Villages in Roman Britain: Some Evidence

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Hallam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Roman Countryside ◽  
The One

‘Villages’ of ‘up to a hundred little huts’ and even ‘pit dwellings' passed from history to mythology after Bersu's Little Woodbury excavations, and Professor Hawkes's consequent reinterpretation of the Cranborne Chase ‘village’ of Woodcuts as superimposed successive farmsteads. The ‘villages’ of the old Ordnance Survey Map of Roman Britain have no place in the scheme of things exemplified in the 1956 edition. But the new orthodoxy of the ‘single farm’ as the dominant, or indeed the exclusive, settlement form in the Roman and immediately pre-Roman countryside has itself been thrown open to doubt as scholars have, on the one hand, accumulated more evidence of the actual abundant variety of Iron Age to Roman settlement types and, on the other, questioned themselves and each other more closely on the origins of the pattern of English settlement, and the probability that it was not imprinted on a countryside devoid of all trace of previous land-use and organization.

Interrelationships between municipal spatial policy strategy and airport operation and development. Lodz Airport case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nikorowicz-Zatorska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
The One ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Abstract The present paper focuses on spatial management regulations in order to carry out investment in the field of airport facilities. The construction, upgrades, and maintenance of airports falls within the area of responsibility of local authorities. This task poses a great challenge in terms of organisation and finances. On the one hand, an active airport is a municipal landmark and drives local economic, social and cultural development, and on the other, the scale of investment often exceeds the capabilities of local authorities. The immediate environment of the airport determines its final use and prosperity. The objective of the paper is to review legislation that affects airports and the surrounding communities. The process of urban planning in Lodz and surrounding areas will be presented as a background to the problem of land use management in the vicinity of the airport. This paper seeks to address the following questions: if and how airports have affected urban planning in Lodz, does the land use around the airport prevent the development of Lodz Airport, and how has the situation changed over the time? It can be assumed that as a result of lack of experience, land resources and size of investments on one hand and legislative dissonance and peculiar practices on the other, aviation infrastructure in Lodz is designed to meet temporary needs and is characterised by achieving short-term goals. Cyclical problems are solved in an intermittent manner and involve all the municipal resources, so there’s little left to secure long-term investments.

scholarly journals Historical picture of development of early iron age in the Serbian Danube basin

Balcanica ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Tasic
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Pannonian Plain ◽  
The One ◽  
North Western

The paper offers a historical survey of the development of Early Iron Age cultures in Danubian Serbia, its characteristics, relations with contemporary cultures of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, Carpathian Romania (Transylvania) and the Romanian Banat. It describes the genesis of individual cultures, their styles, typological features and interrelationships. Danubian Serbia is seen as a contact zone reflecting influences of the Central European Urnenfelder culture on the one hand, and those of the Gornea-Kalakaca and the Bosut-Basarabi complex on the other. The latter?s penetration into the central Balkans south of the Sava and Danube rivers has been registered in the Morava valley, eastern Serbia north-western Bulgaria and as far south as northern Macedonia. The terminal Early Iron Age is marked by the occurrence of Scythian finds in the southern Banat, Backa or around the confluence of the Sava and the Danube (e.g. Ritopek), and by representative finds of the Srem group in Srem and around the confluence of the Tisa and Danube rivers. The powerful penetration of Celtic tribes from Central Europe into the southern Pannonian Plain marked the end of the Early Iron Age.

What have Reconstructed Roundhouses Ever Done for Us..?

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Townend
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One

The reconstructed roundhouse is everywhere: on the television, in the literature, in the landscape. It has powerful currency in both the public and academic understandings of the vernacular architecture of later British prehistory, in particular for the Iron Age. However, because the focus of these reconstructions is normally on technologies and engineering principles on the one hand, or on the experience of their occupation on the other, the roundhouse reconstruction — even after more than 30 years research around them — in fact currently tells us remarkably little about the past and a great deal about who we understand ourselves to be. This paper will explore what insight roundhouse reconstructions currently do and do not give into later British prehistory and what they may be able to indicate if the act of building is taken as a theme over the technologies of their construction or the experience of their space.

The impact of hurricanes on the island of Saint-Martin (French West Indies) from 1954 to 2017: how are our society changes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Pasquon ◽  
Gwenaël Jouannic ◽  
Julien Gargani ◽  
Chloé Tran Duc Minh ◽  
Denis Crozier
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Saint Martin ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hurricane Irma

<p>Natural disasters lead to many victims and major damage in France and around the world. In 2017, Hurricane Irma hit the French islands of Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy (West Indies), killing 11 people and causing more than €2 billion in insured damage. Ranked 5 in category on the Saffir-Simpson scale, with average winds of 287 km/h, this hurricane highlighted the vulnerability of our society to this type of phenomenon.</p><p>One can question the inability of society to face up to and recover from the consequences of these events. In this sense, this work questions the adaptation of the island of Saint-Martin to hurricanes and its entire environment. We have chosen to focus on the evolution of this island over 65 years: from 1954 to 2017 (before Hurricane Irma). We mainly used aerial images of IGN (Institut National de l’Information Géographique et Forestière) available regularly since 1947. Among the elements that have served us to characterize this evolution, we have focused on land use (buildings, infrastructure and anthropization) and demographics.</p><p>We show, in this study, that between 1954 and 2017 (before Hurricane Irma), Saint Martin had to adapt to numerous constraints, some of which were far more important than hurricanes. In 65 years, the population density of the French part of Saint Martin increased from 75 to 668 inhab/km². The majority of this increase occurred in a five year period following the Pons law of 1986 which favoured tax breaks for real estate investment. More than 12 000 buildings have been built in Saint Martin to welcome the new inhabitants of the island as well as tourists. Many neighbourhoods experienced significant growth which started in the late 80's. However we observe differences in urban planning, a result of social and territorial segregation which exists on the island. On the one hand, there are private residences in affluent neighbourhoods, on the other hand working-class neighbourhoods with vulnerable dwellings. The effect of hurricanes on this society, which has been highly unequal since the 1960's up to the 1980's, is to reinforce inequalities. The fragile habitats of the poorest populations have been more deeply affected than the richest parts of the population which have been financially supported for reconstruction.</p>

scholarly journals Signs of length

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. J. Vertegaal
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Phonetic Feature ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Abstract In Vertegaal 2017, it was argued that plene spellings(〈CV-V〉 sign sequences) in Hieroglyphic Luwian can be divided into two types: space-fillers on the one hand, and non-fillers on the other. This article focuses on plene spellings of the latter kind, as attested in texts from the Iron Age (CHLI). It is demonstrated that these non-filler plene writings are non-randomly distributed across morphemes and lexemes, indicating that this mode of spelling marks a phonetic feature. Using secure etymologies and analyses, it is proposed that non-filler (“linguistically real”) plene spellings mark the presence of long vowels or disyllabic sequences. The validity of this hypothesis is subsequently tested against less secure and doubtful etymologies as well as counterexamples. Finally, it is concluded that the hypothesis holds, thereby providing, for the first time, direct evidence for the writing of vowel length in Hieroglyphic Luwian.

3.3 The use of by-products for intensive animal production

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
T. R. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

In the majority of developing countries, there is increasing competition for land use. This is due, on the one hand, to increasing population pressure and, on the other hand, to the need to earn/save foreign exchange by growing crops for export and also for human consumption at home. In this situation, it becomes increasingly difficult to justify the utilization of land for animal production only, as is the case in grazing systems.

Chastleton Camp, Oxfordshire, a hill-fort of the Early Iron Age

1931 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Thurlow Leeds
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Original Condition ◽  
North West ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
East End ◽  
The One

Chastleton Camp, or Chastleton Barrow (pl. LIV, 1 and 2), as it is sometimes called, is situated at the south-east end of the parish, which projects like some huge spur from the north-west edge of the county and from the line of the road which on either side of the base of the spur for a short distance divides Oxfordshire from Gloucestershire on the one hand and from Warwickshire on the other. This road is an age-long trackway running diagonally across England by way of the Jurassic Belt from the Cotswolds to Northamptonshire, and is fringed by many remains of prehistoric man, in addition to the Rollright Stones and the dolmen known as the Whispering Knights. Along it must have moved the invaders of the early Iron Age to their conquest of the Midlands, establishing a line of strongholds of which Chastleton must in its original condition have been a formidable example.

Wooden and StoneChevaux-de-Frisein Central and Western Europe

1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
The One

Chevaux-de-friseis a term used to describe the (normally stone) stakes placed upright in the ground outside the walls of early fortifications with the intention of making access more difficult for an approaching enemy, be he on foot or on horse back. The existence of this defensive technique outside prehistoric forts in Britain or Ireland was first mentioned in 1684 when Roderick O'Flaherty described the Aran Island fort of Dun Aenghus in hisOgygia(O'Flaherty, 1684, 175), and it has often been discussed since, among others by Christison (1898), Westropp (1901, 661), Hogg (1957) and most recently and judiciously by Simpson (1969a, 26). Some writers, for instance Raftery (1951, 214) and Hogg (1957, 33) have suggested that the origins ofchevaux-de-frisein Britain and Ireland should be sought in the Iberian Peninsula, where they occur in greater numbers (Hogg, 1957 and Harbison, 1968, a), andchevaux-de-friseare often taken as one of the most important pieces of evidence of close ties between Spain–Portugal and Britain–Ireland during the Early Iron Age. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a hypothesis that the Spanish–Portuguese examples on the one hand, and the Scottish–Welsh–Irish–Manx ones on the other, are not so closely related to one another as has hitherto been thought, but that both are merely distant cousins in so far as both are descended from a common ancestral wooden prototype which originated probably in Central or Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Land Use Changes in Iberian Peninsula 1990–2012

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fernández-Nogueira ◽  
Eduardo Corbelle-Rico
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corine Land Cover ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One

This work aims to provide a comprehensive, wall-to-wall analysis of land use/cover changes in the continental areas of Portugal and Spain between 1990 and 2012. This overall objective is developed into two main research questions: (1) Whether differences between the extent and prevalence of changes exist between both countries and (2) which are the hotspots of change (areas where a given land use/cover transition dominates the landscape) in each country. We used Corine Land Cover in three different points in time (1990, 2000, 2012) to explore eight characteristic land cover transitions and carried out a cluster analysis at LAU2 level (municipalities in Spain, parishes in Portugal) that allowed to identify the areas in which each transition was dominant. The main findings include the decline of agricultural area and the increase of urbanized and artificial covers in both countries, but different trends followed by forest cover, with an increase in Spain and a decrease in Portugal. At the same time, the spatial analysis provided an overview of the main gradients of change related to tensions between agricultural intensification–extensification, on the one hand, and deforestation–afforestation, on the other.

A dark and mysterious place: excavations of an Iron Age settlement at Auchrannie, Brodick

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Southern Half

An extension to the accommodation of the Spa Resort at Auchrannie, Brodick, required the excavation of the remaining elements of a roundhouse and souterrain which had been partially excavated prior to the construction of the Spa Resort itself. These follow-up excavations revealed that the retained southern half of the roundhouse had been badly truncated through agricultural land use, while the souterrain passages remained largely intact, revealing evidence for timber- and stone-lined sections, and a group of overlapping pits and shallow passages at one end. While one of the passages appeared to have been infilled during, or not long after, the 2nd century AD, the other was not backfilled until the medieval period, possibly being left open as a void until this time. Other dates also pointed to continued reuse of portions of the site on a much smaller scale throughout later periods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document