A note on the effect of weaning age on lamb production

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
M. A. Sharafeldin ◽  
I. A. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYAt birth, the Barki lambs used in this experiment were randomly allocated to three groups which numbered 133, 126 and 154 lambs of both sexes weaned at the ages of 10 weeks (Group I), 12 weeks (Group II) and 16 weeks (Group III) respectively.The most pronounced differences between the three groups of lambs in their body weights took place at the age from 4 to 6 months. Group II lambs performed as well as or even slightly better than the other two groups, which leads to the conclusion that as far as the body weight of lambs is concerned there is no need to extend their suckling period more than 12 weeks.The three groups of lambs varied little in their mortality rates from 2·5 to 12 months of age.

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

scholarly journals Sędziowski wymiar kary za przestępstwa zagrożone identycznymi sankcjami w świetle danych statystycznych

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Aneta Michalska-Warias
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Freedom ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Group Ii

<p>The article is devoted to the analysis of court punishment practice in the case of offences which have the same statutory punishment. Three groups of such offences are selected: offences punished with imprisonment from 2 to 12 years (group I), offences punished with imprisonment from 3 months to 5 years (group II) and offences punished with imprisonment from 1 month to 3 years (group III). Most of the analysed offences belonged to the group of offences against freedom (including sexual freedom) and the other chosen offences were against other socially cherished values were those quite popular in practice (therefore, the statistical data in their cases are quite representative). The analysed year was 2016. The starting hypothesis was that offences which have identical punishments in the Criminal Code (which means that the lawmaker perceives them as socially harmful in a similar way) will not be treated in such a similar way in practice and in all groups there would be offences which would be punished with visibly more severe and lighter punishments. Detailed analysis of statistical data referring to punishments imposed for the discussed offences confirmed the initial hypothesis, showing also the already known fact that courts tend to impose punishments which are closer to the minimum than to the maximum provided by the lawmaker.</p>

scholarly journals Investigation of the Protective Effects of Taurine against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Retinal Changes via Electroretinogram and Retinal Histology with New Zealand White Rabbits

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tung-Hsing Chiang ◽  
Shang-Min Yeh ◽  
Yi-Chen Chen ◽  
Shiun-Long Lin ◽  
Jung-Kai Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Diabetic Retina ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective role of orally administered taurine against diabetic retinal changes via electroretinogram (ERG) and retinal histology on rabbits. Rabbits were randomly assigned into groups: Group I (vehicle administration only); Group II (diabetes: induced by 100 mg/kg alloxan injection); Group III (diabetes and fed with 200 mg/kg taurine); and Group IV (diabetes and fed with 400 mg/kg taurine). The body weight and blood glucose levels of the rabbits were monitored weekly. The ERG was measured on weeks 5 and 15. Retinal histology was analyzed in the end of the experiment. Results revealed that a taurine supplement significantly ameliorates the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and protects the retina from electrophysiological changes. Group II showed a significant(P<0.05)change in the mean scotopic b-wave amplitude when compared to that of Group I, whereas the diabetic rabbits treated with taurine (Group III and IV) were analogous to Group I. Histologically, the amount of Bipolar and Müller cells showed no difference(P>0.05)between all groups and when compared with those of Group I. Our study provides solid evidences that taurine possesses an antidiabetic activity, reduced loss of body weight, and less electrophysiological changes of the diabetic retina.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HATI TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIBERIKAN JUS TOMAT (Solanum Lycopersicum) PASCA KERUSAKAN HATI WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARBON TETRAKLORIDA (CCl4)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Sari Tappi ◽  
Poppy Lintong ◽  
Lily Loho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract: Liver is the largest organ in the abdominal cavity. As the center of metabolism in the body, liver is potentially damaged by exposure of toxic substances, inter alia carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) produces CCl3 free radicals that can damage the liver. In Indonesia, there are a lot of natural ingredients that have antioxidant properties, such as tomato. Lycopene in tomatoes contains antioxidant compounds that can prevent damages due to free radical. This study aimed to obtain liver histopathological changes of wistar rats fed with tomato juice after being induced of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This was an experimental study, using 10 wistar rats which were divided into 4 groups. Group I was the negative control; group II was induced with CCl4 0,05 cc/day and was terminated on day 6; group III was induced with CCl4 0,05 cc/day and was given tomato juice 3 ml/day, and terminated on day 13; group IV was induced by CCl4 0,05 cc/day, given regular pellets, and terminated on day 13. The results showed that group II had histopathological changes of the liver indicating fatty liver, meanwhile group III showed regeneration of nearly all liver cells. Conclusion: Administration of tomato juice after the induction of 3 ml carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 7 day showed regeneration of almost all liver cells. Keywords: histopathological changes of the liver, carbon tetrachloride, tomato juice.   Abstrak: Hati merupakan organ terbesar dalam rongga abdomen, dan pusat metabolisme tubuh dengan fungsi yang sangat kompleks dan sangat berpotensi mengalami kerusakan akibat terpapar oleh bahan-bahan toksik, salah satunya yaitu karbon tertraklorida (CCL4). Metabolisme CCl4 menghasilkan radikal bebas CCl3 yang dapat merusak hati. Di Indonesia terdapat  banyak sekali bahan-bahan alami yang mempunyai kandungan antioksidan, salah satunya yaitu tomat. Tomat mengandung senyawa likopen sebagai antioksidan yang dapat mencegah kerusakan jaringan akibat radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran histopatologi hati tikus wistar yang diberi jus tomat pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4). Metode penelitian ialah eksperimental. Sampel sebanyak 10 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol negatif; kelompok II diinduksi CCl4 0,05cc/perhari dan diterminasi hari ke-6; kelompok III diinduksi CCl4 0,05 cc/hari kemudian diberikan jus tomat 3ml/hari;  dan kelompok IV diinduksi CCl4 0,05 cc/hari kemudian diberikan pelet biasa dan diterminasi hari ke-13. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada pemberian CCl4 pada tikus wistar selama 5 hari terdapat gambaran morfologik perlemakan sel hati. Pemberian jus tomat dosis 3 ml pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) menunjukkan terjadinya regenerasi pada hampir seluruh sel-sel hati. Simpulan: Pemberian jus tomat dosis 3 ml pasca induksi karbon tetraklorida (CCl4) selama 7 hari menunjukkan regenerasi pada hampir seluruh sel-sel hati. Kata kunci: gambaran histopatologi hati, karbon tetraklorida, jus tomat.

scholarly journals Formation features of humoral immunity in newborn calves in case of including haylage with bio-preservative into the diet of cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Anna Karamaeva ◽  
Larisa Bakaeva ◽  
Natalia Soboleva ◽  
Sergey Karamaev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Group I ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Group Ii

The peculiarities of the formation of colostrum in the udder of cows and the immune status in the body of calves in the first hours and days after birth, when included in the diet of cows, haylage from eastern goat’s rue prepared with the use of bio-preservatives “Silostan” (group II) and “GreenGrass 3 × 3”(Group III). The study of colostrum of the first milk yield showed that feeding cows with silage with the bio-preservative “Silostan” contributed to an increase in the content of immunoglobulins by 4.0% (Р<0,001), with bio-preservative “GreenGras 3 × 3” - by 5.3% (Р<0,001). After drinking the first portion of colostrum, immunoglobulins appear in the blood serum of calves after 2 hours. After 6 hours, the content of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of calves of group II was 21.9% higher than in group I (haylage without preservative) (P < 0.05), group III - by 27.1% (P <0.001). The proportion of calves with an immunoglobulin content 6 hours after the first feeding with colostrum not more than 6.0 mg / ml, decreased in group II by 12.0%, in group III - by 20.0%.

The Coloration of Gladiolus I. Survey of Anthocyanins in Petals of Gladiolus

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naaman Akavia ◽  
Dieter Strack ◽  
Avner Cohen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract The six common anthocyanidins found in Gladiolus petals occur in four types of glycosilation: 3-glucoside, 3-rhamnoglucoside, 3,5-diglucoside, and 3-rhamnoglucoside-5-glucoside. The six monoglucosides appear in minute quantities, whereas any of the other 18 anthocyanins can serve as the major contributor to the coloration of Gladiolus petals. In high performance liquid chromatographic analyses of petal pigment composition of nine cultivars, it was found that the anthocyanins are grouped on the basis of the aglycon substitution. Thus, pelargonidin appears by itself (group I), cyanidin and peonidin constitute group II, and delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin group III.

An Investigation of a Group of Norwegian School Children with regard to Body Burden of 137Cs due to Radioactive Fallout

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-442
Author(s):  
Kjell Madshus ◽  
Aksel Strømme
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Radioactive Fallout ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Norwegian School ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Daily Milk

The 137Cs body burden in three groups of children from the same school is presented (Group I: boys aged 19 years, Group II: boys aged 15 years, Group III: girls aged 15 years). A comparison between the three groups showed that the 137Cs body burden in Group I was twice as high as those in the other two groups, between which there was only a negligible difference. Since the diet was principally the same for all the participants, it is suggested that the 137Cs metabolism changes between the ages of 15 and 19 years. It was impossible in any of the three groups to find a correlation between the daily milk intake and the 137Cs body burden.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF CORTICOSTERONE AND CORTISOL IN THE BODY OF CHICKENS DURING A STRESS REACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
L.N. Sayfutdinova ◽  
◽  
M.A. Derkho ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Cortisol Ratio

The variability of corticosterone and cortisol concentrations and their ratio in laying hens during the development of a stress reaction, as well as the correlation of hormone levels with the variability of protein parameters in the blood, are evaluated. It was found that when the technological factor (the density of birds in the cage) changes by 1.5 times, the amount of glucocorticoids in the blood of birds during the stress reaction increases, both due to corticosterone and cortisol. Therefore, the balance between the hormones were not significantly changed and is in the range of 4.23-5,43conv. Units. When the technological factor is increased by 2 times, the content of corticosterone in the blood of birds mainly increases, determining an increase in the value of the corticosterone/cortisol ratio by 16.56-28.71%. The biological effects of glucocorticoids in the body of birds are realized by corticosterone, the level of which in a moderate and strong degree, including statistically significant, both under normal and stress conditions, is associated with the activity of transamination enzymes: Corticosterone-AlAT (r(group I) = 0,69±0,32 – 0,88±0,21; r(group II) =0.63±0.24 – 0.91±0.13; r(group III) = 0,59±0,22 – 0,76±0,16) and Corticosterone-AsAT (r(I group) = 0,57±0,36 – 0,83±0,25; r(group II) =0,68±0,23 – 0,72±0,22; r(group III) = 0,67±0,19 – 0,89±0,12), and also with the concentration of albumins during the development of a stress reaction (Corticosterone-Alb: r(group II) = -0,69±0,22 – -0,81±0,19; r(group III) = -0,58±0,21 – -0,81±0,16).

The occurrence of abnormal body weight values and selected eating habits and physical activity of nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Wioletta Waksmańska ◽  
Halina Woś ◽  
Rafał Bobiński
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Group Ii

Aim. The aim of the research was to analyze the incidence of abnormal body weight values and to assess eating habits and physical activity of nurses.Material and Methods. The studies involved all first‑year nursing students of the second degree daily studies, working as a nurse. The women’s eating habits were analyzed based the diet. The questionnaire allowed the researchers to determine daily consumption of each particular dietary component (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, vitamins) as well as the women’s calorie consumption.Results. The analysis showed that the group of underweight participants was comprised of 5 students (group I), the group of participants with normal body weight — of 43 students (group II), and the group of participants with excessive body weight — of 10 students (group III). Group II students spent the longest time on (moderate and intense) physical activity (on average 378 minutes/week), whereas group III students — the shortest (on average 203 minutes/week). While analyzing the average protein intake, it was found that all groups exceeded its daily requirement. The intake of sodium and cholesterol was exceeded more than twice of the recommended amount. A very low intake of vitamin D — covering from 40 to 48% of the daily requirement — was observed in all groups.Conclusions. Despite the fact that the nurses’ diet includes all nutrients necessary for the body, it is not properly balanced which obliges to raising awareness of types of consumed food.

scholarly journals Characterization of Botryosphaeria dothidea Isolates Collected from Pistachio and Other Plant Hosts in California

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Ma ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Group Ii

Eighty-six isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, were collected from pistachio and other plant hosts in California. The isolates were characterized by microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR), sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S gene, and ITS2), morphological and cultural characters, osmotic and fungicide sensitivity, and pathogenicity on pistachio. Three groups of these isolates were identified based upon analysis of MP-PCR data and ITS sequences. Group I contained 43 pycnidiospore-derived isolates collected from pistachio and other hosts. Group II consisted of 20 ascosporic isolates obtained from a single sequoia plant. Group III consisted of 20 ascosporic isolates from three shoots on a single blackberry plant, two pycnidiospore-derived isolates from incense cedar, and one from pistachio. Group I predominated over the other two groups in California pistachio orchards. B. dothidea isolates of group III grew faster on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) than the isolates of groups I and II. Isolates of group III produced pycnidia on both APDA and autoclaved pistachio shoots, but the isolates of the other two groups produced pycnidia on only autoclaved pistachio shoots. Additionally, significant differences in osmotic and fungicide sensitivities were observed among these three groups. Results from lathhouse inoculations demonstrated that the representative isolates for each of the three groups were all capable of infecting pistachio and producing characteristic disease symptoms of Botryosphaeria blight. The virulence of group II isolates on pistachio was, however, significantly lower than that of group I isolates.

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