Infant Feeding and SIDS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-468
Author(s):  
Allan S. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Breast Fed

Is the role of infant feeding in SIDS really a dead issue, as Beckwith implies in his commentary on the article by Tonkin?1,2 Steele et al. found that 78% of SIDS infants had been exclusively bottle-fed, compared to 52% in a control group.3 Carpenter and Shaddick found that less than 6% of SIDS infants surviving to 3 months of age were exclusively breast-fed, compared to 22% of 3-month-old controls.4 Cameron and Asher found that 80% of their patients were receiving no breast milk at all by 1 month, compared to 39% of infants attending city clinics.3

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

scholarly journals The Influence of Collaborative Model between the Role of Husbands and Healthcare Workers on Mother’s Behavior in Giving Exclusive Breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 794-797
Author(s):  
Stang Stang ◽  
Tahir Abdullah ◽  
Sumarni Marwang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collaborative Model ◽  
A Value

BACKGROUND: Considering the importance of giving exclusive breast milk (ASI) for the growth and development of children, collaborative support between health workers and husbands is very important. Support from husbands allows mothers to carry out breastfeeding process easier, so that the mothers’ mental condition will be stable and not stressful, and they will not feel exhausted. As a result, the mothers can provide the best breast milk. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of a collaborative model on the role of husbands and health workers to improve mother’s behavior in giving exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS: This research used a quasi-experimental design. The intervention group consisted of husbands of third-trimester pregnant women who came from the working area of the Mangkoso Community Health Center, while the control consisted of husband from the Padongko Community Health Center, each group consisted of 30 people. In the intervention group, the collaborative model between the roles of husbands and health workers was applied, while in the control group, the husbands only received Maternal and Child Handbook (KIA). RESULT: The results showed that there were differences in knowledge about the role of husbands in supporting the exclusive breastfeeding between the intervention group and the control group with a value of p = 0.000. Knowledge of the husband’s role in supporting exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group was very good, but it was bad in the control group. In the other hand, there was no differences in behavior of giving exclusive breast milk (ASI) between the intervention group and the control group with a value of p = 0.422. CONCLUSION: However, if we compared the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding before and after the application of the model in the intervention group, the increase was found to be very significant, which was 57.5%, from 12.5% to 70%. While in the control group the increase was only 20.9%, from 35.8% to 56.7%.

scholarly journals The association of infant feeding patterns with food allergy symptoms and food allergy in early childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joacy G. Mathias ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Nelis Soto-Ramirez ◽  
Wilfried Karmaus
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Persistent Symptoms

Abstract Background The role of infant feeding for food allergy in children is unclear and studies have not addressed simultaneous exposures to different foods. The goal of this study was to analyze existing data on feeding practices that represent realistic exposure and assess the risk of food allergy symptoms and food allergy in children. Methods The Infant Feeding Practices Study II conducted by the CDC and US-FDA enrolled pregnant women and collected infant feeding information using nine repeated surveys. Participants were re-contacted after 6 years. Food allergy data were collected at 4, 9, 12, and 72 months. In total, 1387 participants had complete infant feeding pattern data for 6 months and information on food allergy symptoms and doctors’ diagnosed food allergy. Feeding patterns constituted six groups: 3-months of feeding at breast followed by mixed feeding, 3-months of breast milk and bottled milk followed by mixed feeding, 1-month of feeding at breast followed by mixed feeding, 6-months of mixed feeding i.e., concurrent feeding of breast milk, bottled milk and formula, 2–3 months of formula followed by formula and solid food, and formula and solid food since the first month. To estimate risks of food allergy, we used linear mixed models, controlling for potential confounders. Results Of the 328 children with food allergy symptoms in infancy and at 6 years, 52 had persistent symptoms from infancy. Children exposed to mixed feeding had a higher risk of food allergy symptoms (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.54; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.04, 2.29) compared to 3-months of feeding at breast adjusted for confounding. No statistically significant risk of infant feeding patterns was found for doctors’ diagnosed food allergy. Paternal allergy posed a higher risk for food allergy symptoms (RR 1.36; 95% CI 1.01, 1.83). Prenatal maternal smoking increased the risk for doctors’ diagnosed food allergy (RR 2.97; 95% CI 1.53, 5.79). Conclusions Analysis of this prospective birth cohort suggest that introduction of multiple feeding source may lead to food allergy symptoms. Future efforts are needed to determine acceptable approaches to improve the ascertainment of food allergy in children and the role of infant feeding.

Comparison of Maternal Absenteeism and Infant Illness Rates among Breast-Feeding and Formula-Feeding Women in Two Corporations

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Cohen ◽  
Marsha B. Mrtek ◽  
Robert G. Mrtek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Breast Fed

Purpose. A comparison was made between breast-feeding and formula-feeding among employed mothers. Absenteeism directly related to child care was examined. Design. This quasi-experimental study followed convenience samples of breast-feeding and formula-feeding mothers until their infants were weaned or reached 1 year of age. Setting. Two corporations with established lactation programs were used. One had approximately 100 births annually among 2400 female employees, and the other had approximately 30 births annually among 1200 female employees. Subjects. A sample of 101 participants, 59 feeding breast milk and 42 using commercial formula, was composed of employees returning from maternity leave for a medically uncomplicated birth. Intervention. The programs provided counseling by a lactation professional for all participants and facilities to collect and store breast milk. Measures. Confidential participant diaries provided descriptive data on infant illnesses and related absenteeism that the lactation consultant verified with health care providers and through employer attendance records. Analysis. Attribute counts of illnesses and absenteeism were reported as percentages. Single degree of freedom χ2 tests were used to compare rates between nutrition groups. Results. Approximately 28% of the infants in the study had no illnesses; 86% of these were breast-fed and 14% were formula-fed. When illnesses occurred, 25% of all 1-day maternal absences were among breast-fed babies and 75% were among the formula-fed group. Conclusions. In this study fewer and less severe infant illnesses and less maternal absenteeism was found in the breast-feeding group. This was not an experimental study. Participants were self-selected, and a comparison group was used rather than a true control group. Corroboration of these findings from larger experimental studies is needed to generalize beyond these groups.

scholarly journals The relevance of cytokine indicators in the hemorrhagic transformation development of cerebral infarction risk measuring

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
T A Nikiforova ◽  
B M Doronin ◽  
S A Peskov
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plasma Cytokines ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Development Risk

The purpose of this research is to study the prognostic role of cytokines in plasma in patients with cerebral infarction while assessing the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.Materials and methods. Three groups of patients were identified. Group 1: 66 patients with cerebral infarction without hemorrhagic transformation (CI without HT), mean age 63.9 ± 1.3 years. Group 2: 27 patients with cerebral infarction and with hemorrhagic transformation (CI with HT), mean age was 65.9 ± 2.5 years. Group 3: 65 patients with cerebral hemorrhage (CH), average age - 58.8 ± 1.6 years. The plasma cytokines concentration measurement (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-4) was performed on the 1st, 2nd and 10th days after the stroke manifestation. The control group - 55 donors cytokines indicators.Results. In the CI with HT group, compared with the CI without HT group and the CH group, the lowest levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were detected on the 1st, 2nd and 10th day since the disease symptoms, and, conversely, the highest IL-1Pa values were revealed on the 1st and 2nd days; IL-4 values - on the 1st and 10th days (p < 0.05). The high HT development risk factors on the 1st day of the disease symptoms are IL-6 ≥ 46.6 pg/ml, IL-8 ≥ 14.7 pg/ml, IL-10 ≥ 12.1 pg/ml, IL-4 ≥ 7.6 pg/ml. In contrast, IL-1β ≥ 1.9 pg/ml, TNF-α ≥ 14.4 pg/ml indicate a low probability of HT development.Conclusion. Predictors of the CI HT development risk on the 1st day of the disease are plasma cytokines indicators IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4.

scholarly journals THE SURVIVAL RATE OF CHICK EMBRYO INFLUENCED BY NICOTINE AND ANTIOXIDANT GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029-32
Author(s):  
Maryam Shan ◽  
Shazia Muazam ◽  
Hina Shan ◽  
Fahad Atta ◽  
Zubia Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: To study the effects of Nicotine on the survival rate of chick embryo and to evaluate the preventive role by the antioxidant green tea camellia sinensis. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2011 to Nov 2012. Methodology: A total of 75 Fayoumi fresh fertilized eggs were kept at Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. Experimental solutions were injected to the eggs of four groups at forty-eight hours of incubation and the effect on the growth was recorded and compared with the control group. The control and experimental groups were observed to assess the effects of Nicotine and the role of antioxidant green tea Camellia sinensis on the survival rate and growth of chick embryo’s femur. Results: The control group (group-1) showed 100% survival rate of embryos. The experimental group-2 showed survival rate of 100% embryos and the group-3 and group-4 showed survival rate 50% and 70% of embryos, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea decreases the oxidative stress caused by the Nicotine.

scholarly journals Сytokine markers for different variants of sclerotic lichen in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
E. V. Kolesnikova ◽  
A. V. Zharov ◽  
I. A. Kharitonova ◽  
Yu. S. Mizina ◽  
S. V. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vulvar Disease ◽  
Clinical Variants ◽  
Group 3

Our work was aimed for studying the role of systemic of IL-23 and IL-20 levels in different clinical variants of sclerotic lichen in women. The study was based on results of clinical data (anamnesis, examination, palpation, vulvoscopy) and immunological studies (determination of IL-20 and IL-23 cytokines in peripheral blood) in the patients with sclerotic lichen (114 patients aged 42.5±15.1 years). Group I included patients with atrophic variant of sclerotic lichen (n = 58); group II, with sclerotic variant of sclerotic lichen (n = 34). Group III included women with a sclero-atrophic variant of this disorder (n = 22). The control group consisted of conditionally healthy women without present, or previously documented vulvar pathology (30 persons). Criteria for inclusion were as follows: women 20 to 60 years old, the presence of a benign vulvar disease, absence of treatment with immunotropic drugs over past year. Exclusion criteria: presence of viral infection (HPV, HSV), detection of STI, presence of acute inflammatory process (including vulvitis and vaginitis), cancer diagnosis, symptoms of autoimmune disorders, pregnancy, and the patient’s reluctance to participate in the study.Predominant increase of IL-23 was revealed in all clinical groups of the examined patients, the most pronounced increase (2.7 times) was in severe sclerotic lichen (p < 0.0001). IL-23 concentration in the 2nd clinical group corresponded to the reference age-matched values. There was a significant increase in the blood content of IL-20 in subgroup 2.2 of the patients with sclerotic lichen (p < 0.0001), as well as in patients from group 3 with a mixed clinical course of its disorder (p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the absence of pronounced vulvar tissue sclerosis in sclerotic variant of sclerotic lichen (subgroup 2.1) was accompanied only by a tendency for increased IL-20 concentration (p = 0.502), and only a trend for decrease in atrophic variant of sclerotic lichen (p = 0.288). In general, analysis of these data presumes a significant role of IL-20 and IL-23 in pathogenesis of sclerotic lichen in women. The cytokine assays in various clinical variants of this vulvar disorder may provide additional differential diagnostics (IL-20), and to assess severity of atrophic and sclerotic changes in vulvar tissues (IL-23) in women with sclerotic lichen.

scholarly journals Possible Retard in the Language Development to the Children Born through IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1859-1858
Author(s):  
Ramona Nedelcuta ◽  
Vlad Dumitru Baleanu ◽  
Cosmin Ciora ◽  
Gigi Calin ◽  
Mihail-Relu Stanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Language Development ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Natural Way

Research in recent years on a possible and evident pathology, appeared in children s case from pregnancies obtained through in vitro fertilization (IVF), did not show significant differences than the children born from pregnancies obtained naturally. Having a good start in life, the consignments studied were feed exclusively in a natural way in the first 6 months, knowing the complex role of breast milk, including nerve growth. The delay in language development has shown significant differences between the IVF consignment and the control group and the pathology exam a possible involvement in cerebral embryogenesis, especially the Broca s area, of some disturbing factors, with a maximum of action before the 23rd week.

scholarly journals Does concurrent breastfeeding alongside the introduction of solid food prevent the development of food allergy?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Venter ◽  
Kate Maslin ◽  
Taraneh Dean ◽  
Syed Hasan Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Solid Food Introduction ◽  
Food Challenges

AbstractThe timing of introduction of solid food on the subsequent development of food allergy is under debate and the role of concurrent breastfeeding is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of solid food introduction whilst concurrently breastfeeding on food allergy outcome, with a specific focus on cows’ milk allergy. Prospectively collected infant feeding data from a birth cohort were analysed. Participants with histories suggestive of food allergy underwent diagnostic food challenges. Children with food allergy were matched to control participants for age and sex. Mann–Whitney U tests, χ2, Fisher exact tests and logistic regression calculations were undertaken. A total of thirty-nine food-allergic children and seventy-eight matched controls were identified, including twenty-two cows’ milk-allergic children and forty-four matched controls. The control group introduced solid food earlier than the food-allergic group (P < 0·05). There was no effect of concurrent breastfeeding alongside cows’ milk introduction or other food allergens on the development of food allergy. Due to small numbers, it was not possible to explore differences for food allergy phenotype. We have therefore found no evidence that introducing solids, or food allergens, whilst breastfeeding has an allergy-preventative effect; however, the results should be interpreted with caution due to sample size. Recommendations regarding infant feeding and food allergy should be carefully considered. Although breastfeeding should be promoted for many health reasons, larger studies looking at the introduction of food allergens on the development of food allergy are needed to make a final conclusion.

scholarly journals A Cardioprotective Role of Nerium oleander with the Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2A mRNA by Increasing Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Heart Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hitit ◽  
Orhan Corum ◽  
Duygu Durna Corum ◽  
Huseyin Donmez ◽  
Gul Cetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Nerium oleander (NO) distillate is used to either protect heart cells against oxidative stress or reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms under hypoxic conditions in which heart cells survive; however, the key responsible mechanism of NO distillate for cardioprotection remains elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on heart tissue at different time intervals after administering NO distillateintraperitoneally (IP) while considering the transcriptional regulation of HIFs and representative antioxidant enzymes.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The NO plant was chopped, and distillated water was added. The mixture was distilled, and the distillate separated and collected into tubes, after which it was lyophilized to obtain dry material. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (2-3 month-old, 250-300 geach) were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (n = 5) received IP injections of saline; the remaining 15 rats received IP injections of a single dose of 7.5 mL NO distillate. The NO distillate injected rats were divided into three groupsaccording to the time from injection to harvest the heart tissue samples. The tissues were collected at 0 h (control; n = 5), 2 h (group 2; n = 5), 4 h (group 3; n = 5), and 8 h (group 4; n = 5) after injection and under general anesthesia (60 mg/kg ketamine, IP + 10 mg/kg xylazine, IP).Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression profiles of the genes of interest in the heart tissues. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was used as the reference gene. The expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA was in a steady state level between the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05); however, it significantly increased in group 3 and 4 compared with that in the control (P &lt; 0.05). Expression of catalase (CAT) mRNA was significantly higher in group 2 than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05) although it was lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P &lt; 0.05); however, it appeared to be similar among the control group, group 3, and group 4 (P &gt; 0.05). Copper (Cu) SOD mRNA was equallyexpressed in both the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05) but was lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P &lt; 0.05). Expressions of HIF1A, HIF2A, and HIF3A mRNA were detected in the rat heart tissues in the control and 2, 4, and 8 h after administration of NO distillate. Expression ofHIF1A mRNA was in a steady state and did not differ among groups 2, 3, and 4 (P &gt; 0.05). Similarly, the expression of HIF2A mRNA did not change between the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05); however, it was higher in group 3 than in the control (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to behigher in group 3 than in group 2 (P = 0.063). HIF3A mRNA expression did not change significantly in the heart tissue of any of the groups (P &gt; 0.05).Discussion: The present study using rats determined that MnSOD, CAT, CuSOD, HIF1A, HIF2A, and HIF3A mRNA are expressed in the heart tissues after administration of NO distillate. The increased expression of HIF2A mRNA after 4 h in accordance with a rise in CAT mRNA after 2 h, and MnSOD mRNA after 4 and 8 h might confirm the role of HIF2A mRNA in oxidative stress defense by regulating antioxidant enzymes; consequently, this study may expand our understanding of uses of NO distillate with respect to molecular pathways.

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