The voluntary intake of roughages by pregnant and by lactating dairy cows

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marsh ◽  
M. K. Curran ◽  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARY1. Effects of late pregnancy and early lactation on the voluntary intake of dried grass (Expt 1) and a poor quality seeds hay (Expt 2) by dairy cows are described. Each cow received a constant daily allocation of concentrates throughout late pregnancy. After calving half the cows received an 80% increase in concentrates, and the remainder continued to receive their pre-partum allowance.2. Mean daily intakes of dried grass were higher than those of poor quality seeds hay. Intake of dried grass in week 2 of lactation was significantly correlated with the live weight of the cows, but a non-significant correlation was observed when seeds hay was offered.3. During late pregnancy mean daily intakes of both roughages were approximately constant until the week immediately before par turition, when a significant decline occurred.4. After calving mean daily intakes of both roughages increased throughout the first six weeks of lactation by 20–30% of the intake at week 1 post partum.5. The 80% increase in daily concentrate allocation in early lactation caused a significant decline of 0·55 kg dried grass dry-matter intake per kg concentrate dry matter; the decline of 0·17 kg poor quality hay dry matter per kg concentrate dry matter was not significant.

Effect of work applied at different stages of lactation on milk production, reproduction and live-weight change of F1 crossbred dairy cows used for draught

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zerbini ◽  
Alemu Gebre Wold
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Natural Pasture

AbstractThis study examined whether work applied at different stages of lactation had any effect on reproduction of cows under two feeding regimes. Twenty-four F1 crossbred dairy cows (12 Friesian × Boran and 12 Simmental × Boran) were allocated one of two diets (H + 3: natural pasture hay + 3 kg concentrate per day; and H + 5: natural pasture hay + 5 kg concentrate per day) and one of three work treatments — starting 45 days (D45), 90 days (D90) and 135 days (D135) post partum — using a principal component analysis score based on milk yield, live weight, calving interval and parity. Cows pulled sledges for 50 days (pull = 108 N per 100 kg live weight). Over the experimental period of 315 days, cows on diet H + 5 travelled a similar distance and produced amounts of fat-corrected milk (FCM) similar to those of cows on diet H + 3. Total intake of dry matter per kg live weight 0·75 was higher for cows on diet H + 5 than for cows on diet H + 3 and was similar across work times. Hay dry-matter intake was greater for the H + 3 group than for the H + 5 group at 180 days post partum and thereafter. Cows on diet H + 5 lost less weight in early lactation and gained more in mid and late lactation than cows on diet H + 3. During the work period, live-weight change was similar across diets but it was different between work treatments D45 and D135. The interval from calving to conception decreased by 63 and 101 days when start of work was delayed from D45 to D90 and from D45 to D 135, respectively. Output/input ratios of metabolizable energy equivalents were 0·35 for H + 3 and 0·37 for H + 5 diet, and 0·34, 0·37 and 0·40 for work times D45, D90 and D135, respectively. These results indicate that work started in early lactation significantly increased days to conception and decreased overall productivity of lactating working cows. Farmers must weigh the relative importance and cost of delayed ploughing against those of delayed oestrus or against the cost of borrowing draught power.

Effects of nutrition in late pregnancy on subsequent milk production in Ewes

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Total Birth ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARY1. Scottish Half-bred ewes carrying twin foetuses were fed individually to make live-weight gains in the last six weeks of pregnancy of (1) 20%, (2) 10% and (3) 0% of their live weight in week 14 of pregnancy. In lactation the ewes were fed ad libitum. The lambs were removed 12 to 16 hr after parturition and the ewes were machine-milked twice daily for the first six weeks of lactation.2. Total birth weights per ewe of twin lambs from the treatments were (1) 10·10 kg, (2) 9·44 kg and (3) 8·18 kg and differed significantly.3. The level and pattern of voluntary intake in lactation did not differ significantly between the treatments. Total dry-matter intakes in the six weeks of lactation were (1) 121·9 kg (2) 105·9 kg and (3) 109·5 kg.4. The pregnancy treatments affected the level of milk production and the shape of lactation curves. The total yields in the first six weeks of lactation were (1) 58·8 kg, (2) 43·5 kg and (3) 26·9 kg. Higher contents of fat and protein and the lower content of lactose in the milk from treatment-3 ewes on days 1 and 3 of lactation indicated a slower onset of lactation in these ewes. Between days 7 and 35 of lactation the contents of fat and SNF were lowest on treatment 3 but the differences were not significant.5. The live-weight changes in lactation, which were in inverse order to the gains in late pregnancy, were (1) 3·4 kg, (2) 5·5 kg and (3) 9·5 kg.

scholarly journals Feed Composition Analysis and Reproductive Status of Dairy Cows Raised in Yogyakart

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya ◽  
Diah Tri Widayati ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto ◽  
Cuk Tri Noviandi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Local Farmer

The objective of this study was to determine the content of the feed given and reproductive status of each animal and its effect on reproduction performance in early lactation dairy cows. Seven early lactation of Friesian Holstein cows were used from local farmer. The observed variable were feedstuff from local farmer and reproductive status (post partum estrous and service per conception). The results of proximat and van soest analysis from feedstuff consist of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate feed from feed mill. The elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was contained of dry matter (DM) 86.27%, Ash 18.63%, extract eter (EE) 3.84%, crude fiber (CF) 30.62%, crude protein (CP) 13.05%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 73.73% and acid detergent fiber (ADF) 45.31%. Concentrates feed was contained of dry matter (DM) 89.24%, Ash 15.36%, extract eter (EE) 5.37%, crude fiber (CF) 17.11%, crude protein (CP) 12.76%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 58.23% and acid detergent fiber (ADF) 19.20%. The results of reproductive parameters for post partum estrous (PPE) 121.43±16.672 days and service per conception (S/C) was 2.14±0.690. In conclusion the feedstuff were given less meet the requirement, and affecting the performance of reproduction.  

The voluntary intake by cattle of four silages differing in dry matter content

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jackson ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARYHerbage from the same timothy/meadow fescue/white clover sward was ensiled at four different dry matter contents. The resulting silages had dry matter contents of 19·0, 27·3, 32·3 and 43·2%, the dry matter content increasing with the length of the wilting period. An experiment was carried out to determine the voluntary intake of the silages. Each silage was given to 7 animals individually, the mean live weight of these being 334 kg.Although the silages made from wilted herbage were lower in digestibility than that made from unwilted herbage, wilting increased dry matter intake and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. The mean daily intakes of digestible organic matter were 53·0, 58·1, 59·6 and 59·6 g/kgW0·73, for silages of increasing dry matter content. The corresponding ME intakes, expressed as a multiple of the ME requirement for maintenance, were 1·17, 1·29, 1·30 and 1·28. The percentage of acetic acid in the silage dry matter was significantly (r= −0·56) and linearly related to voluntary intake. The relationship between lactic acid concentration and voluntary intake was significantly curvilinear (r= 0·48).

The effects of frequency of feeding of supplementary concentrates on performance and metabolite and IGF-1 status of ewes given silage in late pregnancy

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. B. Chestnutt ◽  
A. R. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Silage Quality

AbstractEiues on grass silage-based diets were offered, during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy, an increasing allowance of a barley-soya-fish meal concentrate (400 g/day in weeks 15/16; 600 g/day in weeks 17/18; 800 g/day in weeks 19/20) as either one, two or three feeds daily or as a complete mix with silage. Silage dry-matter intake increased with concentrate feeding frequency (P < 0·01) and was greatest with the mixed diet at an average of 1·38 of that with a single daily concentrate meal. The effect on silage intake was evident even at the lowest level of concentrate supplementation during weeks 15/16 and was independent of silage quality. Ewes gained more live weight (P < 0·01), and maintained a higher live weight post partum, as a result of increasing the frequency of feeding of concentrates but mean lamb birth weight was unaffected. Maternal serum metabolites were measured in weeks 17/18 and 19/20 only. Mean [i-hydroxybutyrate was higher, but not significantly so, in weeks 19/20 despite the increased concentrate allowance and was higher overall (P < 0·05) in ewes offered concentrates once daily compared with those receiving concentrates three times daily or mixed with the silage. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was higher in serum of ewes given frequent concentrate meals compared with those offered concentrate once daily (P < 0·05). Serum albumin and globulin increased as concentrate intake increased between weeks 17/18 and 19/20 (P < 0·05) and also, when concentrates were offered more than once daily (P < 0·05). Serum urea level was higher with more frequent concentrate meals (P < 0·01) and was affected by silage quality (P < 0·001).

The intake and performance of ewes offered concentrates and grass silage in late pregnancy

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Orr ◽  
J. E. Newton ◽  
Caroline A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Matter Concentration

ABSTRACTMasham ewes carrying single, twin or triplet foetuses were offered a ration of concentrates which increased from 200 to 650 g per ewe per day over the last 7 weeks of pregnancy in 2 years. Silage was offered ad libitum and the voluntary intake of each ewe was measured. In the first year, 30 ewes were offered a poorly-preserved, wet silage (A) which had a low digestibility, followed by a better-preserved silage (B) which had a higher digestibility and dry-matter concentration. There was an increase in silage intake when the change was made from A to B. In the following year, 32 ewes were offered silage (C) which was well preserved, similar in digestibility to B but with a lower dry-matter concentration. The ewes ate more silage organic matter (g/kg live weight) with C than A (12·77 v. 9·34) in weeks 15 to 17 of pregnancy but more of B than C (13·76 v. 10·38) in weeks 19 to 20. Ewes carrying single lambs ate more silage and had a slower rate of decrease in silage intake when the concentrate ration was increased as pregnancy progressed. As litter size increased there-was either greater loss or smaller gain in body condition score.

The effects of including sodium bicarbonate in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Edwards ◽  
D. A. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Complete Diet

ABSTRACTTwo experiments examined the effects of including sodium bicarbonate in the diet of dairy cows in early lactation for two different feeding systems. In experiment 1, 28 Friesian cows were allocated to two groups according to parity, calving date and their milk yield in days 5 to 14. Cows were given either a standard home-mixed concentrate or a similar concentrate with sodium bicarbonate included at 25 kg/t. Concentrates were given to individual cows twice daily at a flat rate determined by their 5- to 14-day yield, and hay was group-fed to appetite. Milk yield in days 15 to 100 post-calving did not differ significantly between treatments, but cows given concentrate containing bicarbonate ate more hay and had a higher milk fat concentration (36·0 v. 32·5 g/kg, P < 0·01). In experiment 2, 80 cows were allocated to two treatments according to parity, calving date and previous lactation yield. There were two replicates of each treatment. All groups were given silage and concentrates as a complete diet for 8 weeks from calving, and 20 g sodium bicarbonate per kg total dry matter was included in the diet of half the animals. Cows given the diet containing bicarbonate had higher food intakes (14·9 v. 13·9 kg dry matter per head per day) and lower live-weight losses (13 v. 44 kg, P < 0·001). Milk yield and milk quality did not differ between treatments. Conception tended to be better in cows given the bicarbonate diet.

Association of leptin polymorphisms with milk yield, dry matter intake, energy balance, luteal activity and serum leptin levels during lactation in HF dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
S.C. Liefers ◽  
R.F. Veerkamp ◽  
M.F.W. te Pas ◽  
C. Delavaud ◽  
Y. Chilliard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Since evidence is present that genetic correlations between start of luteal activity and energy balance, milk yield and live weight exist (Veerkamp et al., 2000), it could be hypothesised that polymorphisms at the leptin gene locus might play a role. The first objective of this study was to associate plasma leptin levels during late pregnancy with genetic differences in the leptin gene. The second objective was to relate these polymorphisms with variations in energy balance, milk production, dry matter intake and fertility.

scholarly journals Manipulation of the pre-partum diet of dairy cows to promote early adaptation to perennial ryegrass herbage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Russo ◽  
W.J. Wales ◽  
B.J. Leury ◽  
M.C. Hannah ◽  
E. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score

The diet of dairy cows in Ireland traditionally changes abruptly from predominantly pasture silage before calving to grazed perennial ryegrass immediately after calving. This potentially leads to problems with adaptation of microbes in the rumen with consequences of reduced intake and ultimately lower milk production. This experiment aimed to determine if introducing first-lactation dairy cows to perennial ryegrass herbage in the final weeks of pregnancy, thus eliminating a major dietary change at calving, could improve the adaptation process, potentially increasing dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production in early lactation. Three weeks prior to their expected calving date, 14 spring calving dairy cows were assigned to one of two treatments (n = 7): pasture silage pre-partum and perennial ryegrass herbage post-partum, or perennial ryegrass herbage both pre- and post-partum. Treatment diets were fed for 11 (±7) d pre-partum and for 14 (±0) d post-partum. For both treatments, DMI increased post-partum, but there was no difference between treatments, pre- or post-partum (5.9 and 8.8 kg DM/cow per day, respectively). There were no differences in milk yield or composition between the treatments. Body condition score declined following parturition but there were no differences between treatments. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate were also unaffected by treatment but did indicate a state of negative energy balance in early lactation. The results of this experiment suggest that pre-partum adaptation to perennial ryegrass herbage would not benefit milk production in first-lactation dairy cows in early lactation in Irish dairy farms employing this system.

Voluntary intake and digestion of ryegrass straw by llama × guanaco crossbreds and sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Warmington ◽  
G. F. Wilson ◽  
T. N. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New World ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Lower Urinary

SUMMARYThe voluntary feed and water intakes of five llama × guanaco crossbreds (New World camelids) and five sheep, and their abilities to digest various feed components and to utilize nitrogen, were compared using a diet of threshed ryegrass straw in New Zealand in 1987.The camelids ate more than the sheep, but intakes were similar relative to metabolic live weight (mean 37·6 g dry matter/kg W0·75 per day). They drank 0·62 times as much water as sheep per kg W0·75, and 0·57 times as much per g DM intake (P < 0·05). Mean apparent digestibilities of dry matter (47.7%), energy (41·6%) and cell-wall fractions (48·4%) were similar in both species, in spite of the sheep selecting a higher-N component of the diet. Variation in digestibility (e.g. organic matter digestibility) among individual sheep was inversely associated with the percentage of cell-wall constituents consumed. The faeces of camelids contained a significantly higher proportion of particles longer than 0·5mm than those of the sheep (17 v. 11% total DM), indicating a slightly larger threshold to passage from the forestomachs in the camelids.All animals were in negative N balance during the trial, but net loss of N was less in the camelids than in the sheep (27·6 and 49·5 g N/100 g N intake, respectively; P < 0·05), because of lower urinary N excretion (36·5 and 60·3 g N/100 g N intake, respectively; P < 0·05) of the camelids. The results suggest that camelids may be better suited than ruminants for production from poor-quality feeds, especially if water supply is limited.

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