scholarly journals Glucose- and glycaemic factor-lowering effects of probiotics on diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Nicholas J. Buys
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Evidence Database ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractThis meta-analysis examined the effect of probiotics on glucose and glycaemic factors in diabetes and its associated risk factors. All randomised-controlled trials published in English in multiple databases from January 2000 to June 2015 were systematically searched. Only studies that addressed glucose- and glycaemic-related factors as outcome variables were included. The main outcomes of interest in trials were mean changes in glucose, HbA1c, insulin and homoeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale to assess the quality of studies, a total of eleven studies with 614 subjects were included. The pooled mean difference and effect size with a 95 % CI were extracted using a random-effect model. It was found that there are statistically significant pooled mean differences between the probiotics and the placebo-controlled groups on the reduction of glucose (−0·52 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·92, −0·11 mmol/l; P=0·01) and HbA1c (−0·32 %, 95 % CI −0·57, −0·07 %; P=0·01). There was no statistically significant pooled mean difference between the probiotics and the placebo-controlled groups on the reduction of insulin (−0·48 µIU/ml, 95 % CI −1·34, 0·38 µIU/ml; P=0·27) and HOMA-IR (pooled effect of –0·44, 95 % CI −1·57, 0·70; P=0·45). Meta-regression analysis identified that probiotics had significant effects on reduction of glucose, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA-IR in participants with diabetes, but not in participants with other risk factors. The present meta-analysis suggested that probiotics may be used as an important dietary supplement in reducing the glucose metabolic factors associated with diabetes.

Environmental Iodine Content, Female Sex and Age Are Associated with New-Onset Amiodarone-Induced Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Adverse Reactions of Amiodarone on the Thyroid

Cardiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhong ◽  
Yazhu Wang ◽  
Guo Zhang ◽  
Zhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
New Onset

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of new-onset amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (AIH) and the associated risk factors. Methods: We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the Chinese database from 1995 to 2015. Studies that investigated amiodarone-related adverse reactions on the thyroid were included. A random-effect model was used for the meta-analysis to investigate the incidence rate of AIH and associated risk factors. Results: We identified 465 studies, of which data from 9 studies were included, comprising 1,972 patients. The incidence of AIH was 14.0% (95% confidence interval, CI, 8.7-21.7%) as a whole; it was higher in areas with a high than a low iodine content in the environment (20.3 vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001); subgroup analysis showed that AIH occurred in 19.2% (95% CI 10.2-33.1%) of women and 13.3% (95% CI 7.9-21.7%) of men (p < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis indicated a positive correlation with the mean age and percentage of women. Conclusions: The occurrence of AIH is a relatively frequent complication of amiodarone, and older women are more likely to develop AIH, especially in areas with a high iodine content in the environment, and restriction of total exposure to iodine might decrease the incidence of AIH.

The Effects of Folate Supplementation on Diabetes Biomarkers Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Akbari ◽  
Reza Tabrizi ◽  
Kamran B. Lankarani ◽  
Seyed Taghi Heydari ◽  
Maryam Karamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Folate Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Controlled

AbstractAlthough several studies have evaluated the effect of folate supplementation on diabetes biomarkers among patients with metabolic diseases, findings are inconsistent. This review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize the evidence on the effects of folate supplementation on diabetes biomarkers among patients with metabolic diseases. Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 1 September 2017 were searched. Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias of included studies. Heterogeneity was measured with a Q-test and with I2 statistics. Data were pooled by using the fix or random-effect model based on the heterogeneity test results and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 763 participants were included in the final analysis. The current meta-analysis showed folate supplementation among patients with metabolic diseases significantly decreased insulin (SMD –1.28; 95% CI, –1.99, –0.56) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD –1.28; 95% CI, –1.99, –0.56). However, folate supplementation did not affect fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD –0.30; 95% CI, –0.63, 0.02) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (SMD –0.29; 95% CI, –0.61, 0.03). The results of this meta-analysis study demonstrated that folate supplementation may result in significant decreases in insulin levels and HOMA-IR score, but does not affect FPG and HbA1c levels among patients with metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Dengue Virus Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Gaspary O. Mwanyika ◽  
Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽  
Sima Rugarabamu ◽  
Baraka Ngingo ◽  
Calvin Sindato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Dengue contributes a significant burden on global public health and economies. In Africa, the burden of dengue virus (DENV) infection is not well described. This review was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dengue and associated risk factors. A literature search was done on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to identify articles published between 1960 and 2020. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model at a 95% confidence interval, followed by subgroup meta-analysis to determine the overall prevalence. Between 1960 and 2020, 45 outbreaks were identified, of which 17 and 16 occurred in East and West Africa, respectively. Dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) and DENV-2 were the dominant serotypes contributing to 60% of the epidemics. Of 2211 cases reported between 2009 and 2020; 1954 (88.4%) were reported during outbreaks. Overall, the prevalence of dengue was 29% (95% CI: 20–39%) and 3% (95% CI: 1–5%) during the outbreak and non-outbreak periods, respectively. Old age (6/21 studies), lack of mosquito control (6/21), urban residence (4/21), climate change (3/21), and recent history of travel (3/21) were the leading risk factors. This review reports a high burden of dengue and increased risk of severe disease in Africa. Our findings provide useful information for clinical practice and health policy decisions to implement effective interventions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in Chinese children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Guo ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Xinyang Zhao ◽  
Liyan Shen ◽  
Xuemei Zhen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Antibiotic Utilization ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health globally. Irrational utilization of antibiotics being one of the main reasons of antibiotic resistant. Children as a special group, there's more chance of getting infected. Although most of the infection is viral in etiology, antibiotics still are the most frequently prescribed medications for children. Therefore, high use of antibiotics among children raises concern about the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing. This systematic review aims to measuring prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in children in China. Methods English and Chinese databases were searched to identify relevant studies evaluating the prevalence and risk factors for antibiotic utilization in Chinese children (0-18 years), which were published between 2010 and July 2020. A Meta-analysis of prevalence was performed using random effect model. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and modified Jadad score was used to assess risk of bias of studies. In addition, we explored the risk factors of antibiotic utilization in Chinese children using qualitative analysis. Results Of 10,075 studies identified, 98 eligible studies were included after excluded duplicated studies. A total of 79 studies reported prevalence and 42 studies reported risk factors for antibiotic utilization in children. The overall prevalence of antibiotic utilization among outpatients and inpatients were 63.8% (35 studies, 95% confidence interval (CI): 55.1-72.4%), and 81.3% (41 studies, 95% CI: 77.3-85.2%), respectively. In addition, the overall prevalence of caregiver’s self-medicating of antibiotics for children at home was 37.8% (4 studies, 95% CI: 7.9-67.6%). The high prevalence of antibiotics was associated with multiple factors, while lacking of skills and knowledge in both physicians and caregivers was the most recognized risk factor, caregivers put pressure on physicians to get antibiotics and self-medicating with antibiotics at home for children also were the main factors attributed to this issue. Conclusion The prevalence of antibiotic utilization in Chinese children is heavy both in hospitals and home. It is important for government to develop more effective strategies to improve the irrational use of antibiotic, especially in rural setting.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Garlic Vs Pitavastatin in Patients with Moderate Hyperlipidemia: A Metanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Saeed ◽  
◽  
Syed Wasif Gillani ◽  
Rana Kamran Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Level Reduction

Abstract To assess the efficacy of garlic in comparison with pitavastatin in reducing hypercholesteremia. Databases that include PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, TRIP and SCOPUS were searched. All randomised controlled trials selected for the study. Studies comparing garlic with placebo and pitavastatin with either placebo or other drugs were selected to treat hypercholesteremia. Statistical analysis done using a random-effect model, and results expressed in Mean difference and variance for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twelve studies analysed the efficacy of garlic compared to pitavastatin. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides assessed for garlic and pitavastatin's comparative efficacy. Mean difference noticed in total cholesterol in garlic arm was -13.604 with 95% CI = -22.246, -4.962 while in pitavastatin group was -28.205 (95% CI = -29.016,-27.394). The LDL-c reduction not recorded in the garlic arm where the mean increase was recorded of 0.309 (95% CI = -12.502, 13.120) while in the pitavastatin group was -35.538 (95% CI = -39.992, -31.084). Similarly, the increase in HDL was more in the pitavastatin group 5.308 (95% CI = 0.906, 9.710 compared to garlic (2.754 with 95% CI = 1.069, 4.440). Triglycerides level reduction was also low in whereas pitavastatin was -24.210 with 95% CI = -29.249, -19.171.The analysis showed that garlic has a significant effect on lipid profile. The comparison profile of garlic with pitavastatin showed clinical application in the treatment of mild-moderate hypercholesteremia—further studies required the investigator to use the combination therapy in controlled trials. Keywords: Allicin, Allium sativum, Dyslipidemia, Garlic, Hypercholesteremia, Hyperlipidemia Pitavastatin

scholarly journals Stroke in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 174749302097292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Nannoni ◽  
Rosa de Groot ◽  
Steven Bell ◽  
Hugh S Markus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Median Difference

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, affecting millions of people. However, the relationship between COVID-19 and acute cerebrovascular diseases is unclear. Aims We aimed to characterize the incidence, risk factors, clinical–radiological manifestations, and outcome of COVID-19-associated stroke. Methods Three medical databases were systematically reviewed for published articles on acute cerebrovascular diseases in COVID-19 (December 2019–September 2020). The review protocol was previously registered (PROSPERO ID = CRD42020185476). Data were extracted from articles reporting ≥5 stroke cases in COVID-19. We complied with the PRISMA guidelines and used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess data quality. Data were pooled using a random-effect model. Summary of review Of 2277 initially identified articles, 61 (2.7%) were entered in the meta-analysis. Out of 108,571 patients with COVID-19, acute CVD occurred in 1.4% (95%CI: 1.0–1.9). The most common manifestation was acute ischemic stroke (87.4%); intracerebral hemorrhage was less common (11.6%). Patients with COVID-19 developing acute cerebrovascular diseases, compared to those who did not, were older (pooled median difference = 4.8 years; 95%CI: 1.7–22.4), more likely to have hypertension (OR = 7.35; 95%CI: 1.94–27.87), diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.56; 95%CI: 3.34–9.24), coronary artery disease (OR = 3.12; 95%CI: 1.61–6.02), and severe infection (OR = 5.10; 95%CI: 2.72–9.54). Compared to individuals who experienced a stroke without the infection, patients with COVID-19 and stroke were younger (pooled median difference = −6.0 years; 95%CI: −12.3 to −1.4), had higher NIHSS (pooled median difference = 5; 95%CI: 3–9), higher frequency of large vessel occlusion (OR = 2.73; 95%CI: 1.63–4.57), and higher in-hospital mortality rate (OR = 5.21; 95%CI: 3.43–7.90). Conclusions Acute cerebrovascular diseases are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19, especially in those whom are severely infected and have pre-existing vascular risk factors. The pattern of large vessel occlusion and multi-territory infarcts suggests that cerebral thrombosis and/or thromboembolism could be possible causative pathways for the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pressure ulcers among hospitalized adult patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw ◽  
Yared Asmare Aynalem ◽  
Tadesse Yirga Akalu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Globally, PUs are recognized as one of the five most frequent causes of harm to clients. With millions affected globally, the national pooled prevalence of pressure ulcers in Ethiopia remains unknown. Hence, this review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers among hospitalized clients in Ethiopia. Methods Studies were retrieved through search engines in PubMed, Scopus, WHO Afro Library, Google Scholar, Africa Journals Online, and Web of Science. Heterogeneity between-studies were checked using the I2 test. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test was used to assess the presence of publication bias. The random-effect model was fitted to estimate summary effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across studies. The analyses were performed using STATA™ Version 14 software. Results The pooled prevalence of pressure ulcer in Ethiopia was assessed using seven studies involving a total of 1881 participants. The pooled prevalence of pressure ulcers in Ethiopia was 11.7% (95% CI: 7.28, 16.13). The subgroup analysis showed that the estimated magnitude of pressure ulcers was 15.89% (95% CI: 13.32, 18.46); among studies, their sample size was greater than or equal to 250. Conclusion The current review reported that the pooled prevalence of pressure ulcers in Ethiopia was relatively high. Hence, policymaker and healthcare providers should give attention to reduce the magnitude of pressure ulcers. Furthermore, further a meta-analysis study could be conducted to identify individual and health care service-related factors related to the occurrence of pressure ulcers.

A systematic and meta-analysis study on the prevalence of tuberculosis and relative risk factors for prisoners in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Taherpour ◽  
Mojtaba Mousavi Bazzaz ◽  
Hamidreza Naderi ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Alireza Amirabadizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Random Model ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
P Value ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Related Risk

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) among prisoners in Iran, by performing a systematic and meta-analysis study on the related articles. Methodology: Scopus, Iran doc, Cochrane, Pubmed, Medline, Embase and Iran Medex, Magiran, SID, Google Scholar, and EBSCO were searched. After quality assessment of the articles, a fixed or random model, as appropriate, was used to pool the results in a meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using I-square and Q-test. Results: The overall sample size of included studies was 19562 that 64 of them were with TB. The highest prevalence of tuberculosis was related to the study of Rasht, 517 in 100,000 but the lowest rate was related to the study of Sought Khorasan, 25 in 100,000. The ES of the random effect model is 0.003 (95% CI, 0.001-0.005) and p-value <0.0001. The Higgins’ I2 of all studies is 86.55%, and the p-value of the Cochrane Q statistics is <0.001, indicating that there is heterogeneity. Based on the Egger regression plot (t=2.18, p = 0.08, CI 95%: -0.001, 0.005) no publication bias existed. Conclusion: The frequency of TB among the prisoners in Iran was low. Due to important limitations in this study, it is not possible to indicate the exact prevalence of TB among prisoners in Iran and compare this with the general population. More studies are needed to assess the related risk factor for designing health interventions plan to decrease the incidence rate of TB among prisoners.

The factors of non-specific chronic low back pain in nurses: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Weige Sun ◽  
Haijiao Zhang ◽  
Limei Tang ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Suzhai Tian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
College Education ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Night Shifts

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have investigated factors for non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) in nurses, and have reached different conclusions. Evidence-based recommendations are required for the prevention and treatment of NSCLBP in nurses. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review and quantify the factors of NSCLBP in nurses. METHODS: Eleven databases were searched. The odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using meta-analysis, and either a fixed-effect or random-effect model was used based on heterogeneity across included studies. RESULTS: Eighteen publications including 11,752 nursing staff were included. Being female (pooled estimate [95% CI], 1.56 [1.24–1.96]; P< 0.001), married (1.89 [1.38–2.60]; P< 0.001), overweight (0.63 [0.43–0.93]; P= 0.02), working at least 10 years (0.65 [0.48–0.89]; P= 0.007), and working night shifts (2.19 [1.16–4.21]; P= 0.02) were positively related to NSCLBP. Junior college education (0.60 [0.47–0.77]; P< 0.001) and job satisfaction (0.58 [0.47–0.73]; P< 0.001) were negatively related. Age (0.80 [0.50–1.27]; P= 0.34) and physical exercise (0.99 [0.39–2.49]; P= 0.98) were not related. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first meta-analysis to quantify the risk factors for NSCLBP in nurses. Being female, married, working night shifts, overweight, working at least 10 years and dissatisfied with work are risk factors. High-quality prospective studies are required to validate the findings of this study.

Profiling Inflammatory Cytokines Following Zinc Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Faghfouri ◽  
Behzad Baradaran ◽  
Alireza Khabbazi ◽  
Yaser Khaje Bishak ◽  
Meysam Zarezadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Chronic inflammation has been considered as the main cause of chronic diseases. Zn has anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers. The present systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the impact of Zn supplementation on inflammation. Pubmed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched up to December 10th, 2020. Randomized placebo-controlled trials have investigated the effects of Zn supplementation on serum/plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in >15 years’ subjects were included. A pooled meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the robustness of the observed effect sizes. Potential causes of heterogeneity were determined using subgroup analyses. The relationship between effect size and co-variables was explored using meta-regression. In the cases of the presence of publication bias, trim and fill analysis was carried out. Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used for assessing the quality of the included studies. A total of 12 studies was included in meta-analysis. Zn could decrease IL-6 levels (SMD= -0.76 pg/ml; 95% CI: -1.28, -0.24; P= 0.004). There was no significant change in TNF-α (SMD= 0.42 pg/ml; 95% CI: -0.31, 1.16; P= 0.257) and IL-2 levels (SMD= 1.64 pg/ml; 95% CI: -1.31, 4.59; P= 0.277) following Zn supplementation. However, Zn could increase IL-2 significantly after deletion of one arm in sensitivity analysis (SMD= 2.96 pg/ml; 95% CI: 2.03, 3.88; P< 0.05). Conclusively, Zn supplementation can decrease the IL-6 level. Zn increased IL-2 level after sensitivity analysis. Zn supplementation has not ameliorative effects on TNF-α.

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