scholarly journals Saxon and Norman Sculpture in Durham

Antiquity ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
pp. 438-440
Author(s):  
G. Baldwin Brown
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Decorative Art ◽  
Solid Ground ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
The Moment

When one phase of decorative art for reasons historical, social, or religious, passes out of existence and is succeeded W by another, there generally occurs what is technically termed an ' overlap '. This is so common that it is often accepted without consideration as universal, and the expression ' Saxo-Norman overlap' is employed with reference to architecture of early twelfth century where it has validity, but also to decorative sculpture where it possesses no solid ground or meaning. Saxon stone carving is on different lines from Norman and the two do not coalesce, the Norman enriched tympanum carrying the Norman art, the free- standing carved cross the Saxon art. The above must be left for the moment as a statement which will later on receive its due explanation and support, but the subject of the present brief paper is germane to it.It so happens that we possess datable specimens of late Saxon and early Norman sculpture in the shape of carved heads belonging to Saxon crosses that stood on the future site of the Norman Chapter House of Durham Cathedral and may be dated early in the eleventh century, and Norman enriched capitals of columns in the early Castle Chapel that can be placed in date before the year 1100.

scholarly journals CATEGORY OF FUTURALITY WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF MODUS CATEGORIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Inga Kirkovs’ka
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
French Language ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Action Event ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Future 2

The aim of the investigation under consideration is to study the nature of the category of futurality within the system of modus categories in the French language. The object of the work is the category of futurality in contemporary French, the subject is the study of the category of futurality in contemporary French within the system of modus categories of evidentiality, modality and persuasiveness. In the course of the study, the distinctions between modality and modus have been outlined, the place of the category of futurality within the modus categories has been identified, the peculiarity of the category of futurality as a modus category has been analysed. Conclusions: the peculiarity of futurality as a modus category is that it belongs to the modus categories denoting action/event, real in the future “in the speaker’s view”. In this sense the category of futurality is closer to the categories of modality (real information stated by the speaker) and predicativity (confidence in the information stated by the speaker) in meaning, whereas differing from them by the semantics of the stated temporality denoting the relation of consequence in reference to the moment of speaking. The category of futurality is connected with other modus categories: category of assertion with semantics of neutral prospection, category of persuasiveness with the seme of assurance in reference to the future and category of modality with the seme of reality in reference to the future. The major types of modal meanings forming the modus category of futurality are: 1) speaker’s estimation of the subject matter of the utterance from the perspective of reality/irreality in the future; 2) estimation of the environment of the utterance from the perspective of probability/necessity/desirability in the future; 3) speaker’s estimation of the level of assurance (persuasiveness) of the subject matter of the utterance from the perspective of the future; 4) communicative function of the utterance defined by the purpose of the speaker from the perspective of the future (wish, intention, preference); 5) confirmation/negation of objective relations between objects, phenomena, events of the future. 

scholarly journals From Scandal to Monastic Penance: A Reconciliatory Manuscript from the Early Twelfth-Century Abbey of St. Laurent in Liège

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjamke Snijders ◽  
Steven Vanderputten
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Group Conflict ◽  
Social Tensions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Virtuous Life

An important element of monastic penance and conflict resolution was its repetitive, almost cyclical nature. The manuscripts that were used during these performances often proceed implicitly, which makes them difficult to contextualize and understand. This article considers a possible example of such “hidden” reconciliatory discourse in a manuscript that was produced for the congregation of St. Laurent in Liège around the turn of the eleventh century: Brussels, Royal Library 9361–9367. It examines the sin of pride in monastic dignitaries, discusses the best way to atone for it, and provides tools for the penitent to start living a more virtuous life in the future. The surviving evidence suggests that this manuscript was produced in reaction to the deeds of abbot Berenger, whose actions in 1095 were considered scandalous by contemporaries because he had led his monks into confusion and sin. The article shows how the combination of texts in this manuscript takes on a different meaning because of these politically charged circumstances, and argues that the St. Laurent manuscript was a discreet but methodical way to end the resulting estrangement between Berenger and his monks. In this interpretation, Brussels RL 9361–9367 is a rare and highly relevant testimony to the ways in which monks in the early twelfth century dealt with psychological and social tensions in the wake of an intra-group conflict.

The Merovingian monastery of St Evroul in the light of conflicting traditions

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Marjorie Chibnall
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Old Men

Historians of early monasticism in Frankish Gaul either have little to say about the monastery founded by St Evroul or, like Dom Laporte, devote their attention to a discussion of the probable date of his life. The disappearance of almost all early documentary sources is one reason for this: there was certainly a break in the occupation of the site for perhaps half the century between the destruction of the monastery in the tenth century and its refoundation in 1050, and only one charter, dated 900, was rescued and copied in the eleventh century. The fact that there has been no systematic excavation of the site, so that archaeological evidence of buildings before the thirteenth-century church is lacking, is another. Early annals and reliable lives of other saints have nothing at all to say on the subject. The first historian to tackle it, Orderic Vitalis, writing in the early twelfth century, had to admit that he could discover nothing about the abbots for the four hundred years after St Evroul; and he had to draw on the memories and tales of the old men he knew, both in the monastery and in the villages round about. Needless to say he harvested a luxuriant crop of legends and traditions of all kinds. The problem of the modern historian is to winnow a few grains of historical truth out of the stories that he garnered, and the hagiographical traditions, some of which he did not know.

scholarly journals KAZUS ZŁOTEGO TRÓJNOGA A PRZEDMIOT SPRZEDAŻY W KONTRAKCIE ‘EMPTIO SPEI’

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Karolina Wyrwińska
Keyword(s):  
Second Opinion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Source Document ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Valerius Maximus

THE CASE OF THE GOLDEN TRIPOD AND THE SUBJECT OF SALE IN THE CONTRACT OF ‘EMPTIO SPEI’Summary The article analyzes the question of the subject of sale in the contract of emptio spei. The starting point for this study is the source document by Valerius Maximus, describing the case of finding a golden tripod by fishermen, who before sailing out sold the result of their work to Miletus merchants. After the return of the fishermen a dispute arose over whom the find should be awarded to: the sellers or the buyers. The solution to this particular case depends on the accepted position on the subject of sale in the contract called the sale of hope. Literature of the subject presents four views on the matter. According to the first one, the subject of sale in the contract of emptio spei is hope itself. However according to the second view it is the item, the subject that will appear in the future. The third among the presented views proclaims that the subject of sale in the contract of emptio spei is alternatively: hope of obtaining the item or the item itself, depending on the achieved result. The fourth view, in which the consensual contract calls for receiving a subject nonexistent in the moment of sale, should not be qualified as the contract of purchase-sale. The article presents advantages ad disadvantages arising from accepting each of these views. Considering all of the mentioned views on the subject the author regards the second opinion, according to which the contract of emptio spei is always res future as the best. Accepting this opinion allows to evaluate the time of perfectio of sale, allows naming the subject of obligation of the seller as well as the range of liability of the parties arising from the title of failure to perform or improper performance of the contract.

Consensus Mistake and Impossibility in Contract

1941 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-378
Author(s):  
H. W. R. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Lever Bros ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Moment

The boundary between the fields of mistake and impossibility in contract seems never yet to have been critically surveyed. But such a survey is badly needed, for it is plain that at the moment the law of mistake is in no less a state of confusion than is the law of impossibility or ‘frustration’. The outstanding case of recent years, Bell v. Lever Bros., Ltd. (1931), met with such universal and (if it may humbly be said) unmerited hostility from publicists in all quarters that this alone calls for an inquiry into the difficulties of the subject. There, has been a disturbing tendency among text-writers, led by Pollock, to profess an inability to understand the ratio deddendi of the case, to try to limit it for the future to its exact facts, and to refuse to recognize in it any legal principle.

scholarly journals Test Anxiety and Student Resilience in the Context of School Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1Sup1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Otilia Clipa ◽  
Diana Sinziana Duca ◽  
Georgiana Padurariu
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Student Resilience ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Exam Anxiety ◽  
The Moment

Countless studies have shown that there is a connection between anxiety felt during exams and school performance. We as individuals are exposed to failure in the moment of an exam and for those who are not familiar with the context, the opportunity to fail is more probable to happen. The goals of this study are: to identify the relation between exam anxiety and scholar resilience based on gender of the subject and the class he is a part of. The sample of the study was formed of 96 students from IV grade. There are 57 boys and 38 girls with ages between 9 and 11. The students are from primary school number 8 and primary school number 4 from Suceava, Romania. With the mention that for all the students, we have the parents acceptance that stands for their children's to be a part of the research with the mention of their children's information to remain confidential. Research tools used for the study are: the scale to test exams anxiety- scale made by Douglas & Benson and the questionnaire of resilience-(Oshio et al., 2003/2015). The research showed that there is a connection between exams anxiety and resilience based on gender of subject and that the level of resilience is different for all of the 4 classes that took part in the study, the biggest value belonging to the first class. The future directions for the study could be about the influence of the teachers on the level of anxiety during exams and their influence on developing resilience in students.

scholarly journals Female Personalities in the Qur’an and Sunna

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Amina Inloes
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Final Word ◽  
The Core ◽  
Women In Islam ◽  
Fatima Mernissi ◽  
Four Books ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This seemingly modest volume is in fact the first comprehensive study ofwomen in the Twelver Shi‘i scriptural sources. While studies on womenabound, the vast majority are implicitly or explicitly grounded in the Sunnitradition; the infrequent Shi‘i expositions on women tend to be politicized,arcane, or even erroneous. In contrast, this groundbreaking work solidly introduceswhat the core Twelver Shi‘i sources say about women and integratescontemporary views.The sources of hadith and tafsīr used in this work represent mainstreamhistorical currents of Shi‘i thought. For hadith, the author uses the Four Books,which were compiled in the tenth and eleventh centuries. While not consideredinfallible, they are treated as the most influential and reliable Shi‘i hadith collectionsand have had a formative impact on Shi‘i thought. Of course, this selectionis not exhaustive; an even greater diversity of hadith appears in earlieras well as later compilations, especially the seventeenth-century encyclopaedicwork Biḥār al-Anwār. In addition, the possibility exists that the Four Books’treatment of women differs from that in other works. Therefore, this bookshould be seen as foundational and an invitation for further study, rather thanas the final word on the subject. Note that this is not a criticism: Since manysections could easily be expanded into their own volume, it would not havebeen feasible to survey all extant Shi‘i hadith in a volume this size. Authorsare, after all, only human.For tafsīr, the author uses Ali ibn Ibrahim al-Qummi’s Tafsīr al-Qummī(tenth century), al-Tusi’s Tibyān (eleventh century), al-Tabrisi’s Majma‘ al-Bayān (twelfth century), al-Huwayzi’s Nūr al-Thaqalayn (twelfth century),and Allamah Tabataba’i’s Tafsīr al-Mizān (twentieth century). This solid selectionrepresents different time periods and approaches – the old and the new,the narrative and the analytical – but, again, is not absolutely comprehensive.In particular it omits mystical tafsīr, which might be expected to take a lessearthly approach to gender.Additionally, the author gives her work a modern twist by consideringideas from contemporary writers on women in Islam who do not engage withthe Shi‘i tradition, such as Amina Wadud, Fatima Mernissi, and Asma Barlas.She also frequently engages with the views of the Lebanese scholars Sayyid ...

The ‘Carlingford Culture’, the Long Barrow and the Neolithic of Great Britain and Ireland

1961 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 234-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruaidhrí de Valéra
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
The West ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment

There are at the moment several indications that a re-assessment of the problems of the neolithic in Britain and Ireland is required. Since the virtual discovery of the primary neolithic some thirty years ago, so vast has the field become that it is no longer possible for an individual to be familiar with all the material and it is inevitable that each will tend to see the whole from the viewpoint of his own special interest and region. In these circumstances, during the course of any re-assessment, workers on various aspects are especially liable to find themselves at cross-purposes. Moreover, in the developments which followed the brilliant pioneer syntheses many ideas have become traditional and tend to be accepted as axiomatic. The alteration or abandonment of such ideas may prove difficult and more difficult still may be the emendation or rejection of conclusions based on them.Ireland lies to the west of Britain. To review the whole scene in any detail from a standpoint in Ireland would involve discussing at second-hand too much of the material on which current views are based and such is not the intention. These notes are designed merely to comment on some general issues which have been and may well in the future be sources of difficulty and misunderstanding, and in particular to deal with the Irish court cairns which have been the subject of recent discussion. It is scarcely to be hoped that they will obviate controversy, but they may help a little towards the mutual understanding of differences.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

Chelovek.RU/Человек.RU

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Sergei Avanesov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Philosopher ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pavel Florensky ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. The article analyzes the autobiography of the famous Russian philosopher, theologian and scientist Pavel Florensky, as well as those of his texts that retain traces of memories. According to Florensky, the personal biography is based on family history and continues in children. He addresses his own biography to his children. Memories based on diary entries are designed as a memory diary, that is, as material for future memories. The past becomes actual in autobiography, turns into a kind of present. The past, from the point of view of its realization in the present, gains meaning and significance. The au-thor is active in relation to his own past, transforming it from a collection of disparate facts into a se-quence of events. A person can only see the true meaning of such events from a great distance. Therefore, the philosopher remembers not so much the circumstances of his life as the inner impressions of the en-counter with reality. The most powerful personality-forming experiences are associated with childhood. Even the moment of birth can decisively affect the character of a person and the range of his interests. The foundations of a person's worldview are laid precisely in childhood. Florensky not only writes mem-oirs about himself, but also tries to analyze the problems of time and memory. A person is immersed in time, but he is able to move into the past through memory and into the future through faith. An autobi-ography can never be written to the end because its author lives on. However, reaching the depths of life, he is able to build his path in such a way that at the end of this path he will unite with the fullness of time, with eternity.

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