scholarly journals North–south gradients in plasma concentrations of B-vitamins and other components of one-carbon metabolism in Western Europe: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone J. P. M. Eussen ◽  
Roy M. Nilsen ◽  
Øivind Midttun ◽  
Steinar Hustad ◽  
Noortje IJssennagger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
European Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Different lifestyle patterns across Europe may influence plasma concentrations of B-vitamins and one-carbon metabolites and their relation to chronic disease. Comparison of published data on one-carbon metabolites in Western European regions is difficult due to differences in sampling procedures and analytical methods between studies. The present study aimed, to compare plasma concentrations of one-carbon metabolites in Western European regions with one laboratory performing all biochemical analyses. We performed the present study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort among 5446 presumptively healthy individuals. Quantile regression was used to compare sex-specific median concentrations between Northern (Denmark and Sweden), Central (France, Germany, The Netherlands and United Kingdom) and Southern (Greece, Spain and Italy) European regions. The lowest folate concentrations were observed in Northern Europe (men, 10·4 nmol/l; women, 10·7 nmol/l) and highest concentrations in Central Europe. Cobalamin concentrations were slightly higher in Northern Europe (men, 330 pmol/l; women, 352 pmol/l) compared with Central and Southern Europe, but did not show a clear north–south gradient. Vitamin B2 concentrations were highest in Northern Europe (men, 22·2 nmol/l; women, 26·0 nmol/l) and decreased towards Southern Europe (Ptrend< 0·001). Vitamin B6 concentrations were highest in Central Europe in men (77·3 nmol/l) and highest in the North among women (70·4 nmol/l), with decreasing concentrations towards Southern Europe in women (Ptrend< 0·001). In men, concentrations of serine, glycine and sarcosine increased from the north to south. In women, sarcosine increased from Northern to Southern Europe. These findings may provide relevant information for the study of regional differences of chronic disease incidence in association with lifestyle.

scholarly journals WHEN CLOSE TIES LIVE FAR AWAY: PATTERNS AND PREDICTORS OF GEOGRAPHIC NETWORK RANGE AMONG OLDER EUROPEANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S755-S755
Author(s):  
Haosen Sun ◽  
Markus H Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Older Europeans

Abstract Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, Wave 6 in 2015), this paper examines the structure of older adults’ core discussion networks in terms of their geographical outreach. We also examine how far respondents live from their friends, and how such a connection is conditioned by the presence of a proximate child in the network. Findings suggest that older adults in Northern Europe are more likely to have a confidant at mid- and long-range (5-25km and &gt;25km, respectively) than seniors in Central Europe, while their counterparts from Eastern and Southern Europe are less likely to identify a discussant out of their 5km radius. This pattern persists when focusing only on non-kin members of one’s network. However, having a nearby child confidant does not affect the probability of being connected to friends at variant distances in North Europe, while it does predict a lower likelihood of having close-by (0-5km) and long-distance (&gt;25km) friends in Eastern and Southern regions. Other significant predictors of one’s geographical network reach, such as education, financial standing, cognitive ability, computer skills, and car ownership are also discussed and compared across European regions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for New Construction 2009 Certified Projects in Finland, Sweden, Turkey, and Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pushkar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
European Regions ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Difference

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is currently intensively applied in several European countries. The aims of the present study were to compare the difference between (i) two countries from the same region (i.e., Finland vs. Sweden or Turkey vs. Spain) and (ii) two European regions (northern Europe [Finland and Sweden] vs. [Turkey and Spain]) when the LEED- New Construction (NC) 2009 Certified rating level certified projects were analyzed. We found that, in the northern and southern parts of Europe, LEED- NC 2009 credit achievements in terms of Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), Materials and Resources (MR), and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were similar, whereas credit achievements in Energy and Atmosphere (EA) were different. High achievements were revealed in WE and SS, with values of 80–100% and 70–75%, respectively; intermediate achievements were revealed in EQ, with values of 40–60%; and low achievements were revealed in MR (20–40%). EA achievements were intermediate (60–65%) in northern Europe, while they were low in southern Europe (40%). This evidence can help recognize the categories that are performed with a high number of points and those that are performed with a low number of points.

scholarly journals B-vitamins, homocysteine metabolism and CVD

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Strain ◽  
L. Dowey ◽  
M. Ward ◽  
K. Pentieva ◽  
H. McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism

The present review focuses on the B-vitamins, i.e. folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6and riboflavin, that are involved in homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine is a S-containing amino acid and its plasma concentrations can be raised by various constitutive, genetic and lifestyle factors, by inadequate nutrient status and as a result of systemic disease and various drugs. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is a modest independent predictor of CVD and stroke, but causality and the precise pathophysiological mechanism(s) of homocysteine action remain unproven. The predominant nutritional cause of raised plasma homocysteine in most healthy populations is folate insufficiency. Vitamin B12and, to a lesser extent, vitamin B6are also effective at lowering plasma homocysteine, especially after homocysteine lowering by folic acid in those individuals presenting with raised plasma homocysteine. However, riboflavin supplementation appears to be effective at lowering plasma homocysteine only in those individuals homozygous for the T allele of the C677 T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. This gene codes for the MTHFR enzyme that produces methyltetrahydrofolate, which, in turn, is a substrate for the remethylation of homocysteine by the vitamin B12-dependent enzyme methionine synthase. Individuals with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype are genetically predisposed to elevated plasma homocysteine, and in most populations have a markedly higher risk of CVD.

Some Littoral Sites of Early Post-Glacial Times Located in North Ireland

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. T. Burchell
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The One ◽  
Culture Sequence

In 1931 I described two newly-discovered stone age industries of post-glacial age situated in north-east Ireland which had been made by myself and worked in conjunction with my friend C. Blake Whelan: the one from the Lower Estuarine Clay on Islandmagee, and the other from what is probably a fluviatile gravel intercalated between the Upper and Lower Estuarine Clays in the raised-beach formation at Cushendun.The former of these cultures has its counterpart in the blade industry beneath alluvium in the Orwell Estuary at Ipswich, Suffolk; whilst the latter finds its parallel in the raised-beach at Campbeltown in Argyllshire, Scotland. Adopting the familiar culture-sequence of Central Europe I had previously designated these two groups as phases of the Magdalenian period, but, in order to avoid confusion between the time-periods and the nomenclature of continental cultures, I have decided to base my chronology of the north Irish industries upon the natural changes of climate revealed by a study of the deposits in which they were found. The industries to be described below were contemporary with the Mesolithic Forest Cultures distinguished by Childe and Clark over the plain of northern Europe.

scholarly journals WEAPONS MADE FROM METAL, STONE AND BONE FROM THE CHEKON SETTLEMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
С. Н. Кореневский ◽  
А. И. Юдин
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The North ◽  
Krasnodar Region

В статье рассматриваются новые находки предметов вооружения бронзы, камня и кости на поселении Чекон Анапского района Краснодарского края. Они все найдены в ямах культурного слоя памятника и датируются второй половиной IV - началом III тыс. до н. э. Особо примечателен бронзовый топор. Он относится к группе 2.2 майкопско-новосвободненской общности. Каменные топоры представлены обломками орудий и явно связаны с местным производством. Находки каменных топоров на поселениях майкопско-новосвободненской общности -большая редкость. По особенностям формы находки с поселения Чекон относятся к топорам с округлым каплевидным обухом (Rundnackenaxte - по номенклатуре топоров Центральной Европы) и двулезвийным (Doppelaxte). Топоры с округлым обухом имеют аналогии среди каменных орудий Южного Кавказа, но более среди топоров Центральной и Северной Европы. Возникает вопрос - как такая форма оружия попала в Причерноморскую зону к племенам майкопско-новосвободненской общности. Многочисленные находки подобных орудий на поселении Чекон отражают интенсивные военные действия на этом локальном участке на позднем этапе и в конце существования майкопско-новосвободненской общности. The paper discusses new finds of weapons made of bronze, stone and bone retrieved from the Chekon settlement in the Anapa district, Krasnodar region. All weapon items were discovered in the pits of the occupation layer; they date to the second half of the IV - early III mill. BC. The bronze axe is particularly noteworthy. It is attributed to group 2.2 of the Maykop-Novosvobodnaya culture. Stone axes have been preserved in fragments and are clearly linked to local production. Stone axes are rare finds at the Maykop-Novosvobodnaya settlements. Regarding the distinctive features of the shape, the Chekon axes are referred to the axes with a round dropshaped butt (Rundnackenaxte according to the classification of axes in Central Europe) and two-bladed axes (Doppelaxte). Axes with a round drop-shaped butt have analogies among stone weapons of the South Caucasus, but more frequently, among axes of Central and Northern Europe. These analogies pose the problem of how such a form of weapons ended up at the sites of the North Pontic region of the Maykop-Novosvobodnaya community. Numerous finds of similar weapons at Chekon reflect intensive military operations in this locality during the late stage and the final stage of Maykop-Novosvobodnaya community.

The Classification of the Ordovician Rocks

1937 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Elles
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic

The classification of the British Ordovician Rocks has gone through many phases of instability in the past, and at the present time seems to be passing through another such phase. There are probably many causes contributing to this state of things, two of which seem to be fundamental; the first, the differentfacies of development exhibited in different districts by the formations making up the system; the second, the varied elements entering into the composition of the shallow water faunas apart from the considerations of facies; these would seem to be governed largely by possibilities of migration into the British region of the Lower Palaeozoic geosyncline from different directions, i.e. from America, from Northern Europe, and from Central Europe, so that a different type of “shelly” fauna characterizes the north-west and south-east margins.

Survival of Myeloid Malignancies in EUROPE: Results of the HAEMACARE Project.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3911-3911
Author(s):  
Marc Maynadié ◽  
Roberta De Angelis ◽  
Claudia Allemani ◽  
Riccardo Capocaccia ◽  
Jean Michel Lutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Myeloid Malignancies

Abstract Abstract 3911 Poster Board III-847 Background Updated ICD-O and WHO classifications of Haematological Malignancies (HMs) take into account cell lineage, genotype, morphological aspects, immuno-histochemical and genetic characteristics, and clinical behaviour of the disease, dividing Lymphoid and Myeloid neoplasms in subcategories with possible similar aetiology or prognosis. Thus, good quality of morphological data on HMs is capital. The HAEMACARE project aimed to increase standardization and the availability of Cancer Registries (CRs) morphological data on HMs, in order to improve comparability of incidence, survival and prevalence across Europe. This study aims to present the HAEMACARE main results on survival of Myeloid Malignancies in Europe, by morphological subgroups, sex and geographical area. Materials and Methods We included 59,499 cases of Myeloid Malignancies occurred in the adult population (≥15 years old), both sexes, in 45 CRs from 16 European countries, over the period 1995-2002. CRs were grouped in 5 geographical areas: Northern Europe (Iceland, Norway, Sweden); Central Europe (Austria, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland); Southern Europe (Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Spain); Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Poland); UK & Ireland. Morphological ICD-O-3 codes were grouped in 5 large categories: Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML); Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN); Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MDS/MPN) and NOS cases in which were grouped AL of ambiguous lineage (9805/3), Myeloid Leukemia (9860/3), Acute Leukemia (9801/3) and Leukemia (9800/3). Time trends of NOS cases incidence were computed in order to check the quality and completeness of data. Relative survival was calculated using the SEER free software. Results Among the 59,499 myeloid malignancies cases, they were 21,276 AML (38.4%), 20,049 MPN (35.5%), 8,480 MDS (14.2%) and 1,764 MDS/MPN (2.9%). 29,651 cases (52.6%) were diagnosed in male and 26,848 in female (47.4%). The geographical distribution of cases was not equivalent across Europe: 47.8% of the cases were from UK & Ireland, 14% from Central Europe, 2.4% from Eastern Europe, 17.4% from Northern Europe and 18.4% from Southern Europe. This figure was the same for all categories. They were 48.4% of AML and 49.6% of MPN up to 70 years-old instead of what this category represent 75.7% of MDS and 76.6% of MDS/MPN. Relative survival was evaluated by entity according to WHO classification, by area for main groups and morphology codes, by sex, by age and by period of time. Conclusion From Eurocare database, survival data are usually produced for large categories in which myeloid disease are not always identified. Within the HAEMACARE project we applied the WHO classification rules to identify cases and group them in a meaningful way. This allowed us to provided survival data from the largest series of myeloid malignancies from European countries. This study was presented on behalf the HAEMACARE working group; Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The Role of Samalas Mega Volcanic Eruption in European Summer Hydroclimate Change

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Liang Ning ◽  
Weiyi Sun ◽  
Mi Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The South ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The North

In this study, the role of AD 1258 Samalas mega volcanic eruption in the summer hydroclimate change over Europe and the corresponding mechanisms are investigated through multi-member ensemble climate simulation experiments based on the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The results show that the CESM simulations are consistent with the reconstructed Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the historical records of European climate. Europe experiences significant summer cooling in the first three years after the Samalas mega volcanic eruption, peaking at −3.61 °C, −4.02 °C, and −3.21 °C in year 1 over the whole Europe, Southern Europe, and Northern Europe, respectively. The summer surface air temperature (SAT, °C) changes over the European continent are mainly due to the direct weakening of shortwave solar radiation induced by volcanic aerosol. The summer precipitation over the European continent shows an obvious dipole distribution characteristic of north-south reverse phase. The precipitation increases up to 0.42 mm/d in year 1 over Southern Europe, while it decreases by −0.28 mm/d in year 1 over Northern Europe, respectively. Both simulations and reconstructions show that the centers with the strongest increase in precipitation have always been located in the Balkans and Apennine peninsulas along the Mediterranean coast over Southern Europe, and the centers with the strongest precipitation reduction are mainly located in the British Isles and Scandinavia over northwestern Europe. The negative response of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) with significant positive sea level pressure (SLP) anomaly in the north and negative SLP anomaly in the south is excited in summer. The low tropospheric wind anomaly caused by the negative phase of NAO in summer affects the water vapor transport to Europe, resulting in the distribution pattern of summer precipitation in Europe, which is drying in the north and wetting in the south. The knowledge gained from this study is crucial to better understand and predict the potential impacts of single mega volcanic eruption on the future summer hydroclimate change in Europe.

scholarly journals Taxonomy and identification of Elachista cingillella (Herrich- Schäffer, 1855) and its close relatives (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae), with descriptions of two new species

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Jari Junnilainen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Close Relatives

The Elachista cingillella complex is defined and diagnosed. The identity of E. cingillella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) is clarified, and E. densicornella Hodgkinson, 1879 is confirmed to be a junior synonym of it. Redescriptions are given for the closely related, little known or misunderstood species E. fasciola Parenti, 1983 and E. nedaella Traugott-Olsen, 1985. Elachista metella Kaila sp. n. is described from Croatia and E. sutteri Kaila sp. n. from Samos, Greece. E. cingillella is a rarely found species distributed in central and northern Europe. All checked records of it from the Mediterranean region are based on misidentified specimens of E. metella sp. n., which is widely distributed in southern Europe and southern parts of central Europe. E. fasciola Parenti is distributed from Eastern Europe to Japan. E. nedaella Traugott-Olsen is only known from Crete, E. sutteri sp. n. from eastern Greece.

North-South Differences in some Indices of Vitamin B6 Nutritional Status in Older British People

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentieva ◽  
Bates ◽  
Prentice ◽  
Cole
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Older People ◽  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
Explanatory Factors

The National Diet and Nutrition Survey, nationally representative for the British population aged 65 years and over, has revealed a north-south geographical gradient, with a decline from south to north of vitamin B6 status indices. The present study further explores the possible explanatory factors (dietary intake of vitamin B6 and riboflavin, alcohol consumption, smoking habits and some other lifestyle determinants) on the difference of vitamin B6 indices – plasma concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate (pPLP) and pyridoxic acid (pPA), between older people living in the north (Scotland, North of England) and the south (Southern England, Wales and Midlands). The results showed that older people living in the northern half of Britain are at greater risk of poor vitamin B6 status, mainly as a result of low intakes of this vitamin, than the people living in the southern half of the country. Riboflavin intake, alcohol consumption, smoking and socio-economic status also correlated with the north-south gradient of pPLP and pPA. Other potential determinants such as use of vitamin B6 supplements, medicines probably affecting vitamin B6 metabolism, were not independent correlates of the north-south gradient in vitamin B6 status indices. This may have important implications for disease-risk geographical gradients in the UK.

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