scholarly journals Iodine status of postpartum women and their infants in Australia after the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Huynh ◽  
Dominique Condo ◽  
Robert Gibson ◽  
Beverly Muhlhausler ◽  
Philip Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractMandatory I fortification in bread was introduced in Australia in 2009 in response to the re-emergence of biochemical I deficiency based on median urinary I concentration (UIC)<100 µg/l. Data on the I status of lactating mothers and their infants in Australia are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to assess the I status, determined by UIC and breast milk I concentration (BMIC), of breast-feeding mothers in South Australia and UIC of their infants. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between the I status of mothers and their infants. The median UIC of the mothers (n 686) was 125 (interquartile range (IQR) 76–200) µg/l and median BMIC (n 538) was 127 (IQR 84–184) µg/l. In all, 38 and 36 % of the mothers had a UIC and BMIC below 100 µg/l, respectively. The median UIC of infants (n 628) was 198 (IQR 121–296) µg/l, and 17 % had UIC<100 µg/l. Infant UIC was positively associated with maternal UIC (β 0·26; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·37, P<0·001) and BMIC (β 0·85; 95 % CI 0·66, 1·04, P<0·001) at 3 months postpartum after adjustment for gestational age, parity, maternal secondary and further education, BMI category and infant feeding mode. The adjusted OR for infant UIC<100 µg/l was 6·49 (95 % CI 3·80, 11·08, P<0·001) in mothers with BMIC<100 µg/l compared with those with BMIC≥100 µg/l. The I status of mothers and breast-fed infants in South Australia, following mandatory I fortification, is indicative of I sufficiency. BMIC<100 µg/l increased the risk of biochemical I deficiency in breast-fed infants.

Seborrheic Dermatitis of Infants: Treatment with Biotin Injections for the Nursing Mother

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1016
Author(s):  
Aaron Nisenson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Biotin Deficiency ◽  
Nursing Mother ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

Four cases of extensive seborrheic dermatitis or Leiner's disease are presented which dramatically improved after the nursing mother was given injections of biotin. The relationship between seborrheic dermatitis in infants and biotin deficiency is discussed and the literature reviewed. From this review it appears that breast milk is deficient in biotin in comparison to cow's milk. The deficiency is further aggravated by poor maternal nutrition. Infection and diarrhea in the infant may also contribute to low blood levels of biotin. On the basis of this limited experience, injections of biotin to the nursing mother appear to be a useful treatment for the breast-fed infant with extensive seborrheic dermatitis.

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

Cerium in human milk samples and its transfer from blood to milk: Is there an elevated nutritional risk for breast-fed babies?

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Michalke ◽  
Montserrat González-Estecha ◽  
Elena M. Trasobares ◽  
Miguel Angel Herraiz ◽  
Augusto Giussani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Endomyocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

The general population is increasingly exposed to cerium (Ce), which is contained in industrial products or is present as nuclear Ce fission products. Some studies suggested a link between elevated Ce levels and endomyocardial fibrosis. Since breast milk is the optimal, and directly after birth, usually the sole nutrition for newborns, exposure of females to Ce and its transfer to infants by breast-feeding is of concern in neonate protection. Consequently, the transfer rate of Ce from blood to breast milk is of interest for elucidating the Ce exposure of infants. Biomonitoring of paired serum and breast milk samples provides such information about Ce transfer to human milk. Therefore, this study is aimed at clarification of the relationship between Ce in human milk and serum from respective mothers for elucidating Ce enrichment in human milk with possible nutritional risk for newborns. As a prerequisite a strictly quality-controlled Ce determination method applicable to very low Ce concentration was developed, and its figures of merit were determined and found to be sufficient for our purpose. It turned out that Ce concentration in milk from Munich (Germany) and Madrid (Spain) showed a median of 13 ng/L. Ce concentrations in serum were at limit of quantification (LOQ) 10 ng/L (Munich) or 21.6–70.3 ng/L (Madrid), suggesting a higher Ce intake in Madrid. No enrichment from blood to milk was seen, and no elevated nutritional risk for breast-fed babies from Ce was found. Ce in serum, but not in milk, could indicate environmental Ce.

Factors Associated with Infections Among Breast-Fed Babies and Babies Fed Proprietary Milks

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306
Author(s):  
Grace E. Holmes ◽  
Khatab M. Hassanein ◽  
Herbert C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breast Fed

Correlation of first postnatal year infections among 251 babies was made with the infant feeding mode, socioeconomic status of family, maternal educational level, age, and maternal behavioral factors including smoking habit and number of siblings in the family. Initially, 127 mothers intended to breast-feed and 124 intended to formula-feed their infants. In the correlation matrix maternal education was the highest variable inversely correlated with infection; it was the first to enter in stepwise regression analysis and was highly significant (P &lt;.0001). Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and infant feeding mode were the next two variables, respectively, to be added during the stepwise regression but they were not significant in the presence of maternal education. The statistical significance of increased maternal education in inverse relation to infection persisted in the presence of the other two factors (P &lt;.0064). The t test showed no significant difference in the number of infections among the breast-fed and formula-fed babies within any of the three maternal education groups. It may be concluded that in the population studied, the infant feeding mode itself was not significantly related to the number of infections during the infant's first postnatal year when the education of the mother was taken into account.

Effect of Infant Formula on Stool Characteristics of Young Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Hyams ◽  
William R. Treem ◽  
Nancy L. Etienne ◽  
Harry Weinerman ◽  
Douglas MacGilpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Formula Type ◽  
Breast Fed

Background. Many infants are switched between multiple formula preparations early in life because of perceived abnormalities in stooling pattern as well as gastrointestinal symptoms. Objective. To investigate the relationship between the type of formula consumed and the stooling characteristics and gastrointestinal symptoms of young infants. Methods. Healthy 1-month-old infants were fed one of four commercial formula preparations (Enfamil, Enfamil with Iron, ProSobee, and Nutramigen) for 12 to 14 days in a prospective double-blinded (parent/physician) fashion. Parents completed a daily diary of stool characteristics as well as severity of spitting, gas, and crying for the last 7 days of the study period. A breast-fed infant group was studied as well. Results. Two hundred eighty five infants were enrolled and 238 completed the study. Infants receiving breast milk or Nutramigen had twice as many stools as other formula groups (P &lt; .001). Infants receiving ProSobee had hard/firm stools more often than breast-fed or other formula-fed groups (P &lt; .00001). Watery stools were more common in infants fed Nutramigen than other formula groups (P &lt; .04). Green stools were more common in 12 mg/L iron preparations (Enfamil with iron, ProSobee, Nutramigen) than in those with 1 mg/L (Enfamil, breast milk) (P &lt; .00001). Spitting, gassiness, and crying were of equal severity in all formula groups. Conclusions. The interpretation of stool frequency, color, and consistency must take into account the infant's formula type as significant variations in normal infants occur. Parental education on the range of infant stooling characteristics as well as the common occurrence of spitting, gas, and crying may alleviate concern for formula intolerance and underlying gastrointestinal disease.

scholarly journals Tryptophan metabolic profile in term and preterm breast milk: implications for health

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise O'Rourke ◽  
Gerard Clarke ◽  
Aoife Nolan ◽  
Claire Watkins ◽  
Timothy G. Dinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Meso Scale Discovery ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Neurodevelopment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractBreast milk is the only source of the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) in breast-fed infants. Low levels of TRP could have implications for infant neurodevelopment. The objectives of the present study were to compare the relationship of TRP and its neuroactive pathway metabolites kynurenine (Kyn) and kynurenic acid (KynA) in preterm and term expressed breast milk (EBM) in the first 14 d following birth, and the relationship of TRP metabolism to maternal stress and immune status. A total of twenty-four mothers were recruited from Cork University Maternity Hospital: twelve term (>38 weeks) and twelve preterm (<35 weeks). EBM samples were collected on days 7 and 14. Free TRP, Kyn and KynA were measured using HPLC, total TRP using MS, cytokines using the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) assay system, and cortisol using a cortisol ELISA kit. Although total TRP was higher in preterm EBM in comparison with term EBM (P< 0·05), free TRP levels were lower (P< 0·05). Kyn, KynA and the Kyn:TRP ratio increased significantly in term EBM from day 7 to day 14 (P< 0·05), but not in preterm EBM. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were higher in day 7 preterm and term EBM in comparison with day 14. There were no significant differences between term and preterm EBM cortisol levels. Increased availability of total TRP, lower levels of free TRP and alterations in the temporal dynamics of TRP metabolism in preterm compared with term EBM, coupled with higher EBM inflammatory markers on day 7, may have implications for the neurological development of exclusively breast-fed preterm infants.

Infant Feeding and SIDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Allan S. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Breast Fed

Is the role of infant feeding in SIDS really a dead issue, as Beckwith implies in his commentary on the article by Tonkin?1,2 Steele et al. found that 78% of SIDS infants had been exclusively bottle-fed, compared to 52% in a control group.3 Carpenter and Shaddick found that less than 6% of SIDS infants surviving to 3 months of age were exclusively breast-fed, compared to 22% of 3-month-old controls.4 Cameron and Asher found that 80% of their patients were receiving no breast milk at all by 1 month, compared to 39% of infants attending city clinics.3

Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship between Breast Milk Leptin Levels and Growth in Breast-fed Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Olgac Dundar ◽  
Ozden Anal ◽  
Bumin Dundar ◽  
Hasan Ozkan ◽  
Sezer Caliskan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

scholarly journals Breast Milk Iodine and Iodine Status of Breast-Fed Infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Golam Morshed Molla ◽  
M Iqbal Arslan ◽  
Mafruha Tazkin Milky
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Iodine status of breast-fed infants depends on iodine in breast milk and also number of feeding in 24 hours. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess both have bad impact on infant’s health.Objective: To measure the iodine in breast milk and to evaluate iodine status of their breast-fed infants.Materials and method: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (statistical programme for social science) 12 version software package for Windows.Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 ?g/L (100.50-526.00) respectively. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 ?g/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 ?g/L). Only 2 (4%) lactating mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99 ?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (p<0.01). Infant’s urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (p<0.01) and with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (p<0.01).Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. If iodine content of breast-milk is within normal range, 10-12 numbers of feeding in 24 hours for infants is enough to get sufficient iodine from their mother’s milk.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 74-77

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