scholarly journals Long-term oral administration of cows' milk improves insulin sensitivity in rats fed a high-sucrose diet

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1324-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Matsumoto ◽  
Ryo Inoue ◽  
Takeshi Tsuruta ◽  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Takaji Yajima
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

We evaluated the effects of long-term daily cows' milk (CM) administration on insulin resistance induced by a high-sucrose diet. F344 rats, aged 3 weeks, were divided into two groups according to diet (dextrin-fedv.sucrose-fed). These groups were further divided into two groups receiving either CM or artificial milk (AM; isoenergetic emulsion of egg white protein, maltose, lard and minerals). Rats were fed a sucrose- or dextrin-based diet for 7 weeks and orally administered CM or AM at 25 ml/kg following an 8 h fast on a daily basis. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated via postprandial changes in serum glucose and insulin, oral glucose tolerance tests, and fasting serum insulin and fructosamine concentrations. The sucrose-fed rats showed an overall decrease in insulin sensitivity, but postprandial insulin levels were lower in the CM-treated subgroup than in the AM-treated subgroup. Peak serum glucose and insulin concentrations were highest in the sucrose-fed rats, but CM administration reduced peak glucose and insulin values in comparison with AM administration. By area under the curve analysis, insulin levels after feeding and glucose loads were significantly lower in the CM-treated groups than in the AM-treated groups. The CM-treated groups also demonstrated lower fasting insulin and fructosamine levels than the AM-treated groups. Improved insulin sensitivity due to CM administration seemed to be associated with reduced duodenal GLUT2 mRNA levels and increased propionate production within the caecum.

Effects of indigestible dextrin on glucose tolerance in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wakabayashi ◽  
Y Kishimoto ◽  
A Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Abstract A recently developed indigestible dextrin (IDex) was studied for its effects on glucose tolerance in male Sprague–Dawley rats. IDex is a low viscosity, water-soluble dietary fibre obtained by heating and enzyme treatment of potato starch. It has an average molecular weight of 1600. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted with 8-week-old rats to evaluate the effects of IDex on the increase in plasma glucose and insulin levels after a single administration of various sugars (1·5 g/kg body weight). The increase in both plasma glucose and insulin levels following sucrose, maltose and maltodextrin loading was significantly reduced by IDex (0·15 g/kg body weight). This effect was not noted following glucose, high fructose syrup and lactose loading. To evaluate the effects of continual IDex ingestion on glucose tolerance, 5-week-old rats were kept for 8 weeks on a stock diet, a high sucrose diet or an IDex-supplemented high sucrose diet. An oral glucose (1·5 g/kg body weight) tolerance test was conducted in week 8. Increases in both plasma glucose and insulin levels following glucose loading were higher in the rats given a high sucrose diet than in the rats fed a stock diet. However, when IDex was included in the high sucrose diet, the impairment of glucose tolerance was alleviated. Moreover, IDex feeding also significantly reduced accumulation of body fat, regardless of changes in body weight. These findings suggest that IDex not only improves glucose tolerance following sucrose, maltose and maltodextrin loading but also stops progressive decrease in glucose tolerance by preventing a high sucrose diet from causing obesity. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 533–538

scholarly journals A high-fat high-sucrose diet affects the long-term metabolic fate of grape proanthocyanidins in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Molinar-Toribio ◽  
Elisabet Fuguet ◽  
Sara Ramos-Romero ◽  
Núria Taltavull ◽  
Lucía Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Spirulina Lipids Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Yang ◽  
Lei Du ◽  
Masashi Hosokawa ◽  
Kazuo Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

High-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory status. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of total lipids extracted from Spirulina. Hence, in the present study, Spirulina lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol (SLC) or ethanol (SLE) and then their effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice fed a HFHSD were investigated. The results show that the major lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of SLC and SLE were almost similar, but the gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoid contents in SLE was a little higher than that in SLC. Dietary 4% SLC or SLE for 12 weeks effectively decreased the hepatic lipid hydroperoxide levels as well as increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in the mice fed a HFHSD. In addition, supplementation with SLC and SLE also markedly decreased the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a HFHSD, and the effects of SLC and SLE were comparable. These findings confirm for the first time that dietary Spirulina lipids could alleviate HFHSD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.

A long-term high-fat, high-sucrose diet in Bama minipigs promotes lipid deposition and amyotrophy by up-regulating the myostatin pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 425 ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxue Ruan ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Leilei Xin ◽  
Jihan Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Long-term oral administration of osteocalcin induces insulin resistance in male mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (8) ◽  
pp. E662-E675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yasutake ◽  
Akiko Mizokami ◽  
Tomoyo Kawakubo-Yasukochi ◽  
Sakura Chishaki ◽  
Ichiro Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Uncarboxylated osteocalcin (GluOC), a bone-derived hormone, regulates energy metabolism by stimulating insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cell proliferation, and adiponectin expression in adipocytes. Previously, we showed that long-term intermittent or daily oral administration of GluOC reduced the fasting blood glucose level, improved glucose tolerance, and increased the fasting serum insulin concentration as well as pancreatic β-cell area in female mice fed a normal or high-fat, high-sucrose diet. We have now performed similar experiments with male mice and found that such GluOC administration induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and adipocyte hypertrophy in those fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. In addition, GluOC increased the circulating concentration of testosterone and reduced that of adiponectin in such mice. These phenotypes were not observed in male mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet after orchidectomy, but they were apparent in orchidectomized male mice or intact female mice that were fed such a diet and subjected to continuous testosterone supplementation. Our results thus reveal a sex difference in the effects of GluOC on glucose homeostasis. Given that oral administration of GluOC has been considered a potentially safe and convenient option for the treatment or prevention of metabolic disorders, this sex difference will need to be taken into account in further investigations.

scholarly journals A Long-Term High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet Promotes Kidney Lipid Deposition and Causes Apoptosis and Glomerular Hypertrophy in Bama Minipigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0142884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Zhanzhao Zhao ◽  
Jihan Xia ◽  
Leilei Xin ◽  
Yaoxing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Glomerular Hypertrophy ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Long-Term Overconsumption of Fat and Sugar Causes a Partially Reversible Pre-inflammatory Bowel Disease State

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djésia Arnone ◽  
Marie Vallier ◽  
Sébastien Hergalant ◽  
Caroline Chabot ◽  
Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Nutrition appears to be an important environmental factor involved in the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) through yet poorly understood biological mechanisms. Most studies focused on fat content in high caloric diets, while refined sugars represent up to 40% of caloric intake within industrialized countries and contribute to the growing epidemics of inflammatory diseases. Herein we aim to better understand the impact of a high-fat-high-sucrose diet on intestinal homeostasis in healthy conditions and the subsequent colitis risk. We investigated the early events and the potential reversibility of high caloric diet-induced damage in mice before experimental colitis. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat or high-fat high-sucrose or control diet before experimental colitis. In healthy mice, a high-fat high-sucrose diet induces a pre-IBD state characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis with a total depletion of bacteria belonging to Barnesiella that is associated with subclinical endoscopic lesions. An overall down-regulation of the colonic transcriptome converged with broadly decreased immune cell populations in the mesenteric lymph nodes leading to the inability to respond to tissue injury. Such in-vivo effects on microbiome and transcriptome were partially restored when returning to normal chow. Long-term consumption of diet enriched in sucrose and fat predisposes mice to colitis. This enhanced risk is preceded by gut microbiota dysbiosis and transcriptional reprogramming of colonic genes related to IBD. Importantly, diet-induced transcriptome and microbiome disturbances are partially reversible after switching back to normal chow with persistent sequelae that may contribute to IBD predisposition in the general population.

scholarly journals 24-h severe energy restriction impairs postprandial glycaemic control in young, lean males

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Clayton ◽  
Jack Biddle ◽  
Tyler Maher ◽  
Mark P. Funnell ◽  
Jack A. Sargeant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment

AbstractIntermittent energy restriction (IER) involves short periods of severe energy restriction interspersed with periods of adequate energy intake, and can induce weight loss. Insulin sensitivity is impaired by short-term, complete energy restriction, but the effects of IER are not well known. In randomised order, fourteen lean men (age: 25 (sd 4) years; BMI: 24 (sd 2) kg/m2; body fat: 17 (4) %) consumed 24-h diets providing 100 % (10 441 (sd 812) kJ; energy balance (EB)) or 25 % (2622 (sd 204) kJ; energy restriction (ER)) of estimated energy requirements, followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g of glucose drink) after fasting overnight. Plasma/serum glucose, insulin, NEFA, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were assessed before and after (0 h) each 24-h dietary intervention, and throughout the 2-h OGTT. Homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) assessed the fasted response and incremental AUC (iAUC) or total AUC (tAUC) were calculated during the OGTT. At 0 h, HOMA2-IR was 23 % lower after ER compared with EB (P<0·05). During the OGTT, serum glucose iAUC (P<0·001), serum insulin iAUC (P<0·05) and plasma NEFA tAUC (P<0·01) were greater during ER, but GLP-1 (P=0·161), GIP (P=0·473) and FGF21 (P=0·497) tAUC were similar between trials. These results demonstrate that severe energy restriction acutely impairs postprandial glycaemic control in lean men, despite reducing HOMA2-IR. Chronic intervention studies are required to elucidate the long-term effects of IER on indices of insulin sensitivity, particularly in the absence of weight loss.

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