scholarly journals Fatty acid pattern in serum is associated with bone mineralisation in healthy 8-year-old children

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Eriksson ◽  
Dan Mellström ◽  
Birgitta Strandvik
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Phospholipid ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Bone Mineralisation

Animal studies have shown that fatty acids (FA) are important for normal bone development. Human data are scanty and mostly related to diseases. We hypothesised that serum FA pattern might be related to bone mineralisation in healthy children. Serum phospholipid FA pattern was studied in relation to bone parameters in eighty-five healthy Caucasian 8-year-olds. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and blood sampling for analysis of serum phospholipid FA by capillary GLC were performed on the same day. SFA concentrations were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine and total body. There was a general trend that linoleic acid (LA; 18 : 2n-6) was negatively associated with BMD, since that was found both for the LA concentration, the total n-6 concentration and the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA. Arachidonic acid (AA; 20 : 4n-6) was positively correlated with bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD of total body, as was the corresponding z-score and the AA:LA ratio. Both saturated and polyunsaturated serum phospholipid FA were associated with BMC and BMD in healthy children. LA and AA were found to inversely influence bone mineralisation and the association with the n-6:n-3 ratio suggested that this balance might also be of importance. The general trend of a negative influence of high n-6 FA concentrations on bone mineralisation might be of concern in relation to the changes in the Western diet. Longitudinal studies are necessary to verify if different bone compartments and different grades of modelling are related to different FA patterns.

scholarly journals When Should Clinicians Worry about Bone Density for Patients with Epilepsy?

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Bassel W. Abou-Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiepileptic Medication ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Progressive Bone Deficit in Epilepsy. Sheth RD, Binkley N, Hermann BP. Neurology 2008;70(3):170–176. OBJECTIVE: Chronic treatment with antiepileptic medication is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which may underlie the two-to sixfold increase in fracture rates observed in patients with epilepsy. The objective was to determine the timing of the BMD deficit in ambulatory children with epilepsy. METHODS: A cross-sectional evaluation was conducted in 82 ambulatory children aged 6 to 18 years (12.4 ± 3.3 years) with epilepsy for <1 year (n = 18), 1 to 5 years (n = 37), and 6 or more years (n = 27). Controls were 32 healthy children aged 12.8 ± 2.6 years. Age- and sex-corrected total body BMD Z-score was measured. RESULTS: Total BMD Z-score was lower in children with epilepsy (0.10 ± 0.96; CI = −0.08, 0.34) compared to controls (0.57 ± 0.74; CI = 0.3, 0.84; p = 0.03). Increasing duration of epilepsy was associated with a progressive reduction in BMD compared to controls (Spearman r = −0.197; p = 0.03). Compared to controls, those with epilepsy for 1 to 5 years had a mean BMD Z-score of 0.13 ± 0.78 (CI = −0.13, 0.39; p = 0.04) and in those treated for 6 or more years BMD was 0.06 ± 1.11 (CI = −0.38, 0.5; p = 0.04). For those with epilepsy for <1 year BMD was 0.23 ±1.1 (CI = −0.31, 0.77; p = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: Children treated for epilepsy sustain significant bone mineral density (BMD) deficit compared to controls during the initial 1 to 5 years of treatment which progressively worsens thereafter. This progressive BMD deficit may be a contributing factor to the increased fracture risk observed in patients with epilepsy and may accelerate aging-related osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density at age 7 years does not associate with adherence to vitamin D supplementation guidelines in infancy or vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood: An Odense Child Cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Signe Monrad Nørgaard ◽  
Christine Dalgård ◽  
Malene Søborg Heidemann ◽  
Anders Jørgen Schou ◽  
Henrik Thybo Christesen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Vitamin D supplementation in infancy is recommended to prevent rickets. At the population level, its effects on bone mineralisation are largely unknown. We aimed to explore whether adherence to national vitamin D supplementation guidelines (10 µg/day up to age 2 years), supplementation at ages 5 and 7 years, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) at various time points associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at age 7 years in the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark (n=1,194). High adherence was defined as supplementation with 10 µg vitamin D 6-7 times per week during ≥ 80 % of the observation time. S-25(OH)D was analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total-body-less-head (TBLH) BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. At median age 18.1 months, 53.9 % (n=475/881) reported high adherence. The median s-25(OH)D was 64.7, 78.8, 46.0, and 71.8 nmol/l in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, cord blood, and at 5 years, respectively. The mean (SD) TBLH BMD at median age 7.1 years was 0.613 (0.049) g/cm2 (z-score +0.363 (0.824)). In adjusted analyses, vitamin D supplementation up to 18 months, and at 5 and 7 years, was not associated with TBLH BMD. Similarly, no robust associations were found between TBLH BMD and s-25(OH)D at any time point. No associations were found for TBLH bone mineral concentration or bone area. In this population with relatively high s-25(OH)D concentrations, no consistent associations were found between adherence to vitamin D supplementation recommendations or vitamin D status in pregnancy or childhood, and bone mineralisation at age 7 years.

scholarly journals Secondary Functions of Arginine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Poultry Health: Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lima de Souza Castro ◽  
Woo K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Eimeria Infection ◽  
Health Review

Amino acids such as arginine, methionine, and cysteine are the precursors of essential molecules that regulate growth and health, being classified as functional amino acids. This review describes the metabolism of arginine and the sulfur amino acids and how they modulate, directly or indirectly, different tissues. Emphasis is placed on their effects in supporting health during challenging conditions, such as heat stress and Eimeria infection. The use of arginine has been shown to reduce abdominal fat pad in ducks and increase lean tissue and bone mineral density in broilers. Additionally, the sulfur amino acids have been shown to improve bone development and are beneficial during heat stress. The use of L-methionine increased the cortical and trabecular bone mineral densities, in laying hens. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of these amino acids could reduce the damage caused by Eimeria spp. infection by regulating the antioxidant system and cell repair. Understanding how these amino acids can mitigate stressful conditions may provide us novel insights of their use as nutritional strategies to modulate the health status of chickens.

Estrogen Receptor α Gene Polymorphisms and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Children and Young Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Boot ◽  
I. M. van der Sluis ◽  
S. M. P. F. de Muinck Keizer-Schrama ◽  
J. B. J. van Meurs ◽  
E. P. Krenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α Gene

Musculoskeletal profile of amateur combat athletes: body composition, muscular strength and striking power

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Del Vecchio ◽  
Nattai Borges ◽  
Campbell MacGregor ◽  
Jarrod D. Meerkin ◽  
Mike Climstein
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Physiological Tests

Background: Previous research highlighted positive musculoskeletal adaptations resulting from mechanical forces and loadings distinctive to impacts and movements with sports participation. However, little is known about these adaptations in combat athletes. The aim of this study was to quantify bone mineral density, lean muscle mass and punching and kicking power in amateur male combat athletes. Methods: Thirteen male combat athletes (lightweight and middleweight) volunteered all physiological tests including dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density (BMD) segmental body composition (lean muscle mass, LMM), muscle strength and striking power, sedentary controls (n = 15) were used for selected DXA outcome variables. Results: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between combat groups for lumbar spine (+5.0%), dominant arm (+4.4%) BMD, and dominant and non-dominant leg LMM (+21.8% and +22.6%). Controls had significantly (p < 0.05) high adiposity (+36.8% relative), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (+69.7%), VAT area (+69.5%), lower total body BMD (−8.4%) and lumbar spine BMD (−13.8%) than controls. No differences in lower limb BMD were seen in combat groups. Arm lean mass differences (dominant versus non-dominant) were significantly different between combat groups (p < 0.05, 4.2% versus 7.3%). There were no differences in punch/kick power (absolute or relative) between combat groups. 5RM strength (bench and squat) correlated significantly with upper limb striking power (r = 0.57), dominant and non-dominant leg BMD (r = 0.67, r = 0.70, respectively) and total body BMD (r = 0.59). Conclusion: BMD and LMM appear to be particularly important to discriminate between dominant and non-dominant upper limbs and less so for lower limb dominance in recreational combat athletes.

Adequate calcium intake during long periods improves bone mineral density in healthy children. Data from the Childhood Obesity Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 890-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Closa-Monasterolo ◽  
Marta Zaragoza-Jordana ◽  
Natàlia Ferré ◽  
Veronica Luque ◽  
Veit Grote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density in Severely Obese Women: Health Risk and Health Protective Risk Factors in Three Different Bone Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7017
Author(s):  
Camila Kellen de Souza Cardoso ◽  
Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto ◽  
Ana Paula dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Carolina Rodrigues Mendonça ◽  
Cesar de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Total Body

Factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) are poorly known in severely obese individuals i.e., a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2. The objectives of this study were to describe the bone health profile of severely obese Brazilian women, to identify the health risk and health protective factors for BMD in this group and to assess whether these factors vary according to three different bone sites. BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study analyzed baseline data from 104 women who had an average BMI of 43.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and presented the following BMD status: 1.283 ± 0.094 g/cm2 for total body, 1.062 ± 0.159 g/cm2 for vertebral column and 1.195 ± 0.134 g/cm2 for hip. They took part in the “Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity” randomized clinical trial (DieTBra Trial). The risk factors negatively associated with lower BMD were age ≥50 years for the three bone sites i.e., total body, vertebral column and hip. Smoking for total body BMD (p = 0.045); BMI ≥ 50kg/m2 for vertebral column and hip; menopause for hip; high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p = 0.049), insufficient zinc (p = 0.010) and previous fracture for vertebral column (p = 0.007). The protective factors positively associated with BMD were physical activity (≥150 min/week (p = 0.001)) for hip; type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) (p < 0.0001) total body and adequate vitamin D levels from food consumption (p = 0.039) for vertebral column. A BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 was a risk factor for lower BMD. The findings showed that protective and risk factors varied by bone site. The original study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. (protocol number: NCT02463435).

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