The effects of exogenous bovine growth hormone and bromocriptine on growth, body development, fleece weight and plasma concentrations of growth hormone, insulin and prolactin in female lambs

1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Johnsson ◽  
I. C. Hart ◽  
B. W. Butler-Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACTIn crossbred female lambs given a concentrate diet ad libitum between 8 and 20 weeks of age, daily subcutaneous injections of 0·1 mg bovine pituitary growth hormone (GH) per kg live weight increased daily live-weight gain (347 v. 284 g/day; P < 0·01; no. = 8), food conversion efficiency (3·94 v. 4·49 kg dry matter per kg gain; P < 0·01) and greasy fleece weight (1·49 v. 0·99 kg; P < 0·001). The increase (4·8 kg) in final live weight was due primarily to an increase in the non-carcass components of the body (3·5 kg), with little effect on carcass weight (1·3 kg). However, bovine GH treatment markedly increased the weights of lean tissue (11·4 v. 9·2 kg; P < 0·001) and bone (2·8 v. 2·4 kg; P < 0·001) and moderately reduced the weight of fat (7·0 v. 8·0 kg; P < 0·10) in the carcass. The bovine GH treatment raised plasma concentrations of immunoreactive GH within the physiological range for about 16 h each day and significantly increased mean plasma concentrations of insulin and prolactin. Daily injection of 1 mg bromocriptine had no effect on daily live-weight gain, food conversion efficiency or carcass composition. This treatment markedly reduced plasma concentrations of prolactin but also significantly reduced insulin concentrations. When given in combination with bovine GH, bromocriptine reduced the GH-induced stimulation of insulin concentration and tended to decrease the effects of GH on food conversion efficiency and growth. This interaction was significant only for the effects on greasy fleece and skin weights (P < 0·01).

A comparison of the performance of suckled lambs with lambs weaned at seven weeks of age and either grazed or given concentrates

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

SUMMARY1. Seventy-two Blackface ewes with 96 Greyface (Border Leicester ♂ × Blackface ♀) lambs were allocated to three groups. Twenty-four ewes with 32 suckling lambs were set-stocked on 2·4 hectares (ha) of grass (A); 32 lambs were weaned and set-stocked on 2·4 ha of grass (B) and 32 lambs were weaned, housed and given concentrates (C). Beef cows with calves were used to control the grass in the two grazing groups.2. The average initial live weight of the lambs was 18 kg. Treatments had a significant effect on performance, the live-weight gains per lamb over the initial 35 days being 11·2, 9·1 and 5·9 kg for groups A, B and C respectively. The total gains over 70 days, when the suckled lambs (A) were weaned, were 17·6, 15·5 and 14·3 kg.3. The total live-weight gain per ha from lambs and calves over 88 days was higher on treatment B than on treatment A. The lambs weaned on to grass took 9 days longer than the suckled lambs to reach a slaughter weight of 42 kg and had significantly poorer killing-out percentages.4.The lambs given concentrates had an overall food conversion efficiency of 4·89 kg concentrates per kg live-weight gain.

Growth promotion by oral administration of enkephalinase inhibitors (thiorphan and acetorphan) in rats and mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
P. J. M. Rivière ◽  
L. Buéno
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Enkephalinase Inhibitors ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractThe effects of long-term oral administration of enkephalinase inhibitors (acetorphan and thiorphan) on food and water intake, live-weight gain and food conversion efficiency were investigated in growing rats and mice. In rats, daily drenching with acetorphan (an absorbable prodrug of thiorphan) at 1 mg/kg per day for 8 days did not alter food and water consumption but significantly increased live-weight gain (32·0 (s.d. 5·1) g for control rats v. 40·7 (s.d. 9·1) g for treated rats (P ≤ 0·05 U test) and improved food conversion efficiency (4·37 (s.d. 0·49) g food per g gain for control rats v. 3·70 (s.d. 0·67) g food per g gain for treated rats). In mice, lower doses (0·2 mg/kg per day) of thiorphan and acetorphan given in the drinking water similarly affected live-weight gain (7·7 (s.d. 0·9) g v. 6·0 (s.d. 1·6) g in 3-week-old mice receiving thiorphan and 2·6 (s.d. 0·4) g in 5-week-old mice receiving acetorphan) with a likely improvement in food conversion efficiency. These results suggest that oral administration of enkephalinase inhibitors may alter growth in rodents, probably by affecting the digestive process.

A comparison of the feeding value of maize and sorghum for fattening pigs

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. X. Vanschoubroek ◽  
R. L. Van Spaendonk ◽  
W. Nauwynck
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

Six comparable groups, each of 4 castrate pigs, were used to compare the feed value of maize and sorghum as estimated by live-weight gain, food conversion efficiency, slaughter quality and ham composition.The maize ration contained 40% yellow maize and the sorghum ration 40% Sorghum vulgare subglabrescens, all other ingredients being the same for both diets.No statistically significant differences were found between the maize and sorghum pigs with regard to the criteria mentioned.It is concluded that no difference exists between the feed value of the maize and the sorghum used. This result is in better agreement with the net energy values of maize and sorghum as calculated by the formula of Hoff-mann and digestion coefficients for pigs, than with “classical” starch equivalents.

Effects on performance and behaviour of mixing 20-kg pigs fed individually

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rundgren ◽  
I. Löfquist
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACTThe effects of mixing on agonistic behaviour and performance were studied in 90 individually fed pigs, grouped at a mean live weight of 23 kg by one of the following three methods: (1) six unmixed littermates; (2) three pigs from each of two litters; and (3) one pig from each of six litters. Unmixed animals (treatment 1) did not fight and the mode of fighting differed between treatment 2 and 3. Mixing decreased daily weight gain in the period 23 to 100 kg for barrows, but not for gilts. For gilts, food conversion efficiency was negatively correlated with the number of received attacks in the observation period (80 min after mixing), and for the barrows to fighting injury scores.

A note on direct measurement of food spillage when growing pigs are given food to appetite

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-464
Author(s):  
A. T. S. Morrow ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Identical Composition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

Ten crossbred boars were penned individually and offered either meal or pellets of identical composition to appetite from single space hopper feeders which also provided water. The hoppers were sited on raised steel mesh platforms 1·2 m × 0·87 m in size under which was placed a similar sized collecting tray. Spilled food was collected for 24 h once weekly for the 4-week experimental period. Live-weight gain tended to be lower on the meal diet compared with the pellets (882 v. 968 (s.e. 28·7); P = 0·07) while food conversion efficiency (g food per g growth) was worse on the meal diet (2·65 v. 241 (s.e. 0·059); P < 0·05). Food spillage is the most likely explanation for the difference in food conversion, however collectable spilled food was (g/g food offered) 0·0089 and 0·0026 respectively of meal and pellets offered. The value for the meal diet is about one-tenth of the expected value and suggests that direct collection of spillage from non-pelleted diets even over a wide area in front of the feeder is not an accurate technique.

Production responses of lambs immunized against somatostatin

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Zainur ◽  
R. M. Hoskinson ◽  
R. C. Kellaway
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
And Control ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractThe production responses of crossbred lambs [Poll Dorset (♂ × (Border Leicester ♂ × Merino ♀)] immunized against somatostatin (sornatotropin release inhibiting factor; SRIF) and whose mothers were also given anti-somatostatin vaccination was investigated in this study. There were no significant differences between immunized and control lambs in term of live-weight gain, food intake, food conversion efficiency, digestibility, eating pattern, wool growth and carcass composition. The concentration of growth hormone in plasma of immune lambs was not significantly elevated, even though the lambs had a generally increasing anti-SRIF antibody titre during the experiment. The findings suggest that although the lambs were successfully immunized against SRIF, homeorhetic mechanisms maintained growth hormone and productivity traits within normal levels.

Growth and carcass characteristics of desert goat kids and their temperate cross

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
S. A. Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

AbstractCrossbreeding of desert goat does with the temperate Saanen x Toggenburg buck was found to result in a significant increase in the daily live-weight gain and the empty body weight of their progeny slaughtered at about 30 kg live weight when compared with purebred desert goat kids (P < 0·001). Food intake did not differ between the two types of kids, but live-weight food conversion efficiency was significantly superior in crossbred kids (P < 0·05).Carcass weight and killing-out proportion tended to be greater in the crossbred kids reflecting lower weights of head, skin, internal organs and gut fill. Breed types did not differ in the weights of individual wholesale cuts. Carcass dissection revealed significantly higher muscle proportion (P < 0·05), significantly lower fat proportion (P < 0·01) and higher muscle: bone ratio in the crossbred kids.

Breed and sex differences in equally mature sheep and goats 1. Growth and food intake

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Thonney ◽  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Size Scaling ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACTGenetic size-scaling accounts for most of the variation found among mammalian species in food intake and growth rate, with food conversion efficiency independent of the body size of the species. Is the same true of breeds and strains within species?Animals from Soay, Welsh Mountain, Southdown, Finish Landrace, Jacob, Wiltshire Horn and Oxford Down sheep breeds and from a breed of feral goats were grown to 0·40, 0·52, 0·64 or 0·76 of the mean mature weight of their breed and sex. Food was offered ad libitum and individually recorded.Allometric growth coefficients were obtained for fleece weight, femur weight and femur length. Fleece was late maturing and femur early.Breed and sex size-scaling coefficients, obtained by regression of breed and sex means on mature size, were similar to those found at the species level for age from conception to slaughter, time taken to mature and food conversion efficiency. Coefficients were higher than expected for total and daily food consumption, especially at early stages of maturity. Most breed coefficients were close to expectation while sex coefficients were somewhat higher than expected.There were significant breed deviations: Welsh Mountain, Oxford Down and probably Soay sheep required less time and Jacob sheep and feral goats required more time to mature than expected from differences in mature size. Soay and Welsh Mountain sheep appeared to be more efficient and feral goats and Jacob sheep less efficient food converters over the same maturity interval.

The utilization by beef cattle of a cereal supplement given in liquid suspension or in the dry form

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Renton ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Liquid Suspension

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out in which a cereal supplement was given to beef cattle, either in suspension in water or as a dry supplement. There were no significant differences between treatments in live-weight gain, food intake or food conversion ratios. Although there was a tendency for the digestibility coefficients of all constituents to be lower on the diet containing the liquid supplement, the differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that giving a supplement in suspension has no adverse effect on the utilization of the overall diet and could facilitate mechanization of the feeding operation.

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