Effect of monensin supplementation on growth, feed digestibility and utilization in young calves

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ilan ◽  
A. Ben-Asher ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Z. Nitsan ◽  
I. Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Feeding Trials

ABSTRACTTwo feeding trials were carried out with Israeli Friesian male calves, commencing at an average age of 7 to 10 days, and covering a suckling period of 30 days followed by a further 90 days. A conventional starter, or one that contained cotton hulls, was used. In each experiment one group of 10 animals served as a control and a similar group was monensin-supplemented. No coccidia were found in the animals. In experiments 1 and 2 monensin supplementation was associated with increased daily gains of 10% and 47% during the suckling period and of 6% and 17% during the next 90 days, but only the differences obtained in experiment 2 were significant. In both experiments, dry-matter intake relative to body weight was higher with monensin supplementation in period 1, but reduced in period 2. The effect of monensin on molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids was smaller than that reported by previous authors for older cattle.A separate digestibility trial showed that monensin administered to suckling calves, either with milk replacer or directly into the rumen, improved dry-matter digestibility, increased the excretion of amylase, and tended to reduce that of trypsin and chymotrypsin.

scholarly journals Indirect evaluation of digestive tract function on male lambs and ram based on feed digestibility and eating behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
A. Prima ◽  
E. Rianto ◽  
E. Purbowati ◽  
A. Purnomoadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Tract Function ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Function

This studywasaimed to examine the development and function ofdigestive organsof lamb in digesting feed based on feed digestibility valueandeating behaviour. The materials used were 11 lambs aged 3-4 months, body weight(BW)14.78 ± 1.99 kg (CV 3.98%), and 11 ramsaged 10-12 months, BW 22.18 ± 1.81 kg (CV 3.29%). The study used a completelyrandomized design of 2x2 in nestedpatterns. There were two ages compared (lambs vs ram) and every age was nested the diet i.e.100%Napiergrass (G100) vs mixed pellet 50% grass and 50% concentrate(G50C50). The diet was given at 3.5% of BW. Parameters observed were dry matter intake(DMI)and digestibility, eating and ruminating time. The results showed that were no significant differences between lambs and rams in DMI (averaged 3.33% BW),digestibility (averaged 49.00%), eating (192.56 min/d), and ruminating (364 min/d). Animalsgiven diet G50C50 had higher (P<0.05) DMI (666 vs 565 g/d), digestibility (50.49%vs 47.53%), and less (P<0.05) eating (47 vs 338 min/d) and ruminating (305 vs 423 min/d), as compared withthose fed diet G100.It is concludedthat the digestive tracts of lambs had developed and function to the stage similar to ram. 

Long- and short-term effects on intake of pelleting a roughage for sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
G. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
05 C ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chopped Grass

SUMMARY1. Four groups of eight castrated male lambs, weighing initially about 37 kg, were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks on: C, chopped dried grass throughout; P, pelleted grass throughout; C/P (or P/C), the two forms alternated every 3 weeks; or C + P, both forms on offer.2. Daily dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75) was 58·2 for treatment C and 814 for treatment P; thus the long-term difference in intake was 40%. However, in the alternated sheep, dry-matter intake was 53·6 g/kg W0·75 for chopped grass and 86·5 g for pelleted; this short-term difference (61%) was significantly greater than the long-term difference. Dry-matter intake for treatment C+P was 84·9 g/kg W0·75; after the first week, chopped grass comprised only 10% of this. Dry-matter digestibility coefficients (%) were: C, 740; P, 61·4 and C+P, 62·0.3. The sheep were killed in week 19 and the dimensions of digestive organs and their contents were adjusted to an animal of 50 kg empty body weight. The weight of the reticulo-rumen was greater for C (1·30 kg) than for P (0·94) or C+ P (1·05), C/P and P/C being inter-mediate (1·15). The water-filled volume of the rumen was proportional to weight, except that C/P (alternated sheep finishing on pelleted grass) had low volumes. Reticulo-rumen fill was greater for C (7·28 kg) than for P (3·97) or C+ P (4·53), P/C (5·90) and C/P (4·34) being intermediate. There were no other significant differences in organs or contents.4. Gains in empty-body weight (g/day) were: C, 112; P, 181; C/P and P/C, 126; C + P, 195.

Kale for beef production

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
G. M. Innes ◽  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTEffects on animal health and productivity of offering diets composed wholly or partly of kale to Hereford × Friesian steers were examined in two growth trials and a digestibility trial. Rates of daily gain (kg), daily dry-matter intake (kg) and coefficients of dry-matter digestibility by 24 steers offered proportions of 0·50 or 0·75 kale with rolled barley or 100 kale were respectively 1·05, 7·5, 0·76; 0·72, 5·8, 0·72; and 0·48, 5·3, 0·70. Of 48 steers given 0·25 or 0·50 kale with rolled barley, fodderbeet or swede turnips, the food intakes and daily gains of those offered barley were greatest on the higher proportion of kale whereas with fodderbeet and turnips the food intakes and gains were higher (P<005 and P<0·01) respectively on the lower proportion of kale. Although daily intakes of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide were high, reaching 0·25 and 0·33 g per kg body weight in trials 1 and 2 respectively, and moderate changes in blood metabolism occurred, there were no cases of haemolytic anaemia. Steers given only kale produced the poorest daily live-weight gain and the results suggested that the inclusion of kale should be limited to 0·50 of the total diet.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF VARYING RATIO OF COWPEA HUSK AND MAIZE MILLING WASTE ON THE FEED INTAKE, PROTEIN AND ENERGY UTILIZATION BY THE GOAT.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
A. A. Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The acceptability and efficacy of. combinations of cowpea husk (CH) and maize milling waste (MMW) as feed for the goat were tested. The experiment, in a 4x4 Latin square design involved digestion trials with 4 West African dwarf grower goats weighing 8.2 to 9.6 kg. and about 4 months old. There were 3 experimental diets made up of CH and MMW in 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 ratio of mixture. The control diet was 60 percent chopped Pennisetum purpureum plus 40 percent concentrate ration. The animals were fed at 5 percent of body weight. All trials lasted 80 days. Parameters for assessment were dry matter intake, protein and energy intakes and utilization. Feed intake values (%of body weight) in all experiemental diets were higher than 3 percent and increased with increasing levels of cowpea husk, Only the intake of 4.38% of body weight from 75:25 CH-MMW supported weight gain. Increases in MMW in the experimental diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) increases in dry matter digestibility. The crude protein intake and digestion increased with increasing inclusion of cowpea husk, but intake and utilization were not adequate at CH-MMW 25:75 and 50:50. The energy intake and utilization increased (P<0.05) across the treatment. Increasing levels of cowpea husk enhanced dry matter, energy intakes and energy utilization, Decreasing levels of cowpea, consistent with increasing MMW improved dry matter digestibility but not dry matter intake. The high crude fibre of cowpea husk is implicated. The utilization of the available energy in the mixture is limited by protein intake.

scholarly journals Feed, energy and protein intakes of horses - A review of Finnish feeding trials

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Markku Saastamoinen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feed, energy and protein intakes of horses engaged in different performances by reviewing results and data concerning feed consumption in 17 feeding trials with a total 356 horses, conducted between 1972 and 1992. The dry matter intake was found to average 1.6-1.8% of body weight for working horses and pregnant mares, and 2-3.5% for lactating mares. According to the results most of the exercising horses could be fed with energy and protein amounts currently recommended for moderate work. In Standardbred trotters, the average energy intake corresponded to the current requirements for light work. The individual variation in energy consumption among horses engaged in work of the same intensity was considerable, and seemed to be larger for Finnhorses than for warmblooded horses. The establishment of new nutrient requirements and feeding recommendations separately for trotters and riding horses of these two breeds, i.e. Finnhorses and warmblooded horses, seems justified.

scholarly journals Self-fed Supplements of Low and Medium Intake for Beef Steers Finished on Pasture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saimon de Souza Souza ◽  
Régis Luis Missio ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Jefferson Felipe Cavazzana ◽  
Marcelo Machado Severo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract The obstacles of using supplementation are related to the cost and labor. Self-fed supplements of low and medium intake can be an option to overcome these problems. However, the nutritive value and pasture yield are crucial to finding the right composition and amount of supplement. We evaluated productive responses of steers receiving self-fed supplements of low and medium intake on Aruana grass pasture. The animal performance, ingestive behavior, and pasture characteristics were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates. Twenty-four Aberdeen Angus steers were used as the tester animals. The dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a 3 x 3 double Latin square repeated over time. The treatments consisted of mineral salt (control), supplementation for intake of 1.5 g/kg body weight (low-intake), and supplementation for intake of 4.0 g/kg body weight (medium-intake). The supplements did not influence the pasture characteristics and ingestive behavior, except the number of bites/day that was higher for the low-intake. Dry matter digestibility and forage intake were not affected by the supplementation, but the total dry matter intake increased for the medium-intake. The average daily gain, stocking rate, and fat thickness gain were higher for the medium-intake. The self-fed supplements of medium-intake increase the total dry matter intake, maximizing the performance of steers on Aruana grass.

Effect of Feeding Milk Replacer on Dry Matter Intake and Feed Efficiency in Holstein x Kankrej Crossbred Calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Lunagariya ◽  
R. Shukla ◽  
S. V. Shah ◽  
P. R. Pandya ◽  
S. S. Pandya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Commercial Milk

An experiment was conducted on HF x Kankrej crossbred calves to study the effect of formulated milk replacer on nutrients intake, feed conversion efficiency, cost of feeding and disease incidence. Eighteen newly born calves of either sex were selected. The calves were fed colostrum up to 3 days and from 4th to 9th day whole milk at the rate of 12.5% of body weight. From 10th day the calves were randomly distributed in to three treatment group. The calves of T1 group received whole milk as per routine farm practice; T2 group was fed whole milk and commercial milk replacer as per manufacturer’s recommendation, whereas T3 group calves received formulated milk replacer @ 12.5 % of body weight with upper limit of 4 kg per day. The overall initial (day 10) and final (day 94) body weight of calves were 27.71±6.53 and 44.96±10.60 kg, respectively. Overall average dry matter intake (DMI) per day, as per cent body weight and per kg metabolic body weight (W0.75) was 0.52±0.02 kg, 1.45±0.03 kg and 35.34±0.78 g, respectively. The dry matter intake in T1 was significantly higher followed by T2 than T3. Overall intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN) on daily, per cent body weight and per kg W0.75 basis was 0.546±0.02 kg, 1.28±0.04 kg and 31.03±0.87 g, respectively. The DM intake for each kg gain was significantly lower in T3 (3.07 kg) and T1 (3.02) than T2 (4.79 kg) calves. The feed conversion efficiency (TDN intake kg/kg gain) was significantly superior in T3 (2.22) followed by T2 (4.23), whereas in T1 (2.95) it was intermediate. The feed cost and total rearing cost were lower (p less than 0.05) for farm formulated milk replacer (T3) than commercial milk replacer (T2) and was highest for milk feeding (T1) group. The feed cost and total rearing cost per unit gain in weight were also lower (p less than 0.05) for farm formulated milk replacer (T3) than other two groups. The disease incidences were intermediate in farm formulated milk replacer (T3). Thus, raising crossbred calves on farm formulated milk replacer can be a better option for economic gain of farmers, health of calves and (sparing) more milk for humans.

The effect of dicalcium phosphate supplements on the intake and digestibility of Townsville lucerne and spear grass by sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Playne
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Difference

Sheep were fed either Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) or spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) with and without dicalcium phosphate for an 11-week period. Voluntary intake, dry matter digestibility and liveweight changes of the animals were measured. Sheep fed Townsville lucerne gained body weight whereas those fed spear grass lost weight. Added dicalcium phosphate (4.5 g/day) increased dry matter intake and liveweight gain of the sheep fed Townsville lucerne, but not the digestion coefficient. Sheep consuming spear grass did not respond in any way to the supplement. All sheep fed spear grass received urea daily (2.9g N/day) as a nitrogen supplement. The difference between the two groups in response to dicalcium phosphate is discussed in terms of the chemical composition of the two feeds.

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius ◽  
Tawose O M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea.  N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

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