scholarly journals The impact of salt, fat and sugar levels on toddler food intake

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Bouhlal ◽  
Sylvie Issanchou ◽  
Sophie Nicklaus
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Sugar Addition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the early determinants of food intake, in particular the role of food sensory quality, is a necessary step to improve the prevention of unhealthy food habits. However, the extent to which food intake varies according to salt, fat and sugar content is imperfectly known. The present study aimed at evaluating whether toddler food intake varied during lunches or snacks in which salt, fat or sugar contents had been modified in common foods. Seventy-four children (30 (se 0·5) months old) participated in the study in their usual day-care centres. Every other week, they were served lunches composed, among other items, of green beans and pasta with varying salt (0, 0·6 and 1·2 % added salt) or fat (0, 2·5 and 5 % added butter) levels and afternoon snacks composed of fruit purée varying in sugar level (0, 5 and 10 % added sugar). During each meal, children could eat as much as they wanted from the target foods. Each food was weighed before and after the meal. Salt level had a positive impact on the intake of the target foods. On the contrary, no impact of added fat or added sugar levels was observed. This implies that fat and sugar addition could be avoided in foods for children without having an impact on palatability, allowing the energy density of children's diet to be limited. Salt addition should be limited, but its suppression in vegetables, whose intake is to be promoted, should be considered cautiously.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

The drivers, trends and dietary impacts of non-nutritive sweeteners in the food supply: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Cherie Russell ◽  
Carley Grimes ◽  
Phillip Baker ◽  
Katherine Sievert ◽  
Mark A. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Foods

Abstract Poor diets, including excess added sugar consumption, contribute to the global burden of disease. Subsequently, many nutrition policies have been implemented to reduce added sugar intake and improve population health, including taxes, education, labelling and environmental interventions. A potential consequence of these policy actions is the substitution of added sugars with non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in a variety of foods and beverages. NNS are used to reduce the energy and sugar content of foods and beverages while maintaining their palatability. Evidence of the toxicological risks of NNS is inconsistent, though concerns have been raised over the potential substitution effects of ultra-processed foods containing NNS for whole foods. This review aimed to provide an overview of current NNS food supply and consumption patterns, assess added sugar-reduction policies and their impact on NNS, and determine the impact of NNS on food choice, energy intake and diet quality. NNS are widely available in a variety of products, though most commonly in carbonated beverages, dairy products, confectionery, table-top sweeteners and fruit drinks. However, the longitudinal trends of different product categories, and differences between geographies and economy-income levels, require further study. Few studies have examined NNS consumption trends globally, though an increase in NNS consumption in beverages has been observed in some regions. Research examining how the increased availability of low-sugar, NNS-containing products affects global dietary patterns is limited, particularly in terms of their potential substitution effects.

Impact of a course in evidence-informed policy-making on the acquisition of methodological knowledge: Findings from before-and-after studies conducted on three consecutive cohorts of master students

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-311
Author(s):  
Luc Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The practice of evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) consists of systematically searching, analyzing, synthesizing and disseminating the best available research evidence to inform decision-makers about policy problems, policy tools, implementation options, and/or policy evaluation results. Identifying the best available scientific evidence is not a simple task. The vast majority of research evidence contains risks of bias that hinder the reliability of their conclusions. In order to select the soundest available research evidence, policy analysts need to know how to critically appraise research evidence and identify different risks of bias. Formal theories on expertise acquisition in public bureaucracies suggest that these skills and knowledge should be acquired within academia rather than within governmental agencies. We thus created a 45-hour course in EIPM, POL-7061, that was first offered in 2012 to students enrolled in the Master’s Program in Public Affairs at Université Laval (Québec, Canada). The course mainly teaches techniques for searching and appraising different types of empirical studies. In 2013, we conducted a before-and-after study to assess the impact of the course on the methodological knowledge of the students. We repeated the exercise on two consecutive cohorts in 2014 and 2015. Mean percent of pre-post improvement on the knowledge test was 37% for the 2013 cohort, 51% for the 2014 cohort and 31% for the cohort of 2015. Teaching techniques in EIPM to Master’s students in public affairs is thus feasible and can have a positive impact on their basic methodological knowledge.

scholarly journals Active involvement of patients in pharmacist education has a positive impact on students’ perspective: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Hache ◽  
Stéphane Honoré ◽  
Guillaume Hache
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Patient-led education contributes to the implementation of practical experience of working with patients in health care professional curricula. There are few descriptions of patients’ involvement in pharmacists’ training and most often, the patients have been used as passive props to facilitate training. More recently, greater emphasis has been given to a more active form of patient involvement but the application in the curriculum of pharmacy has not been conceptualized. Thus, the aim of our study was to implement a workshop involving patients as partners in undergraduate pharmacy educational programme, and to evaluate its impact of on students’ perspectives. Method On a prospective observational study basis, the impact was assessed in terms of relevance, learning outcomes and achievement transfer using the Kirkpatrick training assessment method. In addition, we evaluated social representations of the students before and after the workshop. Results Ninety-four students attended the sessions. All participants were satisfied and emphasized the relevance of the involvement of patients. Postworkshop scores were significantly improved in both competencies to be acquired. At the end of the workshop, students reported two to three actions to implement in order to meet patients’ expectations, illustrating an intent to transfer learning outcomes in professional context. Interestingly, about patients’ expectations on pharmacist’s role, students’ social representations had evolved significantly after the session. Conclusion These results highlight the positive impact of the innovative workshops and the additive value of patients’ involvement in the pharmacy undergraduate programme.

scholarly journals Effect of Sugar Content on Acetaldehyde Yield in Cigarette Smoke

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Cahours ◽  
T Verron ◽  
S Purkis
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Work Supports ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between cigarette blend sugar and acetaldehyde formed in its smoke is a matter of current regulatory interest. This paper provides a re-analysis of data from 83 European commercial cigarettes studied in the 1970s and more modern data on sugar levels and acetaldehyde yields from a series of 97 European commercial cigarettes containing both inherent sugar and in other cases inherent and added sugar. It also provides data from 65 experimental cigarette products made from single curing grades of tobacco, having a wide range of inherent sugar levels but no added sugar.This study has shown that there is no relationship between acetaldehyde yields and blend sugar content even if a multivariate analysis is carried out taking into account Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM) as a co-factor. Such analyses should take into consideration each of the known contributory factors in order to avoid misleading conclusions.No distinction was found between the mainstream acetaldehyde yields from dark air-cured, flue-cured or US blended style cigarettes irrespective of their sugar content after taking account of differences in NFDPM yields. Similarly, no distinction was found between mainstream acetaldehyde yields of cigarettes made from single grades of either flue-cured, sun-cured or air-cured tobaccos with no sugar added.This work supports the conclusion that structural material in the tobacco plant is the main source of acetaldehyde in mainstream smoke after combustion during cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Dampak Program GEMAR dalam Pendampingan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Rawan Sosial Ekonomi di Kelurahan Belawan Bahari Kecamatan Medan Belawan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Dedek Syahrani ◽  
Agus Suriadi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Statistics Analysis ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to find out how much the impact was felt directly and related to the positive impact of the GEMAR program in assisting the empowerment of socio-economic prone women in Belawan Bahari Village, Medan Belawan District. This type of research is descriptive research that is analyzed quantitatively. Sampling techniques using the formula N = n, the sample in this study were 30 respondents, namely women who received the benefits of the GEMAR program. This research instrument uses a questionnaire distributed to 30 respondents. The data obtained tabulated into the table is then analyzed and processed quantitative data by analysis of Case Processing Summary and Test of Normality that before and after the GEMAR program valid data amounts to 30 and no data is missing with a percentage of 100% and significance values before the program GEMAR is 0.083 and after the GEMAR program is 0.719 and greater than 0.05, the two data are declared to be normally distributed. Paired Sample Statistics analysis, Paired Samples Correlation and Paired Samples Test analysis. Based on the results of Paired Sample Statistics analysis after the GEMAR program is higher than before the GEMAR program with an average value before = 35.97 and after average value = 47.20 from 30 data, the results of Paired Samples Correlation analysis that the correlation value before and after the GEMAR program, which produces a number 0.622 with a probability value (Sig.) 0,000 that the correlation between before and after the GEMAR program relates strongly and positively, because the probability value is <0.05. Paired Samples analysis results calculated values for the impact of the GEMAR program are 7.157 with probability (Sig.) 0,000. Because the probability (Sig.) 0,000 <0,05 is rejected. This means that there is a significant influence before and after the GEMAR program in assisting the empowerment of socio-economic prone women.Keywords: Impact, GEMAR Program, Empowerment Assistance for Women in Socio-Economic Prone, Poverty AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar dampak yang dirasakan langsung dan berkaitan dengan dampak positif program GEMAR dalam pendampingan pemberdayaan perempuan rawan sosial ekonomi di Kelurahan Belawan Bahari Kecamatan Medan Belawan. Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 responden yaitu perempuan yang menerima manfaat program GEMAR. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan analisis Case Processing Summary dan Test of Normality bahwa sebelum dan sesudah program GEMAR data yang valid berjumlah 30 dan tidak ada data yang hilang (missing) dengan persentase 100% dan nilai signifikansi sebelum program GEMAR sebesar 0,083 dan sesudah program GEMAR sebesar 0,719 dan lebih besar dari 0,05 maka kedua data dinyatakan berdistribusi normal. Analisis Paired Sample Statistics, Paired Samples Correlation dan analisis Paired Samples Test. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Paired Sample Statistics sesudah adanya program GEMAR lebih tinggi di banding sebelum ada program GEMAR dengan nilai rata-rata sebelum = 35,97 dan nilai rata-rata sesudah = 47,20 dari 30 data, hasil analisis Paired Samples Correlation bahwa nilai korelasi sebelum dan sesudah program GEMAR, yang menghasilkan angka 0,622 dengan nilai probabilitas (Sig.) 0,000 bahwa korelasi antara sebelum dan sesudah adanya program GEMAR berhubungan secara kuat dan positif, karena nilai probabilitas <0,05. Hasil analisis Paired Samples nilai t-hitung untuk dampak program GEMAR adalah 7.157 dengan probabilitas (Sig.) 0,000. Karena probabilitas (Sig.) 0,000 < 0,05 maka H₀ ditolak. Artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah adanya program GEMAR dalam pendampingan pemberdayaan perempuan rawan sosial ekonomi. Kata Kunci: Dampak, Program GEMAR, Pendampingan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Rawan Sosial Ekonomi, Kemiskinan

scholarly journals The Impact of Information Technology on Family Values Transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Bagus Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

This research explains the impact of Contemporary Information Technology Application Progress (CITA-P), WhatsApp/WA application, in transforming the family values from face-to-face contact (Emotional and Personal Value or EPV) to non-personal contact (Pragmatic Value or PV). It uses quasi-experimental design conducted by pre-test, treatment, and post-test in Hagen lineage (HaL) as Experiment Group (EG). Then it compares by Control Group (CG) with the Limited-Treatment (L-T) by phone, Short Message Service/SMS, and Facebook/Fb in Sumer lineage (SuL). Data were collected by sending the Eid messages. Respondent consisted of HaL and SuL members. Contemporary treatment is manipulated by CITA-P at the HaL member. Findings showed that CITA-P has positive impact to transform the EPV toward PV, as indicated by significant increase in the larger IT-P score in the EG than the L-T effect in CG before and after implementing it.

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure, Carbohydrate Oxidation and Appetitive Responses to Sucrose or Sucralose in Humans: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chern ◽  
Sze-Yen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sugar Replacement ◽  
Meal Challenge

Background: In light of obesity, replacing sugar with non-nutritive sweeteners is commonly used to reduce sugar content of food products. This study aimed to compare human energy expenditure (EE), carbohydrate oxidation and food intake after the ingestion of test foods sweetened with sucrose or a non-nutritive sweetener. Methods: This was an acute crossover feeding study that entailed consumption of three test foods: jelly sweetened with 50 g sucrose (SUCROSE), with 120 mg of sucralose only (NNS), or 120 mg sucralose but matched in carbohydrate with 50 g maltodextrin (MALT). On test days, participants arrived at the research facility after an overnight fast. Resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimeter) was measured for 30 min followed by jelly consumption. Participants’ EE and substrate oxidation were measured for 90 min subsequently. After EE assessment, participants completed a meal challenge before leaving the research facility, and recorded food intake for the remaining day. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed before and after test foods and meal challenge. Results: Eleven participants completed the study. EE was higher in SUCROSE and MALT than NNS, but not statistically significant. Carbohydrate oxidation was SUCROSE > MALT > NNS (p < 0.001). Earlier and bigger rise in carbohydrate oxidation was observed in SUCROSE than MALT, although both were carbohydrate-matched. NNS did not promote energy expenditure, carbohydrate oxidation or stimulate appetite. Conclusions: Foods sweetened with sucrose or non-nutritive sweeteners but matched in carbohydrate content have different effects on human EE and carbohydrate oxidation. Sucralose alone did not affect EE, but lower energy in the test food from sugar replacement was eventually fully compensated. Findings from this pilot study should be verified with bigger clinical studies in the future to establish clinical relevance.

Regulating non-financial reporting: evidence from European firms’ environmental, social and governance disclosures and earnings risk

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Christohper Gan ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Earnings Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Purpose Motivated by the enactment of non-financial reporting regulations by the European Parliament, this paper aims to investigate the impact of European Union (EU) directive 2014/95/EU on the quantity of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures by the S&P Europe 350 index firms. This study also investigates whether the implementation of the non-financial information (NFI) reporting regulations influences the association between ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk. Design/methodology/approach To measure the impact of mandatory regulations on the quantity of ESG disclosures, this study estimates the average treatment effects using a propensity weighted sample. Then this study uses the difference-in-differences method to estimate the differences in the association between ESG disclosures and earning risk before and after implementation of the EU directive. Findings The results show a significant positive impact of the EU directive on the quantity of ESG disclosures for the sample European public-interest entities, which indicates that the mandatory NFI reporting requirements could boost the availability of increasingly demanded ESG related information. The enhanced association between the ESG disclosures and firms’ earnings risk during the post-directive period reveals that mandating NFI reporting also increases the quality of ESG disclosures. Originality/value Using the legitimacy and decision-usefulness theories, this study provides novel evidence concerning the impact of the EU directive on the quantity and quality of ESG disclosures.

Cash holdings, corporate performance and viability of Greek SMEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Dimitropoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Koronios ◽  
Alkis Thrassou ◽  
Demetris Vrontis
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stakeholder Relationships ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Several theories have been developed trying to explain the corporate decisions on cash holdings. Stakeholder theory is one of the arguments that urge firms with strong stakeholder relationships to hold more cash. The purpose of this paper is to shed further light on this issue by examining the impact of cash holdings on the financial performance and viability of Greek Small-Medium Enterprises before and after the Greek sovereign debt crisis. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected a large sample from Small-Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and a comparable sample from large firms operating in Greece during the period 2003–2016. Panel regression analysis was performed before and after the Greek debt crisis. Findings Results indicated that cash holdings contribute positively to the profitability and viability of firms validating the precautionary theory of cash holdings in Greece. Before the crisis, SMEs and large firms both benefited significantly by cash holdings but after the crisis that positive impact of cash is more evident and significant for SMEs. Practical implications These findings corroborate the hypotheses that during a period of limited lending (and severe financial turmoil); cash holdings (and effective cash management) could be a vital tool for sustaining SMEs’ viability and financial performance. This study offers useful managerial implications and contributes to the ongoing debate about the impact of cash holdings on corporate performance. Originality/value This is the first study in the Greek business setting trying to examine the impact of cash holdings on financial performance within stakeholder-oriented firms during a period of financial turmoil.

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