Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship between Breast Milk Leptin Levels and Growth in Breast-fed Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Olgac Dundar ◽  
Ozden Anal ◽  
Bumin Dundar ◽  
Hasan Ozkan ◽  
Sezer Caliskan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

Seborrheic Dermatitis of Infants: Treatment with Biotin Injections for the Nursing Mother

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1016
Author(s):  
Aaron Nisenson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Biotin Deficiency ◽  
Nursing Mother ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

Four cases of extensive seborrheic dermatitis or Leiner's disease are presented which dramatically improved after the nursing mother was given injections of biotin. The relationship between seborrheic dermatitis in infants and biotin deficiency is discussed and the literature reviewed. From this review it appears that breast milk is deficient in biotin in comparison to cow's milk. The deficiency is further aggravated by poor maternal nutrition. Infection and diarrhea in the infant may also contribute to low blood levels of biotin. On the basis of this limited experience, injections of biotin to the nursing mother appear to be a useful treatment for the breast-fed infant with extensive seborrheic dermatitis.

Cerium in human milk samples and its transfer from blood to milk: Is there an elevated nutritional risk for breast-fed babies?

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Michalke ◽  
Montserrat González-Estecha ◽  
Elena M. Trasobares ◽  
Miguel Angel Herraiz ◽  
Augusto Giussani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Endomyocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

The general population is increasingly exposed to cerium (Ce), which is contained in industrial products or is present as nuclear Ce fission products. Some studies suggested a link between elevated Ce levels and endomyocardial fibrosis. Since breast milk is the optimal, and directly after birth, usually the sole nutrition for newborns, exposure of females to Ce and its transfer to infants by breast-feeding is of concern in neonate protection. Consequently, the transfer rate of Ce from blood to breast milk is of interest for elucidating the Ce exposure of infants. Biomonitoring of paired serum and breast milk samples provides such information about Ce transfer to human milk. Therefore, this study is aimed at clarification of the relationship between Ce in human milk and serum from respective mothers for elucidating Ce enrichment in human milk with possible nutritional risk for newborns. As a prerequisite a strictly quality-controlled Ce determination method applicable to very low Ce concentration was developed, and its figures of merit were determined and found to be sufficient for our purpose. It turned out that Ce concentration in milk from Munich (Germany) and Madrid (Spain) showed a median of 13 ng/L. Ce concentrations in serum were at limit of quantification (LOQ) 10 ng/L (Munich) or 21.6–70.3 ng/L (Madrid), suggesting a higher Ce intake in Madrid. No enrichment from blood to milk was seen, and no elevated nutritional risk for breast-fed babies from Ce was found. Ce in serum, but not in milk, could indicate environmental Ce.

Effect of Infant Formula on Stool Characteristics of Young Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Hyams ◽  
William R. Treem ◽  
Nancy L. Etienne ◽  
Harry Weinerman ◽  
Douglas MacGilpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Formula Type ◽  
Breast Fed

Background. Many infants are switched between multiple formula preparations early in life because of perceived abnormalities in stooling pattern as well as gastrointestinal symptoms. Objective. To investigate the relationship between the type of formula consumed and the stooling characteristics and gastrointestinal symptoms of young infants. Methods. Healthy 1-month-old infants were fed one of four commercial formula preparations (Enfamil, Enfamil with Iron, ProSobee, and Nutramigen) for 12 to 14 days in a prospective double-blinded (parent/physician) fashion. Parents completed a daily diary of stool characteristics as well as severity of spitting, gas, and crying for the last 7 days of the study period. A breast-fed infant group was studied as well. Results. Two hundred eighty five infants were enrolled and 238 completed the study. Infants receiving breast milk or Nutramigen had twice as many stools as other formula groups (P < .001). Infants receiving ProSobee had hard/firm stools more often than breast-fed or other formula-fed groups (P < .00001). Watery stools were more common in infants fed Nutramigen than other formula groups (P < .04). Green stools were more common in 12 mg/L iron preparations (Enfamil with iron, ProSobee, Nutramigen) than in those with 1 mg/L (Enfamil, breast milk) (P < .00001). Spitting, gassiness, and crying were of equal severity in all formula groups. Conclusions. The interpretation of stool frequency, color, and consistency must take into account the infant's formula type as significant variations in normal infants occur. Parental education on the range of infant stooling characteristics as well as the common occurrence of spitting, gas, and crying may alleviate concern for formula intolerance and underlying gastrointestinal disease.

scholarly journals Tryptophan metabolic profile in term and preterm breast milk: implications for health

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise O'Rourke ◽  
Gerard Clarke ◽  
Aoife Nolan ◽  
Claire Watkins ◽  
Timothy G. Dinan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Meso Scale Discovery ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Neurodevelopment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractBreast milk is the only source of the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) in breast-fed infants. Low levels of TRP could have implications for infant neurodevelopment. The objectives of the present study were to compare the relationship of TRP and its neuroactive pathway metabolites kynurenine (Kyn) and kynurenic acid (KynA) in preterm and term expressed breast milk (EBM) in the first 14 d following birth, and the relationship of TRP metabolism to maternal stress and immune status. A total of twenty-four mothers were recruited from Cork University Maternity Hospital: twelve term (>38 weeks) and twelve preterm (<35 weeks). EBM samples were collected on days 7 and 14. Free TRP, Kyn and KynA were measured using HPLC, total TRP using MS, cytokines using the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) assay system, and cortisol using a cortisol ELISA kit. Although total TRP was higher in preterm EBM in comparison with term EBM (P< 0·05), free TRP levels were lower (P< 0·05). Kyn, KynA and the Kyn:TRP ratio increased significantly in term EBM from day 7 to day 14 (P< 0·05), but not in preterm EBM. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were higher in day 7 preterm and term EBM in comparison with day 14. There were no significant differences between term and preterm EBM cortisol levels. Increased availability of total TRP, lower levels of free TRP and alterations in the temporal dynamics of TRP metabolism in preterm compared with term EBM, coupled with higher EBM inflammatory markers on day 7, may have implications for the neurological development of exclusively breast-fed preterm infants.

scholarly journals Iodine status of postpartum women and their infants in Australia after the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Huynh ◽  
Dominique Condo ◽  
Robert Gibson ◽  
Beverly Muhlhausler ◽  
Philip Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractMandatory I fortification in bread was introduced in Australia in 2009 in response to the re-emergence of biochemical I deficiency based on median urinary I concentration (UIC)<100 µg/l. Data on the I status of lactating mothers and their infants in Australia are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to assess the I status, determined by UIC and breast milk I concentration (BMIC), of breast-feeding mothers in South Australia and UIC of their infants. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between the I status of mothers and their infants. The median UIC of the mothers (n 686) was 125 (interquartile range (IQR) 76–200) µg/l and median BMIC (n 538) was 127 (IQR 84–184) µg/l. In all, 38 and 36 % of the mothers had a UIC and BMIC below 100 µg/l, respectively. The median UIC of infants (n 628) was 198 (IQR 121–296) µg/l, and 17 % had UIC<100 µg/l. Infant UIC was positively associated with maternal UIC (β 0·26; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·37, P<0·001) and BMIC (β 0·85; 95 % CI 0·66, 1·04, P<0·001) at 3 months postpartum after adjustment for gestational age, parity, maternal secondary and further education, BMI category and infant feeding mode. The adjusted OR for infant UIC<100 µg/l was 6·49 (95 % CI 3·80, 11·08, P<0·001) in mothers with BMIC<100 µg/l compared with those with BMIC≥100 µg/l. The I status of mothers and breast-fed infants in South Australia, following mandatory I fortification, is indicative of I sufficiency. BMIC<100 µg/l increased the risk of biochemical I deficiency in breast-fed infants.

scholarly journals Breast milk zinc and copper concentrations in Bangladesh

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dkaren SIMMER ◽  
Shameen Ahmed ◽  
Linda Carlsson ◽  
R. P. H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Breast Fed

Breast-fed infants in Bangladeshi villages were weighed at 1, 2, 6, 9 and 12 months. The concentrations of zinc and copper in the breast milk were measured and the daily intake of these elements calculated. Breast milk Zn concentration decreased over the year but was comparable with that found in developed countries. The calculated daily intake decreased from 17·7 to 8·0 μmol (10–30% of recommended dietary allowances (RDA); National Academy of Sciences, 1980). Breast milk Cu concentration also fell over the year and was lower than that reported from developed countries. Calculated daily Cu intake was 1·95–2·63 μmol (RDA 7·81–15·63 μmol). Deficiencies of trace elements may therefore be a problem in poorly nourished communities where breast feeding is continued for several years with only small amounts of additional food. Breast milk may not be adequate as the only source of infant nutrition after the first few months of life in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A antibodies directed againstCampylobacter jejuniflagellin present in breast–milk

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nachamkin ◽  
S. H. Fischer ◽  
X.-H. Yang ◽  
O. Benitez ◽  
A. Cravioto
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMAYWe studied the relationship between IgA anti–campylobacter flagellin antibodies in breast milk samples and protection of breastfed infants living in a rural Mexican village from campylobacter infection. There were fewer episodes of campylobacter infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic combined) in infants breastfed with milk containing specific anti-flagellin antibodies (1.2/child/year, 95% CI 0.6–1.8) versus non–breastfed children (3.3/child/year, 95% CI 1.8–4.8; P < 0.01). Infants breastfed with milk that was antiflagellin antibody negative by ELISA also had fewer episodes of infection compared with non-breastfed children, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (1.8/child/year, 95% CI 0.7–3.0 versus 3.3/child/year, 95% CI 1.8–4.8, P > 0.05). Breastfeeding has a protective effect against campylobacter infection and is associated with the presence of specific antibodies directed against campylobacter flagellin.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-617
Author(s):  
Marsha Walker
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Practice Parameter ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Breast Fed

I read with interest the report by the Provisional Committee for Quality Improvement and Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia (Pediatrics 1994;94:558-565) entitled, "Practice Parameter: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Healthy Term Newborn." I wish to make a couple of comments on jaundice and the breast-fed newborn. It was gratifying to see recommendations discouraging the interruption of breast-feeding and eliminating the use of supplemental water or dextrose and water in this situation. Many jaundiced breast-fed newborns simply need more breast milk, ie, more feedings and a check to see that the newborn is swallowing milk at breast.

Otitis Media in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Breast Fed

Dr. Bland found an increase in otitis media in bottle-fed versus breast-fed infants. He speculates that this may be due to transfer of IgA in breast milk. Another possibility is that the increased incidence of otitis is due to positional differences between bottle- and breast-feeding. Bottle babies are often fed in the recumbent position which promotes entry of milk into the eustachian tubes and the middle ear, whereas the anatomy of the maternal breast requires that the infant's head be vertical during feeding. This concept of positional otitis has been recently reviewed.

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