scholarly journals Dietary vitamin D and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the multiethnic cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Erber ◽  
Gertraud Maskarinec ◽  
Unhee Lim ◽  
Laurence N. Kolonel
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
African American Men ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

The present study explored the association between dietary vitamin D and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) risk. The multiethnic cohort (MEC) includes more than 215 000 Caucasians, African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans and Latinos, aged 45–75. After 10 years of follow-up, 939 incident NHL cases were identified. Risk was estimated using proportional hazards' models adjusted for possible confounders. Vitamin D intake was not associated with NHL risk in the entire cohort (Ptrend = 0·72 for men and Ptrend = 0·83 for women), but significantly lowered disease risk in African American women (hazard ratio (HR) = 0·50, 95 % CI: 0·28, 0·90, Ptrend = 0·03) and was borderline protective in African American men (HR = 0·68; 95 % CI: 0·39, 1·19; Ptrend = 0·31) when the highest to the lowest tertile was compared. In NHL subtype analyses, a 19, 36 and 32 % lowered risk, although not significant, was observed for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia in women, respectively. High dietary intake of vitamin D did not show a protective effect against NHL within the MEC except among African Americans, possibly because vitamin D production due to sun exposure is limited in this population.

Age Differences in Knowledge about HIV Transmission among African-American Men and Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Kathleen Burlew
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Older African Americans ◽  
The Difference

To test whether knowledge about HIV transmission may be one contributing factor to the disproportionately high rates of HIV and AIDS cases among older African Americans, this study examined data from 448 African-American men and women, who completed the AIDS Knowledge and Awareness Scale. Overall the findings supported the hypothesis that older African Americans were not as knowledgeable as their younger counterparts. However, the analyses also indicated older (age 61+) African-American women were significantly less knowledgeable about HIV transmission than the younger women. However, the difference between older and younger men was not significant. One implication is that older African Americans, especially women, should be targets of educational efforts.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency increases prostatic megalin expression and globulin-bound testosterone import, increasing prostatic androgens in African American men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Garcia ◽  
Kirsten Krieger ◽  
Candice Loitz ◽  
Lillian M Perez ◽  
Zachary A Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
African American Men ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency associates with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa) mortality and is hypothesized to contribute to PCa aggressiveness and disparities in African Americans. We reported a relationship between African-ancestry, circulating and intraprostatic vitamin D metabolites and prostatic expression of megalin, an endocytic membrane receptor that internalizes globulin-bound hormones. Here, we show that megalin imports sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone, potentially regulating intraprostatic hormone levels. Vitamin D levels regulated megalin expression in cell lines, patient-derived prostate epithelial cells, and prostate tissue explants, and mice with prostatic knockout of Lrp2 (megalin) showed reduced prostatic testosterone. Notably, prostatic 5α-dihydrotestosterone levels were higher in African American men and correlated inversely with serum vitamin D status, while megalin protein levels were reduced in PCa tissue. Our findings highlight the negative impact of vitamin D deficiency on PCa and the potential link to PCa disparities observed in African Americans.

scholarly journals Race and other sociodemographic categories are differentially linked to multiple dimensions of interpersonal-level discrimination: Implications for intersectional, health research

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251174
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Beatty Moody ◽  
Shari R. Waldstein ◽  
Daniel K. Leibel ◽  
Lori S. Hoggard ◽  
Gilbert C. Gee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Social Status ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Older African Americans ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Interpersonal Level ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

Objectives To examine whether intersections of race with other key sociodemographic categories contribute to variations in multiple dimensions of race- and non-race-related, interpersonal-level discrimination and burden in urban-dwelling African Americans and Whites. Methods Data from 2,958 participants aged 30–64 in the population-based Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were used to estimate up to four-way interactions of race, age, gender, and poverty status with reports of racial and everyday discrimination, discrimination across multiple social statuses, and related lifetime discrimination burden in multiple regression models. Results We observed that: 1) African Americans experienced all forms of discrimination more frequently than Whites, but this finding was qualified by interactions of race with age, gender, and/or poverty status; 2) older African Americans, particularly African American men, and African American men living in poverty reported the greatest lifetime discrimination burden; 3) older African Americans reported greater racial discrimination and greater frequency of multiple social status-based discrimination than younger African Americans; 4) African American men reported greater racial and everyday discrimination and a greater frequency of social status discrimination than African American women; and, 5) White women reported greater frequency of discrimination than White men. All p’s < .05. Conclusions Within African Americans, older, male individuals with lower SES experienced greater racial, lifetime, and multiple social status-based discrimination, but this pattern was not observed in Whites. Among Whites, women reported greater frequency of discrimination across multiple social statuses and other factors (i.e., gender, income, appearance, and health status) than men. Efforts to reduce discrimination-related health disparities should concurrently assess dimensions of interpersonal-level discrimination across multiple sociodemographic categories, while simultaneously considering the broader socioecological context shaping these factors.

Abstract P013: Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Hypertension in African Americans According to 2014 Guidelines

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshan Vasudeva ◽  
Nathalie Moise ◽  
Keane Y Tzong ◽  
Joanne Penko ◽  
Lee Goldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
African American Women ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Stage 1

Background: Among U.S. ethnic groups, African Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension and higher rates of hypertension-related morbidity and mortality. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of improved hypertension control in African Americans. Methods: The populations studied were African Americans and all U.S. adults aged 35-74 years. Using the CVD Policy Model, we simulated CVD events and non-CVD deaths, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and hypertension and CVD treatment costs, before and after implementing 2014 U.S. guidelines. African American and overall U.S. CVD incidence, mortality, and risk factor levels were obtained from cohort studies, vital statistics, and the NHANES. Hypertension treatment effects were derived from a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Stage 2 hypertension was defined as BP ≥160/100 mmHg; stage 1 as BP ≥140/90 and <160/100 mmHg. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated as change in costs divided by change in QALYs. An ICER <50,000 was cost effective, ≥$50,000 and <$150,000 intermediate value, and >$150,000 low value. Results: Treating hypertension in CVD patients and in stage 2 hypertensives without CVD would be cost-saving in all African Americans and in all but the youngest women overall (Table). Treating stage 1 hypertension would be cost-saving in all African American men except for ages 35-44 without diabetes or CKD, and cost-saving in all women ≥45 years old. Treating the youngest women with stage 1 hypertension was of intermediate or low value in both African Americans and the U.S. overall, but of more value in African American women. Discussion: In a computer simulation of hypertension treatment according to 2014 guidelines, we found that controlling hypertension would be cost-saving in all African American adults age 45 or older. These results suggest that investment in effective clinic and community-based interventions aimed at controlling hypertension in African Americans would yield high value to health system payers and to society.

scholarly journals Adulthood residential ultraviolet radiation, sun sensitivity, dietary vitamin D, and risk of lymphoid malignancies in the California Teachers Study

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1591-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen T. Chang ◽  
Alison J. Canchola ◽  
Myles Cockburn ◽  
Yani Lu ◽  
Sophia S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Lymphoid Malignancies ◽  
Dietary Vitamin D

Abstract To lend clarity to inconsistent prior findings of an inverse association between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and risk of lymphoid malignancies, we examined the association of prospectively ascertained residential ambient UVR exposure with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), multiple myeloma (MM), and classical Hodgkin lymphoma in the California Teachers Study cohort. Among 121 216 eligible women, 629 were diagnosed with NHL, 119 with MM, and 38 with Hodgkin lymphoma between 1995-1996 and 2007. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Residential UVR levels within a 20-km radius were associated with reduced risk of overall NHL (RR for highest vs lowest statewide quartile of minimum UVR [≥ 5100 vs < 4915 W-h/m2], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42-0.80), especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.78) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.01), and MM (RR for maximum UVR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.90). These associations were not modified by skin sensitivity to sunlight, race/ethnicity, body mass index, or neighborhood socioeconomic status. Dietary vitamin D also was not associated with risk of lymphoid malignancies. These results support a protective effect of routine residential UVR exposure against lymphomagenesis through mechanisms possibly independent of vitamin D.

African American men who become mental health advocates

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110127
Author(s):  
Sandra Yaklin ◽  
Miyong Kim ◽  
Jacklyn Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Tailored Messages ◽  
Promote Mental Health

Using a narrative approach, this study explored how African American men became mental health advocates. This ancillary study is part of a formative within an ongoing community based intervention program that was designed to promote mental health of African Americans (AMEN) project within an ongoing community based intervention program that was designed to promote mental health of African Americans (AMEN) project. Narrative research techniques were used to analyze and synthesize the data. Analysis generated one major theme (interdependence) with four supporting sub-themes (credibility, social depression, stigma, and calling). These findings and insights through this qualitative study guided the AMEN project team to formulate effective communication strategies in establishing working relationships with community partners and wider stakeholders as well as crafting culturally tailored messages for African American participants.

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