Long- and short-term effects on intake of pelleting a roughage for sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
G. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
05 C ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chopped Grass

SUMMARY1. Four groups of eight castrated male lambs, weighing initially about 37 kg, were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks on: C, chopped dried grass throughout; P, pelleted grass throughout; C/P (or P/C), the two forms alternated every 3 weeks; or C + P, both forms on offer.2. Daily dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75) was 58·2 for treatment C and 814 for treatment P; thus the long-term difference in intake was 40%. However, in the alternated sheep, dry-matter intake was 53·6 g/kg W0·75 for chopped grass and 86·5 g for pelleted; this short-term difference (61%) was significantly greater than the long-term difference. Dry-matter intake for treatment C+P was 84·9 g/kg W0·75; after the first week, chopped grass comprised only 10% of this. Dry-matter digestibility coefficients (%) were: C, 740; P, 61·4 and C+P, 62·0.3. The sheep were killed in week 19 and the dimensions of digestive organs and their contents were adjusted to an animal of 50 kg empty body weight. The weight of the reticulo-rumen was greater for C (1·30 kg) than for P (0·94) or C+ P (1·05), C/P and P/C being inter-mediate (1·15). The water-filled volume of the rumen was proportional to weight, except that C/P (alternated sheep finishing on pelleted grass) had low volumes. Reticulo-rumen fill was greater for C (7·28 kg) than for P (3·97) or C+ P (4·53), P/C (5·90) and C/P (4·34) being intermediate. There were no other significant differences in organs or contents.4. Gains in empty-body weight (g/day) were: C, 112; P, 181; C/P and P/C, 126; C + P, 195.

Effect of monensin supplementation on growth, feed digestibility and utilization in young calves

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ilan ◽  
A. Ben-Asher ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Z. Nitsan ◽  
I. Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Feeding Trials

ABSTRACTTwo feeding trials were carried out with Israeli Friesian male calves, commencing at an average age of 7 to 10 days, and covering a suckling period of 30 days followed by a further 90 days. A conventional starter, or one that contained cotton hulls, was used. In each experiment one group of 10 animals served as a control and a similar group was monensin-supplemented. No coccidia were found in the animals. In experiments 1 and 2 monensin supplementation was associated with increased daily gains of 10% and 47% during the suckling period and of 6% and 17% during the next 90 days, but only the differences obtained in experiment 2 were significant. In both experiments, dry-matter intake relative to body weight was higher with monensin supplementation in period 1, but reduced in period 2. The effect of monensin on molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids was smaller than that reported by previous authors for older cattle.A separate digestibility trial showed that monensin administered to suckling calves, either with milk replacer or directly into the rumen, improved dry-matter digestibility, increased the excretion of amylase, and tended to reduce that of trypsin and chymotrypsin.

scholarly journals Effect of Cow Nutrition in the Far-off Period on Colostrum Quality and Immune Response of Calves

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Nowak ◽  
Robert Mikuła ◽  
Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka ◽  
Marta Ignatowicz ◽  
Andrzej Zachwieja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the limitation of energy intake by restrictive dry matter intake in the faroff part (from -56 d to -22 d) of dry period on the colostrum quality and the calf immunological status. Thirty-eight Polish Holstein- Friesian Black and White multiparous cows and their calves were randomly allotted to one of the two dietary treatments in the far-off period. In group ADLIB, diet was offered ad libitum (2.0% body weight), while in group REST, dry matter intake was restricted to 1.5% of body weight. Lowered feed intake in the far-off period did not have a statistically significant influence on the quality of colostrum. On the 3rd d of calves’ life, serum concentrations of immunoglobulins, albumins, globulins, total protein, and IGF-1 were not affected by treatments of dam in the far-off period. The concentrations of total Ig and G and A immunoglobulins of 21-day-old calves from cows fed ad libitum during the far-off period was found to be significantly lower compared to REST group. No significant differences in birth weight and growth rate during the first 21 d of life were found. Limiting maternal diet in far-off period did not affect negatively colostrum quality and calves` immune response during early stages of their life.

Kale for beef production

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
G. M. Innes ◽  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTEffects on animal health and productivity of offering diets composed wholly or partly of kale to Hereford × Friesian steers were examined in two growth trials and a digestibility trial. Rates of daily gain (kg), daily dry-matter intake (kg) and coefficients of dry-matter digestibility by 24 steers offered proportions of 0·50 or 0·75 kale with rolled barley or 100 kale were respectively 1·05, 7·5, 0·76; 0·72, 5·8, 0·72; and 0·48, 5·3, 0·70. Of 48 steers given 0·25 or 0·50 kale with rolled barley, fodderbeet or swede turnips, the food intakes and daily gains of those offered barley were greatest on the higher proportion of kale whereas with fodderbeet and turnips the food intakes and gains were higher (P<005 and P<0·01) respectively on the lower proportion of kale. Although daily intakes of S-methylcysteine sulphoxide were high, reaching 0·25 and 0·33 g per kg body weight in trials 1 and 2 respectively, and moderate changes in blood metabolism occurred, there were no cases of haemolytic anaemia. Steers given only kale produced the poorest daily live-weight gain and the results suggested that the inclusion of kale should be limited to 0·50 of the total diet.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF VARYING RATIO OF COWPEA HUSK AND MAIZE MILLING WASTE ON THE FEED INTAKE, PROTEIN AND ENERGY UTILIZATION BY THE GOAT.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
A. A. Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The acceptability and efficacy of. combinations of cowpea husk (CH) and maize milling waste (MMW) as feed for the goat were tested. The experiment, in a 4x4 Latin square design involved digestion trials with 4 West African dwarf grower goats weighing 8.2 to 9.6 kg. and about 4 months old. There were 3 experimental diets made up of CH and MMW in 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 ratio of mixture. The control diet was 60 percent chopped Pennisetum purpureum plus 40 percent concentrate ration. The animals were fed at 5 percent of body weight. All trials lasted 80 days. Parameters for assessment were dry matter intake, protein and energy intakes and utilization. Feed intake values (%of body weight) in all experiemental diets were higher than 3 percent and increased with increasing levels of cowpea husk, Only the intake of 4.38% of body weight from 75:25 CH-MMW supported weight gain. Increases in MMW in the experimental diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) increases in dry matter digestibility. The crude protein intake and digestion increased with increasing inclusion of cowpea husk, but intake and utilization were not adequate at CH-MMW 25:75 and 50:50. The energy intake and utilization increased (P<0.05) across the treatment. Increasing levels of cowpea husk enhanced dry matter, energy intakes and energy utilization, Decreasing levels of cowpea, consistent with increasing MMW improved dry matter digestibility but not dry matter intake. The high crude fibre of cowpea husk is implicated. The utilization of the available energy in the mixture is limited by protein intake.

scholarly journals Self-fed Supplements of Low and Medium Intake for Beef Steers Finished on Pasture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saimon de Souza Souza ◽  
Régis Luis Missio ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Jefferson Felipe Cavazzana ◽  
Marcelo Machado Severo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract The obstacles of using supplementation are related to the cost and labor. Self-fed supplements of low and medium intake can be an option to overcome these problems. However, the nutritive value and pasture yield are crucial to finding the right composition and amount of supplement. We evaluated productive responses of steers receiving self-fed supplements of low and medium intake on Aruana grass pasture. The animal performance, ingestive behavior, and pasture characteristics were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates. Twenty-four Aberdeen Angus steers were used as the tester animals. The dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a 3 x 3 double Latin square repeated over time. The treatments consisted of mineral salt (control), supplementation for intake of 1.5 g/kg body weight (low-intake), and supplementation for intake of 4.0 g/kg body weight (medium-intake). The supplements did not influence the pasture characteristics and ingestive behavior, except the number of bites/day that was higher for the low-intake. Dry matter digestibility and forage intake were not affected by the supplementation, but the total dry matter intake increased for the medium-intake. The average daily gain, stocking rate, and fat thickness gain were higher for the medium-intake. The self-fed supplements of medium-intake increase the total dry matter intake, maximizing the performance of steers on Aruana grass.

GROWTH AND DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES WITH GROWING–FINISHING PIGS RECEIVING WHOLE BARLEY OR GROUND BARLEY BY VARIOUS FEEDING METHODS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. BEAMES ◽  
T. N. NGWIRA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Growth Trial

Two growth trials and one digestibility trial with growing–finishing pigs are reported. In each growth trial, three groups of six barrows and three groups of six gilts were placed on each of the four dietary treatments of barley plus 15% soybean meal from approx. 23 kg body weight to approx. 84 kg body weight. The four treatments consisted of providing barley whole or ground, with the concentrates either mixed with the barley or supplied 6 h after the meal of barley. The feed allowance was slightly greater in the second trial than in the first. In the digestibility trial there were two sources of barley, each presented in three forms: whole, rehydrated acid-preserved whole, and ground, all mixed with the concentrates. Each diet was supplied at a restricted level or ad libitum to barrows at 28.9 kg and 57.0 kg mean body weight. In neither growth trial was there a significant effect of method of providing the ground barley on performance. With whole barley, feed efficiency was significantly inferior to that obtained with ground barley, being 20–37% lower when whole grain and concentrates were mixed, but only 5–16% lower when the whole grain and concentrates were provided separately. The digestibility trial indicated no differences between the two forms of whole grain, but a superior utilization of the ground grain. Dry matter digestibility of both forms of whole grain was significantly greater in the younger pigs than in the older pigs, increasing from 63.0 to 71.1% for the whole grain, and from 62.3 to 73.2% for the rehydrated acid-preserved whole grain. Dry matter digestibility of ground grain averaged 77.6% and was not affected by age of pig, but was significantly reduced by ad libitum feeding.

Feeding hay supplemented with peas or low protein oats to crossbred lambs born in the spring

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hodge ◽  
B Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Four Levels

Crossbred lambs [Poll Dorset x (Border Leicester x Merino)] were offered pasture hay (12% crude protein, 55.3% dry matter digestibility) ad libitum and supplemented with four levels of cereal (oats) or legume (peas) grains; 0, 250, or 500 g/head.d, or ad libitum in individual pens or in groups of 30 (feedlot). Increasing the level of supplementation of peas of the individually fed lambs from 0 to ad libitum increased total dry matter intake from 22 1 to 1041 g/head.d (P< 0.01), liveweight gain from - 70 to 263 g/d and wool growth from 13.1 to 38.3 mg clean wool/cm2. The corresponding results for oats were: total intake from 22 1 to 3 15 g/head.d (P> 0.05), liveweight gain from -70 to 52 g/d (P < 0.01) and wool growth from 13.1 to 15.2 mg clean wool/cm2 (P> 0.05). The intake of hay by the lambs supplemented with peas was not depressed until the peas were offered ad libitum but there was a significant decrease in the intake of hay (P< 0.01) at the lowest level of supplementation of oats. A similar pattern of response for total intake, intake of hay and liveweight gain was observed with the feedlot lambs.

scholarly journals Effects of supplementation strategies for beef cattle in tropical grassland conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e15996384
Author(s):  
Venício Macêdo Carvalho ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Túlio Otávio Jardim D`´Almeida Lins ◽  
Mateus de Melo Lisboa ◽  
Maria Magna Silva Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was realized to evaluate the dry matter intake, nutrient digestibilities, and animal performance of crossbred steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, during the rainy season. Thirty-three crossbred steers with an average weight of 203.5 ± 39.5 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eleven replications. The results were analyzed using an ANOVA and a Tukey test with a 5% probability of error. The three experimental diets were: MSA – mineral salt ad libitum; MSU - mineral salt + urea ad libitum and PSU - protein supplementation (0.1% of body weight). The dry matter intake of forage and total dry matter intake were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. The dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total carbohydrates digestibilitities coefficients were influenced (P < 0.05) by treatments. The final body weight, average daily gain, and feed efficiency were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. The supplementation strategies used during the rainy season resulted in a similar performance; therefore, the strategy adopted could be chosen according to the economical and regional conditions of the production.

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