scholarly journals Temporal reproducibility of taurine measurements in frozen serum of healthy postmenopausal women

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktawia P. Wójcik ◽  
Karen L. Koenig ◽  
Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte ◽  
Max Costa ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
New York University ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
The Mean

Animal studies and small clinical trials have shown that taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid), a sulphur-containing molecule mainly obtained from the diet in human subjects, has a variety of biological actions that are related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular functions. However, epidemiological studies of taurine and CHD risk are lacking. We evaluated whether a single measurement of serum taurine could serve as an estimate for long-term serum levels. Serum taurine was measured using HPLC in three annual samples from thirty postmenopausal women selected from the New York University Women's Health Study. Overall, serum taurine values ranged from 62·8 to 245·3 nmol/ml, with a mean of 140 nmol/ml. The intraclass correlation coefficient of a single measurement of serum taurine was 0·48 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·68), which can be improved to 0·65 by using the mean of two annual measurements. The CV was 7 %. These results indicate that the mean of two or more annual measurements of serum taurine is a sufficiently reliable measure of long-term serum levels that can be used in epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals The Association Between Phytosterol Intake and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Rawiwan Sirirat ◽  
Yessenia Tantamango-Bartley ◽  
Celine Heskey ◽  
Ella Haddad ◽  
Gary Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Adventist Health Study

Abstract Objectives Breast cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer among American women. Worldwide, it is second only to lung cancer. Phytosterols are phytochemicals found in plant foods that have potential benefits for breast cancer. Research on phytosterols and cancer associations to date has been limited to breast cancer cell lines and animal studies, and the results have been promising. Our objective is to examine the association between breast cancer incidence and phytosterol intake in the Adventist Health Study-2, a large cohort in North America. Methods The present study estimated the association between phytosterol intake and breast cancer incidence in 52,734 females who were part of the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) cohort. Breast cancer cases (n = 1050) were ascertained with tumor registries from 2008 to 2014. Phytosterols content in foods was quantified by using USDA 17 and other published sources. These values were used to estimate phytosterol intake from food intake assessed by a self-administered food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Results Hazard ratios were below the null, but statistically non-significant for β-sitosterol [HR = 0.77, 95%CI (0.44–1.36)], campesterol [HR = 0.84, 95%CI (0.46–1.55)], stigmasterol [HR = 0.76 (0.46–1.26)], and total phytosterol [HR = 0.77, 95%CI (0.43–1.40)]. In premenopausal women, HRs ranged between 0.95–1.72; in postmenopausal women, HRs were below the null, ranging between 0.67–0.83. In both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, HRs were statistically non-significant. Conclusions The inverse association between phytosterol consumption and breast cancer incidence appears uncertain. The uncertainty possibly could be due to lack of power or measurement error. Additional epidemiological studies with a larger number of breast cancer cases, improved phytosterol intake estimates, or both are needed. Funding Sources Unilever Research &Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.

Changes in Dkk-1, sclerostin, and RANKL serum levels following discontinuation of long-term denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women

Bone ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fassio ◽  
G. Adami ◽  
C. Benini ◽  
E. Vantaggiato ◽  
K.G. Saag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Denosumab Treatment

PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE AND SERUM PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN RELATION TO THE MENOPAUSE AND TO OESTROGEN THERAPY

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. AITKEN ◽  
M. J. D. GALLAGHER ◽  
D. M. HART ◽  
D. A. G. NEWTON ◽  
A. CRAIG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY Plasma human growth hormone (HGH) and serum phosphorus concentrations were measured during the fasting ambulatory state in middleaged men, pre- and postmenopausal women and postmenopausal women who had been taking 20–40 μg mestranol daily for 1–3 years. The mean plasma HGH concentrations were consistently higher in the women than they were in the men, there was little difference between the mean values for pre- and postmenopausal women, and the mestranoltreated women had significantly higher mean values than the untreated postmenopausal women. The mean serum phosphorus concentration was significantly higher after menopause and was significantly lower in those women on long-term lowdose mestranol therapy. A significant direct correlation was found between serum phosphorus and plasma HGH concentrations in untreated postmenopausal women. It is suggested that the postmenopausal relative hyperphosphataemia is consistent with increased HGH activity.

scholarly journals Breast Tissues in Transsexual Women–A Nonprostatic Source of Androgen Up-Regulated Production of Prostate-Specific Antigen

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 3313-3315
Author(s):  
Victor H. H. Goh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Androgen Therapy ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
Serial Measurements

The present study made use of the female transsexual model and sought to evaluate the contributions of the ovarian, endometrial, and breast tissues to the androgen up-regulated production of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Serum levels of PSA were significantly raised in female transsexuals before surgery, after long-term androgen therapy (mean ± se = 35.3 ± 6.2 pg/mL) when compared with female transsexuals before surgery, but with no androgen therapy (mean ± se = 1.53 ± 0.25 pg/mL). In addition, in androngenized female transsexuals, after surgery, concentrations of PSA (mean ± se = 14.5 ± 2.8 pg/mL) were significantly lowered compared with androngenized female transsexuals after surgery, but the levels were, nevertheless, significantly higher than in normal females. Monthly im injection of 250 mg Sustanon-250 to female transsexuals had raised serum testosterone levels to within the male range. In five subjects, in whom serial measurements were taken, serum testosterone levels were greatly raised 24 h after the testosterone therapy; the mean level (±se) was 19.5 ± 2.1 ng/mL. But in spite of these high testosterone levels, serum PSA levels (mean ± se= 2.2 ± 0.9 pg/mL) were not significantly raised. However, after 12 months of androgen therapy, the mean (±se) PSA level in these five subjects was 47 ± 11.6 pg/mL and was significantly higher than the mean level in nonandrogenized female transsexuals. The present study confirmed that high levels of testosterone were able to up-regulate PSA production in women. This up-regulation of PSA production is both a dose- and time-dependent process. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that breast tissues are possibly a nonprostatic source of androgen up-regulated production of PSA women.

scholarly journals Early nutrition and long-term health: a practical approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lanigan ◽  
Atul Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Nutrition in early life, a critical period for human development, can have long-term effects on health in adulthood. Supporting evidence comes from epidemiological studies, animal models and experimental interventions in human subjects. The mechanism is proposed to operate through nutritional influences on growth. Substantial evidence now supports the hypothesis that ‘accelerated’ or too fast infant growth increases the propensity to the major components of the metabolic syndrome (glucose intolerance, obesity, raised blood pressure and dyslipidaemia), the clustering of risk factors that predispose to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The association between infant growth and these risk factors is strong, consistent, shows a dose–response effect and is biologically plausible. Moreover, experimental data from prospective randomised controlled trials strongly support a causal link between infant growth and later risk factors for atherosclerosis. Evidence that infant growth affects the development of atherosclerosis therefore suggests that the primary prevention of CVD should begin from as early as the first few months of life. The present review considers this evidence, the underlying mechanisms involved and its implications for public health.

scholarly journals Serum folate levels in children on long-term anti-seizure medication in a Nigerian tertiary center—Implications for practice and public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 003685042110576
Author(s):  
Adaobi I Bisi-Onyemaechi ◽  
Ugo N Chikani ◽  
Ndubuisi A Uwaezuoke ◽  
Ann E Aronu ◽  
Ngozi C Ojinnaka
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Epilepsy is the most common childhood neurological disorder in Nigeria. Treatment of epilepsy is long-term and sometimes lifelong with anti-seizure medications. There are conflicting reports on the effect of anti-seizure medications on serum folate. There is therefore a need to determine the effect of a commonly used anti-seizure medication's on serum folate levels of children. This would provide an evidence-based consideration for folic acid supplementation in children on anti-seizure medication as has been suggested by some studies. Study objectives: To determine whether serum folate levels were lower in children taking long-term carbamazepine or sodium valproate, compared to a control group. Methods: Serum folic acid levels were measured from well-nourished children between the ages of 1–17 years on carbamazepine and sodium valproate monotherapy and their age/sex-matched controls, using spectrophotometry. Results: The mean serum folate levels of patients on carbamazepine (43) and sodium valproate (22) were 0.032 mg/l ± 0.009 and 0.028 mg/l  ±  0.008, respectively. The mean folate levels of the controls were 0.046 mg/l  ±  0.03 ( p = 0 001). No statistically significant difference was observed between the serum folate levels of children on the two anti-seizure medications, that is, carbamazepine and valproate. Conclusion: The children on treatment with carbamazepine and sodium valproate for more than 6 months had statistically significantly lower serum levels of folic acid compared to the standard reference range and controls. The serum folate levels of children on carbamazepine were not statistically different from those on sodium valproate.

Influence of dopaminergic inhibition on serum levels of thyrotrophin and prolactin in patients with hypothyroidism before and after prolonged oral administration of TRH

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald M. M. Frey ◽  
Egil Haug
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Serum Tsh

Abstract. Forty mg TRH/day given orally for 3 weeks to 8 patients with mild primary hypothyroidism decreased serum TSH from a mean of 4.0 ng/ml ± 1.2 (se) to 2.0 ng/ml ± 0.4 (49%), and their mean incremental TSH response to iv TRH was equally reduced from 8.6 ng/ml ± 2.5 to 4.0 ng/ml ± 1.9 (46%). In the same patients serum Prl was 8.2 ng/ml ± 2.2 before oral TRH treatment and 6.6 ng/ml ± 1.5 (81%) after treatment, and the mean incremetal Prl response to iv TRH was reduced from 43.5 ng/ml ± 5.0 to 35.9 ng/ml ± 7.5(83%). The oral administration of 10 mg of the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide increased mean serum TSH from 0.6 ng/ml ± 0.1 (se) to 0.7 ng/ml ± 0.1 (120%) in euthyroid subjects and from 4.0 ng/ml ±1.2 to 5.7 ng/ml ± 1.6 (145%) in patients with primary hypothyroidism, and mean serum Prl from 8.6 ng/ml ± 0.8 to 109.5 ng/ml ± 24.3 (1251%) and from 8.2 ng/ml ± 2.2 to 119.6 ng/ml ± 45.5(1460%), respectively. The incremental TSH responses to iv TRH increased 2.3-fold in euthyroid subjects pre-treated with metoclopramide, while no change was observed in the TSH responsiveness in patients with primary hypothyroidism following metoclopramide pre-treatment. In the euthyroid subjects metoclopramide treatment had no effect on the Prl response to iv TRH. In the primary hypothyroid group metoclopramide pre-treatment caused a reduced Prl response to iv TRH in more than 50% of the patients. It is concluded that long-term TRH treatment decreased the serum levels of TSH and Prl as well as the incremental increases in TSH and Prl to iv TRH stimulation in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Long-term TRH treatment did not change the TSH and Prl responses to the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide.

scholarly journals Two-Year Reproducibility of Axial Length Measurements after Combined Phacovitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane, and Refractive Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3493
Author(s):  
Tae Seen Kang ◽  
Yong-Il Shin ◽  
Cheon Kuk Ryu ◽  
Jung Yeul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Lens Position ◽  
Refractive Outcomes ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Purpose: To determine the long-term reproducibility of axial length measurements and mean postoperative prediction errors after combined phacovitrectomy in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: The study included 43 patients who underwent combined phacovitrectomy and 30 patients who underwent only phacoemulsification. To determine the effect of vitrectomy, we compared patients treated with phacoemulsification only versus those treated with combined phacovitrectomy. Axial lengths were measured three times with a one-year interval, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and test–retest standard deviation (TRTSD) were assessed. Results: There was no significant change in axial length, and axial length measurements showed high reproducibility in all groups. ICC, CV, and TRTSD values were 0.997, 0.24%, and 0.056, respectively, for the vitrectomized eyes. The mean postoperative prediction error was −0.37 diopters(D) in vitrectomized eyes (p < 0.001), while it was +0.11 D in patients with phacoemulsification (p = 0.531). The myopic shift was more obvious in eyes with a shallower anterior chamber (p = 0.008) and a thicker lens (p = 0.025). Conclusions: Axial length measurements showed excellent long-term reproducibility at 2 years after combined phacovitrectomy. Myopic shifts were observed after combined phacovitrectomy, which was probably due to changes in the effective lens position after combined phacovitrectomy, rather than to changes in the axial length.

scholarly journals Validation of a Mobile Version of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form: An Observational Randomized Crossover Trial

10.2196/16758 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e16758
Author(s):  
Jingyi Hou ◽  
Qingyue Li ◽  
Menglei Yu ◽  
Fangqi Li ◽  
Yiyong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Joint Function ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Paper Version ◽  
Randomized Crossover Trial ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
The Mean

Background The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES) questionnaire is an effective tool for evaluating shoulder joint function. The development and usage of a mobile version of the ASES questionnaire has the potential to save time, money, and effort. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the equivalence between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire and their acceptability among patients. Methods The paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire were used to evaluate the shoulder joint function of 50 patients with shoulder pain. This study included patients from the shoulder clinic of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method were used to evaluate the agreement (reliability) of the scores obtained by the two methods (paper versus mobile). Results Of the 50 patients recruited from March 2018 to May 2019, 46 (92%) completed the study. There was a high agreement between the paper and mobile versions of the ASES questionnaire (ICC=0.979, 95% CI 0.943-0.987; P<.001). The mean difference between the scores of the mobile and paper versions was 1.0, and only 1/46 (2%) had a difference greater than the minimal clinically important difference of 12 points. About 75% of patients preferred the mobile version to the paper version. Conclusions Our study shows that the mobile version of the ASES questionnaire is comparable to the paper version, and has a higher patient preference. This could prove to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies and patient follow-up over longer periods of time.

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