Evaluation of electronic meat-measuring equipment in predicting carcass composition in the live pig

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Joyal ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
B. W. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Fat Thickness

AbstractAn electronic meat-measuring equipment (EMME) determination (average of three consecutive readings) and backfat thickness (averaged over two sites) were taken on each of 107 live Yorkshire pigs weighing approximately 110 kg. After slaughter, 10 carcass traits: killing out, grade fat (fat thickness at maximum loin of split carcass), in. longissimus area, total and individual weights of the four untrimmed primal cuts (butt, picnic, loin and ham) and total weight of lean and subcutaneous fat in the four primal cuts, were measured and used to evaluate the EMME and ultrasound backfat probe, alone and in combination, in predicting carcass merit. Value of prediction was measured as significant improvement in correlation over a base model (A/?2). After adjustment for live weight and treatment (diet, sex and housing) differences, the EMME alone was significant in predicting grade fat (A/?2 = 007), weight of the four untrimmed primal cuts (A/?2 = 0·03) and weights of ham (A/?2 = 0·04), lean (A/?2 = 0·17) and subcutaneous fat (A/?2 = 0·08). Backfat thickness alone was significant in predicting grade fat (AR2 = 0·21) and the weights of loin (AR2 = 0·03), ham (AR2 = 0·02), lean (AR2 = 0·09) and subcutaneous fat (AR2 = 0·42). Their combined information was superior in predicting fat thickness (AR2 = 0·24), weight of lean (AR2 = 0·21) and weight of subcutaneous fat (AR2 = 0·44). Similar results were obtained when treatment effects were ignored. Correlations of the EMME number with fat thickness, weight of total lean and total subcutaneous fat were 0·31, 0·49 and -0·30, respectively. Correlations of backfat thickness with grade fat, weight of total lean and total subcutaneous fat were 0·53, -0·35 and 0·72, respectively.

scholarly journals QTL mapping for growth and carcass traits in an Iberian by Landrace pig intercross: additive, dominant and epistatic effects

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. VARONA ◽  
C. OVILO ◽  
A. CLOP ◽  
J. L. NOGUERA ◽  
M. PÉREZ-ENCISO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Set Up

Results from a QTL experiment on growth and carcass traits in an experimental F2 cross between Iberian and Landrace pigs are reported. Phenotypic data for growth, length of carcass and muscle mass, fat deposition and carcass composition traits from 321 individuals corresponding to 58 families were recorded. Animals were genotyped for 92 markers covering the 18 porcine autosomes (SSC). The results from the genomic scan show genomewide significant QTL in SSC2 (longissimus muscle area and backfat thickness), SSC4 (length of carcass, backfat thickness, loin, shoulder and belly bacon weights) and SSC6 (longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, loin, shoulder and belly bacon weights). Suggestive QTL were also found on SSC1, SSC5, SSC7, SSC8, SSC9, SSC13, SCC14, SSC16 and SSC17. A bidimensional genomic scan every 10 cM was performed to detect interaction between QTL. The joint action of two suggestive QTL in SSC2 and SSC17 led to a genome-wide significant effect in live weight. The results of the bidimensional genomic scan showed that the genetic architecture was mainly additive or the experimental set-up did not have enough power to detect epistatic interactions.

Effects of selection for low backfat thickness in pigs on the sites of tissue deposition in the body

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
O. P. Whelehan ◽  
M. Ellis ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
R. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe effects of selection for low backfat thickness on tissue deposition in different body sites has been investigated in pigs. Eight castrated male and eight female pigs from each of the selection and control lines maintained at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne were used. One castrated male and one female from each line was killed at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 kg live weight following ad libitum food consumption and fully dissected.There were only small effects of line on carcass composition, selected pigs having 120 g/kg more bone than controls at the mean side weight (P < 0·001) and 40 g/kg more lean (NS). At the same mean weight of subcutaneous fat, selected pigs had thinner backfat than controls (approximately 3 mm) over m. longissimus at the last rib and over the shoulder but not at the mid-rump or mid-back positions. There appears to have been a slight shift in the sites of fat deposition from above m. longissimus in the loin towards the mid-line and rump as a result of selection, even though mid-rump, C and K measurements were all included in the selection index. However, there was no difference between the lines in the weight distribution of subcutaneous fat between six regions and so these shifts must have been very localized. There was no difference between lines in the relationship between P2 fat thickness and proportion of lean in the side.The effects of selection on the sites of deposition within tissues other than subcutaneous fat were small. In particular there was no evidence that selection has caused relocation of body fat from subcutaneous to the other sites.

Comparison of boars and castrates for bacon production. 1. Growth data, and carcass and joint composition

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
J. E. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTAn experiment was performed to determine whether quality differences between boars and castrates when used for bacon production are true castration effects or due to the greater leanness of boars. Sixty-four commercial hybrid male pigs, half of which were castrated at 10 days of age, were given different levels of feeding so that at 87 kg live weight there was a 2-mm difference in P2 fat thickness between two groups of 16 boars and two groups of 16 castrates. The leanest group of castrates and the fattest group of boars had similar fat thickness and carcass composition. This design allowed the separation of castration and feeding treatment (carcass composition) effects. Skin thickness and weight (boars greater) and kidney weight (boars heavier) were much more influenced by castration than feeding treatment. Other effects that were more influenced by castration, although less strongly, were killing-out proportion (boars lower because of testes), leg and loin length (boars shorter), joint weight distribution (boars lighter in flank) and lean weight distribution (boars slightly less lean in leg, and more in foreloin and belly). Lean to bone ratio in the side was influenced less by castration than by feeding treatment but boars had more intermuscular fat in relation to subcutaneous fat than castrates. The lean content of the leg was closely related to that of the side, and there were different relationships in boars and castrates.

Estimation of the carcass composition of different cattle breeds and crosses from fatness measurements and visual assessments

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kempster ◽  
J. P. Chadwick ◽  
D. D. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Substantial Bias ◽  
Visual Assessments ◽  
Thickness Measurements

SUMMARYCarcass data for 1053 steers from the Meat and Livestock Commission's beef breed evaluation programme were used to examine the relative precision of alternative fatness assessments for predicting carcass lean percentage. The data were from four trials and comprised both dairy-bred and suckler-bred cattle by a wide range of sire breeds.A visual assessment of carcass subcutaneous fat content to the nearest percentage unit (SFe) was the single most precise predictor both overall (residual S.d. = 2·28) and within breed (residual S.d. = 2·05). Precision was improved by the addition in multiple regression of the percentage perinephric and retroperitoneal fat (KKCF) in carcass, a visual score of the degree of marbling in the m. longissimus and selected fat thickness measurements taken by calipers on cut surfaces (residual S.d. = 2·11 (overall) and 1·90 (within breed)).When the best overall equation was applied to the breed means, there was substantial bias (predicted – actual carcass lean percentage). Biases ranged from +2·5 (purebred Canadian Holstein and Luing) to – 1·3 (Limousin crosses).Breeds differed significantly in carcass lean content when compared at equal levels of fatness measurements. The differences depended both on the precision with which the measurements predicted carcass lean content and the observed differences in carcass composition that existed before adjustments to equal fatness were made.The robustness of prediction equations was examined by applying them to independent sets of data (a total of 334 carcasses) from four other trials involving steers, heifers, cows and young bulls. Equations were stable for cattle of the same breed, sex and similar levels of fatness but important bias was found between more extreme types of cattle.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass traits of young nellore bulls supplemented with or without addition of lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes ◽  
Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi ◽  
Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

The aim of research was to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the carcasses of Nellore young bulls in grazing supplemented with or without addition of lipids. Twenty–eight young bulls, 301 ± 5.8 kg in body weight, which four constituted the reference group and the twenty-four remnants were used in the experiment and randomly distributed into four groups according to treatment: only Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass; Mombasa grass with concentrated supplementation based on soybean meal; Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids from soybean oil; and Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids derived from soybean grains. The total dry matter intake of the animals fed only Mombasa grass did not differ from the average intake of the three treatments supplemented with concentrate. There were no differences (P>0.05) between Mombasa grass and diets with concentrate, supplementation with or without lipid and lipids sources in the carcass traits, gastrointestinal tract, organs and loin eye area. Nellore bulls receiving concentrate increased subcutaneous fat thickness compared with bulls that received only Mombasa grass. Nellore young bulls fed Mombasa grass only, supplemented with or without addition of lipids were similar regarding growth performance and carcass traits.

An assessment of carcass probes for use in Great Britain for the EC pig Carcass Grading Scheme

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Cook ◽  
J. P. Chadwick ◽  
A. J. Kempster
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACTTo gain approval for use in the revised European Community (EC) Pig Grading Scheme to be introduced in 1989, methods of estimating carcass lean proportion must be shown to do so with a coefficient of determination greater than 0·64 and a residual s.d. of less than 25 g/kg. A trial was carried out to assess a number of methods for use in the EC Scheme as applied in Great Britain. Subcutaneous fat and m. longissimus depths at the head of the last rib and at the third/fourth from last rib were measured using the optical probe (OP), the Fat-O-Meater (FOM), the Hennessy Grading Probe II (HGP) and the Destron PG-100 Probe (DST) on a broad sample of 162 commercial carcasses representative of the ranges in fatness and weight found nationally. The left side of each carcass was separated into component tissues. Although the instruments all achieved similar levels of accuracy in predicting carcass lean proportion, some differences were found. The DST just failed to reach the required statistical criteria for approval in the EC Scheme. The results for the other three instruments were submitted to Brussels as evidence of suitability and they have been approved.Using the regression relationships found between carcass composition and fat thickness together with results from earlier studies, it was estimated that the carcass separable fat proportion of British slaughter pigs has fallen at the annual rate of 7 g/kg since 1975.

scholarly journals Effect of breed on growth performance and carcass composition of Aberdeen Angus, Charolais,Herefordand Simmental bulls

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bartoň ◽  
D. Řehák ◽  
V. Teslík ◽  
D. Bureš ◽  
R. Zahrádková
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Breed effects on live weight gain, slaughter characteristics and carcass composition were compared in Aberdeen Angus, Charolais, Hereford and Simmental bulls. The experiment extended over 2 years and involved totally 96 animals. The target slaughter live weights were determined 550 kg for earlier maturing breeds Aberdeen Angus and Hereford and 630 kg for later maturing breeds Charolais and Simmental. Charolais and Simmental gained more rapidly (P &lt; 0.05) than Aberdeen Angus while Hereford were intermediate. Hereford had lower (P &lt; 0.05) dressing percentage than the other breeds. Percentages of grade I meat were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in Charolais and Simmental. The highest percentage of separable fat was recorded in Hereford (P &lt; 0.05). Charolais and Simmental had lower (P &lt; 0.05) thickness of subcutaneous fat over MLLT than Aberdeen Angus andHereford. The later maturing bulls generally tended to achieve higher live weight gains during the experiment, produced less fat and had higher percentage of meat from high priced joints in comparison with earlier maturing animals. &nbsp;

The prediction of pork carcass composition using live animal echographic measurements from the Krautkramer USK7, Ithaca Scanoprobe 731C and Aloka SSD-210DXII Echo Camera

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sather ◽  
J. A. Newman ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
S. M. Zawadski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Fat Yield

Live animal ultrasonic measurements of back fat depth and muscle depth were made on 130 Lacombe and 96 Yorkshire pigs within a weight range of 85.5–114.2 kg, using a Krautkramer USK7 (KK), an Ithaca Scanoprobe 731C (SC) and an Aloka SSD-210DXII Echo Camera (AEC), with an average carcass weight of 80.8 kg. Animals were assessed 1 d prior to slaughter at the mid-back and the loin site as specified by the Canadian Swine Improvement Program and the carcass grade site. Back fat depth measurements made by the SC, KK and AEC reduced the residual variance for lean yield by an additional 35, 43 and 45%, respectively, beyond adjusting for gender, breed and live weight. The mid-back site had less precision than the loin or grade sites for the prediction of both lean yield and fat yield, and there were no clear advantages for using the loin site in preference to the grade site. Since there are no easily identifiable landmarks for locating the grade site on the live pig, the loin site remains the preferred site for live animal evaluation. The addition of muscle-depth measurements to fat-depth measurements resulted in modest increases in the R2 (1–4%) in precision for the prediction of carcass composition. Differences in the ability of the KK and AEC to predict lean yield were small and, considering their cost, suggest that the application of real-time ultrasonics to live animal evaluation may not be practical at this time. Key words: Swine, ultrasound, lean yield, probe sites

scholarly journals Relationships between residual feed intake and feedlot performance, profitability, and carcass traits in Brahman cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Favero ◽  
I.Y. Mizubuti ◽  
R.C. Gomes ◽  
E.L.A. Ribeiro ◽  
E.S. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Fat Thickness

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the feedlot performance, profitability and carcass traits of Brahman bulls classified according to the residual feed intake (RFI). Twenty-four bulls (19-month old, 370±34kg live weight) were housed in individual pens for 54 days and had the daily feed intake (observed dry matter intake, DMIobs; DMI % live weight, LW) and average daily gain (ADG) measured. Ultrasound carcass evaluations were performed at the initial and final weighings, when measurements were taken of Longissimus dorsi area, ratio, Longissimus and Biceps femoris fat thickness. The animals were ranked and divided into high (>+0.5 standard deviation; SD), medium (between ±0.5 SD from the mean), and low (<-0.5 SD) RFI groups. Low-RFI animals had lower DMIobs (P<0.10) and DMI % LW (P<0.05). No significant differences in initial and final weight or ADG were noticed (P>0.05). Low-RFI animals showed lower weight gain cost and higher daily profit (P<0.05). Carcass traits were similar between groups, regardless of evaluation date (P>0.05). Selection for RFI lead to animals with lower feed intake without affecting weight gain or carcass traits, thereby providing increased profitability for beef cattle farming.

Comparison of seven ultrasonic techniques for in vivo estimation of beef carcass composition with special reference to performance testing

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Porter ◽  
M. G. Owen ◽  
S. J. Page ◽  
A. V. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques

ABSTRACTForty-nine bulls, 27 Limousin × Friesian and 22 Charolais × Friesian, were evaluated and slaughtered in four batches of about equal size over 4 weeks. Each batch was of one breed. Age, live weight at evaluation and subjective assessments of fatness and conformation were recorded together with fat and muscle measurements by the Delphi, Meritronics, Scanogram, Vetscan, Kaijo Denki, Warren and the Velocity of Sound ultrasonic machines. Experienced operators were used to assess the performance of machine/operator combinations likely to be achieved in bull performance testing in the field. Fat thicknesses and areas, and m. longissimus areas were taken at the 10th rib and 13th rib, and 3rd lumbar regions by most machines. For the Delphi and Meritronics machines, fat thicknesses only were taken; for the Velocity of Sound machine, time interval measurements and anatomical distances were taken at the shoulder, mid back, lumbar and hind limb regions. The left side of each carcass was fully separated into lean, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, bone and waste. All measurements were examined as potential predictors of carcass composition in step-wise regression in a model which included week of evaluation, breed and live weight at evaluation as the first independent variable. On the whole, scanning machines had a higher precision than A-mode machines, with the Velocity of Sound machine achieving the highest precision for carcass lean (g/kg) (residual s.d. = 13·0) and fat (g/kg) (residual s.d. = 14·1). None of the linear and area measurements taken on the carcass achieved the degree of precision of the Velocity of Sound, Scanogram and Vetscan machines.

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