Sweat gland measurements in some tropical and temperate breeds of cattle in Nigeria

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Amakiri
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SUMMARYMuturu (Bos taunts) cattle had a higher density of sweat glands in the skin (2208/cm2) than N'Dama (Bos taurus) (1776/cm2) and White Fulani (Bos indicus) (1584/cm2) cattle. Mean gland volume was 10·46,4·95 and 3·06 × 106 μ3 and length/diameter ratio (shape) of the glands was 3·97, 3·85 and 3·15 in N'Dama, Muturu and White Fulani cattle respectively.Results of similar studies with German Friesian cattle in the same environment gave a gland count of 1968/cm2, a mean gland volume of 14·1 × 106 μm3 and a length/diameter ratio of 5·73.Sweat gland measurements were generally higher for Friesian cattle than for zebu cattle and cattle of indigenous Bos taurus breeds.Regional differences in the parameters were generally significant. The relevance of the results to the adaptability of the various breeds of cattle to the tropical environment are discussed.

Some skin characters in five breeds of European (Bos taurus) dairy cattle

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nay ◽  
RH Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Gland Volume

Observations were made of a number of skin characters in five breeds of European (Bos taurus L.) dairy cattle. Skin samples were taken from the cattle in January and July. There were differences between breeds in sweat gland volume and length! diameter ratio, in skin and papillary layer thickness, in the ratio skin thickness/papillary layer thickness, and in the degree of shrinkage in transverse sections cut from the papillary layer. There were no differences between breeds in density of follicle population (and hence sweat glands) per unit area of skin. Sweat gland volume, skin thickness, and papillary layer thickness were larger in winter than in summer, but there were no such differences for sweat gland length/ diameter ratio, the ratio skin thickness/papillary layer thickness, and follicle population density. The only significant overall correlations between characters were those between sweat gland volume and sweat gland length/diameter ratio, and sweat gland volume and papillary layer depth.

The rate of cutaneous evaporation in some tropical and temperate breeds of cattle in Nigeria

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Amakiri ◽  
R. Mordi
Keyword(s):  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Lateral Thigh ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation

SUMMARYThe rate of cutaneous evaporation was highest in the White Fulani (Bos indicus) followed by the N'Dama and German Friesian (Bos taunts). The lowest rate of evaporation was recorded in the Muturu (Bos taurus brachyceros). In all breeds, the rate at 15.00 hr was significantly higher than at 18.00 hr.For the sites sampled, evaporation rate was highest on the hump and mid-side, followed by the neck and lateral thigh and lowest on the dewlap and navel flap.The possible correlation of these results with the size and distribution of the sweat glands on various sites of different cattle breeds is discussed.

Sweat glands in Zebu (Bos indicus L.) and European (B. taurus L.) cattle. II. Effects of season and exercise on sweat gland volume

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Hayman ◽  
T Nay
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Gland Volume

Seasonal variation in sweat gland volume is reported in two breeds of Zebu dairy cattle. Changes which occurred in the volume of sweat glands in Jersey and in Zebu x Jersey cattle, as the result of sweating induced by exercise, are described. The crossbred cattle, which had larger sweat glands than the Jerseys, sweated at a greater rate, and had a smaller rise in rectal temperature, which returned more rapidly to normal. It is suggested that there is a relationship between sweat gland volume and activity, and that the seasonal changes in volume observed in the two Zebu breeds are largely due to changes in ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of the Pantaneiro cattle breed

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1609-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Cunha Issa ◽  
Wilham Jorge ◽  
José Robson Bezerra Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Paternal Line

The objective of this work was to characterize Pantaneiro cattle genetically through its paternal ancestry by the morphology of the Y chromosome, whether submetacentric or acrocentric, as well as to identify the maternal ancestry through mitochondrial DNA. The karyotype and mitochondrial DNA of 12 bulls of Pantaneiro breed were analyzed. The Y chromosome was analyzed in lymphocyte metaphases and the mitochondrial DNA by diagnosing its haplotype (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Among Pantaneiro animals analyzed three had a taurine (submetacentric) Y and nine had a zebuine (acrocentric) Y chromosome, suggesting breed contamination by Zebu cattle, once Pantaneiro is considered to be of European origin. The mitochondrial DNA was exclusively of taurine origin, indicating that the participation of zebuines in the formation of the breed occurred entirely through the paternal line.

scholarly journals T-Cell and Antibody Responses to Mycobacterial Antigens in Tuberculin Skin-Test-PositiveBos indicusandBos taurusCattle in Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Paul Cockle ◽  
Konstantin Lyashchenko ◽  
Martin Vordermeier
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigen ◽  
Multiple Antigen ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens

Higher IFN-γresponses to mycobacterial antigens were observed inBos taurus(Holsteins) than inBos indicus(Zebu) cattle which could due to differences in antigen recognition profiles between the two breeds. The present study was conducted to evaluate mycobacterial antigen recognition profiles of the two breeds. Twenty-three mycobacterial antigens were tested on 46 skin test positive (24 Zebu and 22 Holstein) using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and multiple antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA). Herds from which the study cattle obtained were tested for Fasciola antibody. The T cells from both breeds recognized most of the mycobacterial antigens at lower and comparable frequencies. However, antigens such as CFP-10, ESAT-6, Rv0287, Rv0288, MPB87, Acr-2, Rv3616c, and Rv3879c were recognized at higher frequencies in zebu while higher frequencies of T cell responses were observed to Hsp65 in both breeds. Furthermore, comparable antibody responses were observed in both breeds; MPB83 being the sero-dominant antigen in both breeds. The prevalence of Fasciola antibody was 81% and similar in both breeds. This piece of work could not lead to a definitive conclusion if there are differences in mycobacterial recognition profiles between the two breeds warranting for further similar studies using sound sample size from the two breeds.

The thickness of cattle skin

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Critical Characteristics ◽  
Thick Skin ◽  
Active Sweat Glands

The mean total skin thicknesses (mm) for the breeds sampled were: Devon 8.15, Hereford 6.7, Zebu cross 6.43, Australian Illawarra Shorthorn 6.23, Friesian 6.0, Zebu 5.77, Aberdeen Angus 5.75, Shorthorn 5.69, and Jersey 5.46. The early maturing Shorthorn (Bos taurus L.) and the Zebu (Bos indicus L.) differed significantly in the depth of the papillary and reticular layers, and in the relative thickness of these skin layers. The mean thickness for the papillary layer; was 0.98 mm in the Zebu, 1.40 mm in the Zebu cross, and 1.70 mm in the Shorthorn. Thus the larger, more active sweat glands of the Zebu are more superficial. The corresponding reticular layer averaged 4.45 mm in the Zebu, 4.5 mm in the Zebu cross, and 4.08 mm in the Shorthorn. The thickness of the papillary layer relative to the total skin thickness was 18.3, 23.7, and 29.3 per cent., for the Zebu, Zebu cross, and Shorthorn respectively. The Zebu and the Jersey have relatively thin skins. Therefore a thick skin is not essential for adaptability to a hot environment. Inherent differences in the function of the follicles and the glands of the papillary layer may be critical characteristics for heat tolerance.

Sweating rate at different body regions in cattle and its correlation with some quantitative components of sweat gland volume for a given area of skin

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
YS Pan ◽  
SM Donegan ◽  
RH Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Sweating Rate ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Body Regions

Sweating rates at five body regions on four Jersey and four Sahiwal x Jersey crossbred heifers were measured in a hot room under three treatments differing in temperature and duration. The correlations between sweating rate and some quantitative components of sweat gland volume for a given area of skin were examined. Differences in sweating rate between body regions, interactions between breed and body region in sweating rate, and differences in sweating rate for the various treatments were all shown to be statistically significant. There was no significant interaction between body regions and treatment in sweating rate.Between body regions within an animal, there was a positive correlation between sweat gland population density and sweating rate and a negative correlation between mean sweat gland volume and sweating rate. This negative correlation was associated with the fact that regions with high sweat gland population density also tended to have smaller sweat glands and vice versa. Indications of a positive correlation between the total sweat gland volume per unit area and sweating rate were also found, though none of these approached statistical significance.

scholarly journals Whole genome characterization of autochthonous Bos taurus brachyceros and introduced Bos indicus indicus cattle breeds in Cameroon regarding their adaptive phenotypic traits and pathogen resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archile Eric paguem ◽  
Babette Abanda ◽  
Mbunkah Daniel Achukwi ◽  
Praveen Baskaran ◽  
Stefan Czemmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Taurine Breed ◽  
Taurine Cattle

Abstract BackgroundWest African indigenous taurine cattle display unique adaptive traits shaped by husbandry management, regional climate and exposure to endemic pathogens. They are less productive with respect to milk and meat production which has been associated with a number of factors, amongst others small size, traditional beliefs and husbandry practices. This resulted in the severe dwindling of their populations size rendering them vulnerable to extinction. The Namchi (Doayo) taurine cattle breed has documented resistance traits against trypanosome infection and exposure to tick infestation. Nonetheless, the historically later introduced Zebu cattle are the main cattle breeds in Africa today, even though they suffer more from locally prevailing pathogens. By using a reference-based whole genome sequencing approach, we sequenced for the first time the genomes of five cattle breeds from Cameroon: the Namchi (Doayo), an endangered trypanotolerant taurine breed, the Kapsiki, an indigenous trypanosusceptible taurine breed, and three Zebu (Bos indicus indicus) breeds: Ngaoundere Gudali, White Fulani and Red Fulani.ResultsApproximately 167 Giga bases of raw sequencing data were generated and mapped to the cattle reference genome UMD3.1. The coverage was 22 to 30-fold. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared with reference genomes of European Bos taurus Holstein and of Asian Bos indicus Brahman and the African trypanotolerant N’Dama breeds.Of a total of 50 million SNPs identified, 3.43 million were breed-specific ranging from 0.37 to 0.47 million SNPs in the domestic Cameroonian breeds and approximately 0.58 million constituted of small insertions and deletions. We identified breed specific-non-synonymous variants as genetic traits that could explain certain cattle-breed specific phenotypes such as increased tolerance against trypanosome parasites in the Namchi (Doayo) breed, heat tolerance in the Kapsiki breed, and growth, metabolism and meat quality in the Gudali breeds. Phylogenetic comparison grouped Namchi (Doayo) to the African Zebu clade indicating a hybrid status of the selected animal with a Zebu breed, albeit it showed the Namchi breed’s phenotype.ConclusionsThe findings provide the first comprehensive set of full genome variant data of the most important Cameroonian cattle breeds. The genomic data shall constitute a foundation for breed amelioration whilst exploiting the heritable traits and support conservation efforts for the endangered local cattle breeds.

Phenotypic characterization of the Saudi Arabian Hassawi cattle breed

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Farming Families

SummaryHassawi cattle breed is a mix of Bos indicus and Bos taurus. The cattle are raised in the Eastern province of the country by farming families in mixed farming system. The breed numbers are declining very fast, from 10 449 head in 1986 to an estimated maximum of 4 500 head at present.The decrease is mainly due to replacement by exotic breeds, the indiscriminate crossing with these exotics, particularly in view of the scarcity of the Hassawi bulls for mating. Animals are small in size, mature body weight 210-270 kg for bulls and 150-200 kg for cows, quite uniform in colour (light red) and body conformation have conspicuously reduced dewlap and umbilical folds and relatively large hump. Animals are heat tolerant, sustain high feed intake under ambient temperature, resistant to many diseases prevailing in the region and cows have good mothering ability. Productivity of the breed in terms of meat and milk is low when compared to that of exotics in high input production environments, but reproduction performance excels that of temperate breeds and zebu cattle.Efforts should be made to stop the decline in the breed numbers and to conserve the breed as an asset for production under harsh environment.

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