scholarly journals Estimation of dietary flavonoid intake and major food sources of Korean adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Jun ◽  
Sangah Shin ◽  
Hyojee Joung
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Composition Table ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractEpidemiological studies have suggested that flavonoids exhibit preventive effects on degenerative diseases. However, lack of sufficient data on flavonoid intake has limited evaluating the proposed effects in populations. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the total and individual flavonoid intakes among Korean adults and determine the major dietary sources of these flavonoids. We constructed a flavonoid database of common Korean foods, based on the food list reported in the 24-h recall of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007–2012, using data from the Korea Functional Food Composition Table, US Department of Agriculture flavonoid database, Phenol-Explorer database and other analytical studies. This database, which covers 49 % of food items and 76 % of food intake, was linked with the 24-h recall data of 33 581 subjects aged ≥19 years in the KNHANES 2007–2012. The mean daily intake of total flavonoids in Korean adults was 318·0 mg/d, from proanthocyanidins (22·3 %), flavonols (20·3 %), isoflavones (18·1 %), flavan-3-ols (16·2 %), anthocyanidins (11·6 %), flavanones (11·3 %) and flavones (0·3 %). The major contributing food groups to the flavonoid intake were fruits (54·4 %), vegetables (20·5 %), legumes and legume products (16·2 %) and beverages and alcohols (3·1 %), and the major contributing food items were apples (21·9 %), mandarins (12·5 %), tofu (11·5 %), onions (9·6 %) and grapes (9·0 %). In the regression analysis, the consumption of legumes and legume products, vegetables and fruits predicted total flavonoid intake the most. The findings of this study could facilitate further investigation on the health benefits of flavonoids and provide the basic information for establishing recommended flavonoid intakes for Koreans.

scholarly journals Iron Content of Some Popular Cooked Foods Consumed by the Rural School Children in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. Ruwani G. Perera ◽  
Dilantha Gunawardana ◽  
Renuka Jayatissa ◽  
A. Buddhika G. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Composition Table

Iron is an important micronutrient that can be found in different food sources in varying quantities. Iron deficiency is common in populations consuming cereal-based diets with little or no animal-derived food products. Rice is the staple for Sri Lankans, which may not provide sufficient bioavailable iron. Sri Lankan food composition table does not contain data on iron in home-cooked foods. Aim of the present study was to determine the iron content in commonly consumed home-cooked foods (rice, vegetables, green leaves, pulses, fish, etc.) by children aged 15-16 years. The study was carried out in eight schools at the Divisional Secretariat, Horana. The average iron values of cooked rice, vegetables, green leaves, pulses, and fish were 23.29 ± 14.46, 19.34 ± 9.90, 29.56 ± 13.64, 45.16 ± 22.28, and 46.72 ± 14.53 mg/kg, respectively. A serving of cooked red raw rice (rathu kekulu) provided the highest Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of iron. The total EDI per serving for all categories was 6.39 ± 1.06 mg, contributing to the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 42.62% of girls and 58.12% of boys as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture. Meanwhile, based on the Sri Lankan RDA, dietary iron contribution per serving ranges from 16.39% to 17.76% in girls and 16.39% to 21.31% in boys in the 15-16 years age category. Therefore, these home-cooked foods which were prepared using local recipes have high iron content and can replenish a major proportion of recommended quotidian values for iron intake.

Risk Assessment of Sulphite Exposure through Foods Among Adolescents of Delhi (India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-693
Author(s):  
Arushi Jain ◽  
Pulkit Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Permissible Levels

Background: Sulphites added as preservatives in food have been associated with adverse health effects in humans. Objective: The present study was designed with an objective of assessing the risk of sulphite exposure through food in adolescents (12-16 years old) of Delhi, India. Methods: A total of 1030 adolescents selected from four private and four government schools of Delhi, were asked to record their food intake using a 24 hour food record, repeated on three days, for assessing exposure to sulphites. The risk was assessed using six different scenarios of exposure. Results: The actual intake for sulphites for average consumers was 0.15 ± 0.13 mg / kg b.w. / day which was 21.4% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). For high consumers (P95), it was 65% of the ADI. However, for 2 respondents, the actual intake exceeded the ADI. The major food contributors to sulphite intake were beverage concentrates (46%), ready to serve beverages (22%) followed by miscellaneous food items (16%), mainly ice creams and snowballs. Estimation of sulphite intake using different exposure scenarios revealed that for certain scenarios where the highest reported sulphite level or maximum permissible levels were considered for calculation, the high consumers exceeded the ADI, though, for average consumers, intake was well below the ADI. Conclusion: Actual intake of sulphite for average consumers was well below the ADI but for high consumers was approaching the ADI. People with sulphite sensitivity need to be aware of hidden food sources of sulphites.

Pesticides, Selected Elements, and Other Chemicals in Adult Total Diet Samples, October 1978-September 1979

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia J Gartrell ◽  
John C Craun ◽  
David S Podrebarac ◽  
Ellis L Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Calculated Average

Abstract The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducts Total Diet Studies to determine the dietary intake of selected pesticides, industrial chemicals, and elements (including radionuclides). These studies involve the retail purchase and analysis of foods representative of the diets of infants, toddlers, and adults. The individual food items are separated into a number of food groups, each of which is analyzed as a composite. This report summarizes the results for adult Total Diet samples collected in 20 cities between October 1978 and September 1979. The average concentration, range of concentrations, and calculated average daily intake of each chemical found are presented by food group. The average daily intakes of the chemicals are similar to those found in the several preceding years and are within acceptable limits. The results for samples collected during the same period that represent the diets of infants and toddlers are reported separately.

scholarly journals Dietary Flavonoids as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: An Updated Review of Human Studies

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Rodríguez-García ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Quesada ◽  
José J. Gaforio
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
Dietary Flavonoid ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Over the past few years, interest in health research has increased, making improved health a global goal for 2030. The purpose of such research is to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing across individuals of all ages. It has been shown that nutrition plays a key role in the prevention of some chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. One of the aspects that characterises a healthy diet is a high intake of vegetables and fruits, as both are flavonoid-rich foods. Flavonoids are one of the main subclasses of dietary polyphenols and possess strong antioxidant activity and anti-carcinogenic properties. Moreover, some population-based studies have described a relationship between cancer risk and dietary flavonoid intake. In this context, the goal of this review was to provide an updated evaluation of the association between the risk of different types of cancers and dietary flavonoid intake. We analysed all relevant epidemiological studies from January 2008 to March 2019 using the PUBMED and Web of Science databases. In summary, this review concludes that dietary flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of different types of cancer, such as gastric, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.

scholarly journals FODMAP Intake in Spanish Population: Open Approach for Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5882
Author(s):  
Jonatan Miranda ◽  
Maialen Vázquez-Polo ◽  
Gesala Pérez-Junkera ◽  
María del Pilar Fernández-Gil ◽  
María Ángeles Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols’ (FODMAP) were related with intestinal complications. The present study aimed to determine the FODMAP consumption of Spanish children, adolescents and adults, analyzing the real FODMAP risk of foods, and to set an open methodology for the measurement of this intake in other regions as well as nutrient intake assurance. Total fructan analysis was performed analytically in eighty-seven food samples. Daily intake of FODMAPs, fiber and micronutrients was calculated by combining the food composition for selected fermentable carbohydrates with the national food consumption stratified by age in an open software. Spanish child and adolescent total FODMAP consumption was settled as 33.4 ± 92.4 and 27.3 ± 69.0 g/day, respectively. Both intakes were higher than that of the adult population (21.4 ± 56.7 g/day). The most important food sources of lactose, excess of fructose and total fructan, considering their content and dietary intake were different between age groups. The contribution of these foods to dietary calcium and fiber and the consequent risk of deficiency if they are withdrawn was highlighted. We demonstrated the relevance of stratifying the total FODMAP intake by age. An open approach for FODMAP intake quantification and nutrient control was provided.

scholarly journals Application of the British Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system in a French food composition database

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1699-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Caroline Méjean ◽  
Léopold Fezeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Nutrient Profiling ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Multiple Category ◽  
Composition Table

Nutrient profiling systems are powerful tools for public health initiatives, as they aim at categorising foods according to their nutritional quality. The British Food Standards Agency (FSA) nutrient profiling system (FSA score) has been validated in a British food database, but the application of the model in other contexts has not yet been evaluated. The objective of the present study was to assess the application of the British FSA score in a French food composition database. Foods from the French NutriNet-Santé study food composition table were categorised according to their FSA score using the Office of Communication (OfCom) cut-off value (‘healthier’ ≤ 4 for foods and ≤ 1 for beverages; ‘less healthy’ >4 for foods and >1 for beverages) and distribution cut-offs (quintiles for foods, quartiles for beverages). Foods were also categorised according to the food groups used for the French Programme National Nutrition Santé (PNNS) recommendations. Foods were weighted according to their relative consumption in a sample drawn from the NutriNet-Santé study (n 4225), representative of the French population. Classification of foods according to the OfCom cut-offs was consistent with food groups described in the PNNS: 97·8 % of fruit and vegetables, 90·4 % of cereals and potatoes and only 3·8 % of sugary snacks were considered as ‘healthier’. Moreover, variability in the FSA score allowed for a discrimination between subcategories in the same food group, confirming the possibility of using the FSA score as a multiple category system, for example as a basis for front-of-pack nutrition labelling. Application of the FSA score in the French context would adequately complement current public health recommendations.

scholarly journals Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels in Irish postmenopausal women

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Collins ◽  
Kevin D. Cashman ◽  
Máiréad Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
The Uk

Low phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes have been associated with low bone mineral density in older adults. Phylloquinone intakes and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels were assessed in ninety-seven apparently healthy, free-living Irish women aged 50–75 years. Phylloquinone intakes were estimated using a detailed dietary history, which measured habitual food intakes from a typical 14 d period, and recently published food composition data for phylloquinone. Fasting serum ucOC was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. The median daily intake of phylloquinone in the group from all sources was 108·8 mg and from food sources only was 106·6 mg, indicating that approximately 99% of the phylloquinone came from food. Vegetables and vegetable dishes contributed 67% of the total phylloquinone intake, but further analysis showed that broccoli, cabbage and lettuce were the primary sources, making a total contribution of 44 %. Twenty per cent of the women had a phylloquinone intake below the UK recommendation of 1μg/kg body weight per day and 34% failed to meet the US Adequate Intake value of 90mg/day. Mean serum ucOC levels in the women were 6·2 (SD 1·7) ng/ml and were predicted by phylloquinone intake (β— 22·20, generated from log-transformed phylloquinone intake data; P=4 0·04). On the basis of comparisons with both UK recommendations and US A equate Intakes for phylloquinone, the habitual intakes of phylloquinone in a high proportion of Irish postmenopausal women may not be adequate.

scholarly journals Intake and food sources of nitrites and N-nitrosodimethylamine in Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Jakszyn ◽  
Antonio Agudo ◽  
Antonio Berenguer ◽  
Raquel Ibáñez ◽  
Pilar Amiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a comprehensive assessment of dietary intakes of nitrites and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).Subjects and settingA study was conducted within the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation in Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) to assess the intake and food sources of these compounds in Spanish adults. The study included 41 446 health volunteers, aged 29–69 years, from Northern and Southern regions. Usual food intake was estimated by in-person interviews using a computerised dietary questionnaire.ResultsThe estimated geometric mean was 0.994 mg day−1 for nitrites and 0.114 μg day−1 for NDMA. For both compounds a positive trend in consumption with increasing energy intake was observed. Dietary NDMA was related to age and sex after energy adjustment, while nitrite consumption increased with higher intakes of vitamin C (P < 0.001). The food groups that contributed most to intakes were meat products, cereals, vegetables and fruits for nitrites, and processed meat, beer, cheese and broiled fish for NDMA. Current and past smokers, who had high levels of NDMA from tobacco exposure, were also identified as the highest consumers of dietary NDMA. Furthermore, smokers had low intakes of vitamin C (an inhibitor of endogenous nitrosation).ConclusionsIntake levels of NDMA and nitrites in a Mediterranean cohort are currently relatively lower than those previously reported, although processed meat, beer and cured cheese still are the most important contributors to NDMA intake.

scholarly journals Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intakes and food sources in 18–64-year-old Irish adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duggan ◽  
Kevin D. Cashman ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
Caroline Bolton-Smith ◽  
Máiréad Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
The North

AbstractDietary vitamin K1(phylloquinone) levels that are sufficient to maintain normal blood coagulation may be sub-optimal for bone, and habitual low dietary intakes of vitamin K may have an adverse effect on bone health. The objective of the present study was to measure the intake and adequacy of phylloquinone intake and the contribution of foods to phylloquinone intake in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey database was used, which contains data collected using a 7 d food diary in a randomly selected sample of Irish adults aged 18–64 years (n1379; 662 men and 717 women). Phylloquinone intakes were estimated using recently compiled food composition data for phylloquinone. The mean daily intake of phylloquinone from food sources was 79 (sd 44) μg. Intakes were significantly higher (P>0·001) in men than in women at levels of 84 and 75quest;μgsol;d. The main contributors to phylloquinone intakes were vegetables (48%), particularly green vegetables (26%). Potatoes (including chipped and fried potatoes), dairy products and fat spreads contributed 10% each and meat contributed 8%. In men, social class and smoking status influenced phylloquinone intakes. Of the population, 52% had phylloquinone intakes below 1 μg/kg body weight and only 17% of men and 27% of women met the US adequate intakes of 120 and 90 μg/d, respectively. The present study shows that habitual phylloquinone intakes in Irish adults are low, which may have implications for bone health.

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