scholarly journals Colours of fruit and vegetables and 10-year incidence of CHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1562-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Oude Griep ◽  
W. M. Monique Verschuren ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Marga C. Ocké ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Incident Cases

The colours of the edible part of fruit and vegetables indicate the presence of specific micronutrients and phytochemicals. The extent to which fruit and vegetable colour groups contribute to CHD protection is unknown. We therefore examined the associations between fruit and vegetables of different colours and their subgroups and 10-year CHD incidence. We used data from a prospective population-based cohort including 20 069 men and women aged 20–65 years who were enrolled between 1993 and 1997. Participants were free of CVD at baseline and completed a validated 178-item FFQ. Hazard ratios (HR) for the association between green, orange/yellow, red/purple, white fruit and vegetables and their subgroups with CHD were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. During 10 years of follow-up, 245 incident cases of CHD were documented. For each 25 g/d increase in the intake of the sum of all four colours of fruit and vegetables, a borderline significant association with incident CHD was found (HR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·97, 1·01). No clear associations were found for the colour groups separately. However, each 25 g/d increase in the intake of deep orange fruit and vegetables was inversely associated with CHD (HR 0·74; 95 % CI 0·55, 1·00). Carrots, their largest contributor (60 %), were associated with a 32 % lower risk of CHD (HR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·98). In conclusion, though no clear associations were found for the four colour groups with CHD, a higher intake of deep orange fruit and vegetables and especially carrots may protect against CHD.

scholarly journals Visual impairment and risk of dementia in two population-based prospective cohorts: UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Littlejohns ◽  
Shabina Hayat ◽  
Robert Luben ◽  
Carol Brayne ◽  
Megan Conroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Visual impairment has emerged as a potential modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, there are a lack of large studies with objective measures of vison and with more than ten years of follow-up. We investigated whether visual impairment is associated with an increased risk of incident dementia in UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk. In both cohorts, visual acuity was measured using a “logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution” (LogMAR) chart and categorised as no (≤0.30 LogMAR), mild (>0.3 - ≤0.50 LogMAR), and moderate to severe (>0.50 LogMAR) impairment. Dementia was ascertained through linkage to electronic medical records. After restricting to those aged ≥60 years, without prevalent dementia and with eye measures available, the analytic samples consisted of 62,206 UK Biobank and 7,337 EPIC-Norfolk participants, respectively. In UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk. respectively, 1,113 and 517 participants developed dementia over 11 and 15 years of follow-up. Using multivariable cox proportional-hazards models, the hazard ratios for mild and moderate to severe visual impairment were 1.26 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.92-1.72) and 2.16 (95% CI 1.37-3.40), in UK Biobank, and 1.05 (95% CI 0.72-1.53) and 1.93 (95% CI 1.05-3.56) in EPIC-Norfolk, compared to no visual impairment. When excluding participants censored within 5 years of follow-up or with prevalent poor or fair self-reported health, the direction of the associations remained similar for moderate impairment but were not statistically significant. Our findings suggest visual impairment might be a promising target for dementia prevention, however the possibility of reverse causation cannot be excluded.

Use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and the subsequent risk of herpes zoster in older adults

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Qian ◽  
Marissa Nichole Lassere ◽  
Anita Elizabeth Heywood ◽  
Bette Liu
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Abstract Objectives To examine the association between DMARD use and subsequent risk of herpes zoster in a large, heterogeneous, and prospective population-based cohort. Methods Using data from a cohort of adults (45 and Up Study) recruited between 2006 and 2009 and linked to pharmaceutical, hospital and death data (2004–2015), the effect of DMARD use on zoster risk was analysed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities and corticosteroid use. Results Among 254 065 eligible participants, over 1,826 311 person-years follow-up, there were 6295 new DMARD users and 17 024 incident herpes zoster events. Compared with non-users, the risk of zoster was higher in those who used bDMARDs, either alone or in combination with csDMARDs than in those who only used csDMARDs (adjusted hazard ratios, aHR 2.53 [95% confidence interval, CI 2.03–3.16]) for bDMARDs vs 1.48 [95%CI 1.33–1.66] for csDMARDs, p-heterogeneity < 0.001; reference: non-users). Among users of csDMARDs, compared with non-users, zoster risks were highest in those using exclusively cyclophosphamide (aHR 2.69 [95%CI 1.89–3.83]), more moderate in those using azathioprine (aHR 1.57 [95%CI 1.07–2.30]) and hydroxychloroquine (aHR 1.43 [95%CI 1.11–1.83]) and not elevated in users of methotrexate (aHR 1.24 [95%CI 0.98–1.57]), sulfasalazine (aHR 1.00 [95%CI 0.71–1.42]) and leflunomide (aHR 0.41 [95%CI 0.06–2.88]). Conclusions The risk of zoster was high among bDMARD and cyclophosphamide users. Also, the risk was increased in those using hydroxychloroquine alone and in combination with methotrexate but not methotrexate alone. Preventative strategies such as zoster vaccination or antiviral therapies should be considered in these populations if not contraindicated.

scholarly journals Variety in fruit and vegetable consumption and 10-year incidence of CHD and stroke

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2280-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M Oude Griep ◽  
WM Monique Verschuren ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Marga C Ocké ◽  
Johanna M Geleijnse
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractObjectiveConsuming a variety of fruit and vegetables provides many different micronutrients and bioactive compounds. Whether this contributes to the beneficial association between fruit and vegetables and incident CHD and stroke is unknown.DesignProspective population-based cohort study.SettingThe Netherlands.SubjectsMen and women (n 20 069) aged 20–65 years. Participants completed a validated 178-item FFQ, including nine fruit and thirteen vegetable items. Variety in fruit and vegetables was defined as the sum of different items consumed at least once per 2 weeks over the previous year. Hazard ratios (HR) for variety in relation to incident CHD and stroke were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models additionally adjusted for quantity of fruit and vegetables.ResultsVariety and quantity in fruit and vegetables were highly correlated (r = 0·81). Variety was not associated with total energy intake (r = −0·01) and positively associated with nutrient intakes, particularly vitamin C (r = 0·70). During 10 years of follow-up, 245 cases of CHD and 233 cases of stroke occurred. Variety in vegetables (HR per 2 items = 1·05; 95 % CI 0·94, 1·17) and in fruit (HR per 2 items = 1·00; 95 % CI 0·87, 1·15) were not related to incident CHD. Variety in vegetables (HR per 2 items = 0·93; 95 % CI 0·83, 1·04) and in fruit (HR per 2 items = 1·03; 95 % CI 0·89, 1·18) were also not related to incident stroke.ConclusionsMore variety in fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with higher intakes of fruit and vegetables and micronutrients. Independently of quantity, variety in fruit and vegetables was related neither to incident CHD nor to incident stroke.

scholarly journals A prospective investigation of dietary prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer risk in the EPIC-Oxford cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Castro-Espin ◽  
Brittany Graham ◽  
Paul N. Appleby ◽  
Antonio Agudo ◽  
Timothy J. Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractIntroduction:Prebiotics are a subtype of dietary fibre selectively fermented by beneficial bacterial in the colon. Preclinical evidence has suggested that prebiotics may be associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. However, the association between dietary intake of prebiotics and colorectal cancer risk has not been investigated prospectively. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between total prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer risk. Further characterisation of the association by prebiotic sub-type (fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs)) and colorectal cancer sub-site (colon cancer and rectal cancer) were secondary objectives.Material and methods:A total of 53,700 men and women living in England and Scotland who were enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford study, were included in the analysis and followed up for incident colorectal cancers. Validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires administered at baseline were used to calculate daily fructan, GOS and total prebiotic intake. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations between prebiotic intake and risk of colorectal cancer.Results:A total of 574 incident cases of colorectal cancer were identified during a mean of 16.1 years of follow-up. Total prebiotic, fructan and GOS intake were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. The hazard ratios for those in the highest fourths of total prebiotic, fructan and GOS intake compared to those in the lowest fourths were 0.87 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.66–1.14; P for trend = 0.3), 0.91 (95% CI 0.70–1.18; P for trend = 0.4), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.66–1.15; P for trend = 0.4) respectively. The associations remained nonsignificant when colorectal cancer sub-sites were investigated separately.Discussion:The results from this observational study do not support an association between prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer risk. Given the biological plausibility of a role for prebiotics in reducing colorectal cancer risk and since the non-significant association between prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer risk observed in the current study may be due to the small number of cases and the healthy profile of the cohort, further epidemiological research is needed to characterise the association between dietary prebiotic intake and colorectal cancer incidence.

scholarly journals Dietary selenium intake and mortality in two population-based cohort studies of 133 957 Chinese men and women

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 2991-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang-Wei Sun ◽  
Xiao-Ou Shu ◽  
Hong-Lan Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the potential influence of dietary Se intake on mortality among Chinese populations.DesignWe prospectively evaluated all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality risks associated with dietary Se intake in participants of the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SWHS) and the Shanghai Men’s Health study (SMHS). Dietary Se intake was assessed by validated FFQ during in-person interviews. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI.SettingUrban city in China.SubjectsChinese adults (n 133 957).ResultsDuring an average follow-up of 13·90 years in the SWHS and 8·37 years in the SMHS, 5749 women and 4217 men died. The mean estimated dietary Se intake was 45·48 μg/d for women and 51·34 μg/d for men, respectively. Dietary Se intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in both women and men, with respective HR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile being 0·79 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·88; Ptrend<0·0001) and 0·80 (95 % CI 0·66, 0·98; Ptrend=0·0268) for women, and 0·79 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·89; Ptrend=0·0001) and 0·66 (95 % CI 0·54, 0·82; Ptrend=0·0002) for men. No significant associations were observed for cancer mortality in both women and men. Results were similar in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsDietary Se intake was inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in both sexes, but not cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Distinct eGFR trajectories are associated with risk of myocardial infarction in people with diabetes or pre-diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingting Zuo ◽  
Anxin Wang ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
Xue Tian ◽  
Shouling Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories and myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear in people with diabetes or prediabetes. We aimed to identify common eGFR trajectories in people with diabetes or prediabetes and to examine their association with MI risk. Methods The data of this analysis was derived from the Kailuan study, which was a prospective community-based cohort study. The eGFR trajectories of 24,723 participants from year 2006 to 2012 were generated by latent mixture modeling. Incident cases of MI occurred during 2012 to 2017, confirmed by review of medical records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the subsequent risk of MI of different eGFR trajectories. Results We identified 5 distinct eGFR trajectories, and named them as low-stable (9.4%), moderate-stable (31.4%), moderate-increasing (29.5%), high-decreasing (13.9%) and high-stable (15.8%) according to their range and pattern. During a mean follow-up of 4.61 years, there were a total of 235 incident MI. Although, the high-decreasing group had similar eGFR levels with the moderate-stable group at last exposure period, the risk was much higher (adjusted HR, 3.43; 95%CI, 1.56–7.54 versus adjusted HR, 2.82; 95%CI, 1.34–5.95). Notably, the moderate-increasing group had reached to the normal range, still had a significantly increased risk (adjusted HR, 2.55; 95%CI, 1.21–5.39). Conclusions eGFR trajectories were associated with MI risk in people with diabetes or prediabetes. Emphasis should be placed on early and long-term detection and control of eGFR decreases to further reduce MI risk.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the 10-year survival of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the Q-Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Tsujikawa ◽  
Shunsuke Yamada ◽  
Hiroto Hiyamuta ◽  
Masatomo Taniguchi ◽  
Kazuhiko Tsuruya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractWomen have a longer life expectancy than men in the general population. However, it has remained unclear whether this advantage is maintained in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of mortality, especially infection-related mortality, between male and female hemodialysis patients. A total of 3065 Japanese hemodialysis patients aged ≥ 18 years old were followed up for 10 years. The primary outcomes were all-cause and infection-related mortality. The associations between sex and these outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. During the median follow-up of 8.8 years, 1498 patients died of any cause, 387 of whom died of infection. Compared with men, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for all-cause and infection-related mortality in women were 0.51 (0.45–0.58, P < 0.05) and 0.36 (0.27–0.47, P < 0.05), respectively. These findings remained significant even when propensity score-matching or inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment methods were employed. Furthermore, even when the non-infection-related mortality was considered a competing risk, the infection-related mortality rate in women was still significantly lower than that in men. Regarding all-cause and infection-related deaths, women have a survival advantage compared with men among Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Predictors of 10-year hospital use in a community-dwelling population of Brazilian elderly: the Bambuí cohort study of aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s336-s344 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Macinko ◽  
Vitor Camargos ◽  
Josélia O. A. Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Male Sex

We use data from a population-based cohort of elderly Brazilians to assess predictors of hospitalizations during ten years of follow-up. Participants were 1,448 persons aged 60 years and over at baseline (1997). The outcome was self-reported number of hospitalizations per year. Slightly more than a fifth (23%) experienced no hospitalizations during the 10 year follow-up. About 30% had 1-2 events, 31% had between 3 and 7 events, and about 18% had 8 or more events during this time. Results of multivariable hurdle and Cox proportional hazards models showed that the risk of hospitalization was positively associated with male sex, increased age, chronic conditions, and visits to the doctors in the previous 12 months. Underweight was a predictor of any hospitalization, while obesity was an inconsistent predictor of hospitalization.

scholarly journals Body mass index, sitting time, and risk of Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (16) ◽  
pp. e1413-e1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Roos ◽  
Alessandra Grotta ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
Rino Bellocco ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Incident Cases

ObjectiveCauses of Parkinson disease are largely unknown, but recent evidence suggests associations with physical activity and anthropometric measures.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed a cohort of 41,638 Swedish men and women by detailed assessment of lifestyle factors at baseline in 1997. Complete follow-up until 2010 was achieved through linkage to population-based registers. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe identified 286 incident cases of Parkinson disease during follow-up. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were 1.06 (95% CI 0.76–1.47) for sitting time ≥6 vs <6 hours per day; and 1.13 (95% CI 0.60–2.12) for body mass index ≥30 vs <25 kg/m2. Results did not differ by sex.ConclusionsNo association between prolonged sitting time per day or obesity and risk of Parkinson disease was found.

scholarly journals Mortality Among Male Cigar and Cigarette Smokers in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Rodu ◽  
Nantaporn Plurphanswat
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Cigar Smoking

Abstract Background. Cigars and cigarettes are both smoked, but much less is known about the former’s long-term health effects, due to its low prevalence and infrequent collection of cigar information in national surveys. Purpose. We conducted a follow-up mortality study of cigar-smoking men age 40-79 years in National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). We utilized Methods. We used pooled NHIS files linked to the National Death Index to obtain follow-up from year of interview to year of death or December 31, 2015. We developed categories of cigarette and cigar smoking that accommodate dual and former use of both products. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income, health status, body mass index, and region to estimate hazard ratios (HRs, 95% confidence intervals, CI) for mortality from all causes, heart diseases, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases and two mutually exclusive categories: smoking-related and other diseases.Results. There were 14,628 deaths from all causes, including 3,420 never tobacco users, 3,266 exclusive smokers, and 176 exclusive cigar users. The latter had significantly increased mortality only from chronic lower respiratory diseases (HR = 2.60, CI = 1.04 – 6.50), which was based on 6 deaths. We found no statistically significant evidence among exclusive cigar smokers of increased mortality from any other cause.Conclusions. This study provides evidence that male cigar smokers had elevated mortality risks. However, after accounting for cigarette smoking, we found significantly increased mortality only for chronic lower respiratory diseases.

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