. 4) g B per kg total food intake; the protein concentration of the selected diet was 218 (s.e. 1) g CP per kg). When the animals were given a choice between two foods, a combination of which was non-limiting (pairs LB, LH, AB and AH), the protein concentrations of the selected diets were not different between treatments (208, 204, 202 and 205 (s.e.d. 13) g CP per kg respectively) and they also declined systematically with time and weight. The growth rate of the animals on these pairs were 752, 768, 769 and 763 (s.e.d. 54) g/day (P > 0·05), which were not significantly different from the highest growth rate achieved on a single food. The results suggest that pigs, when given a choice between a suitable pair of foods, are able to choose a balanced diet and to change its composition to reflect their changing requirements. The choice-feeding method may well be useful as an effective and economic way of estimating and meeting requirements, and of measuring the growth potential of pigs.

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