The Japanese food score and risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

AbstractFew studies have reported the association between the Japanese diet as food score and mortality. This study aimed to investigate adherence to the Japanese food score associated with all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality. A total of 58 767 (23 162 men and 34 232 women) Japanese participants aged 40–79 years, who enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study between 1988 and 1990, were included. The Japanese food score was derived from the components of seven food groups (beans and bean products, fresh fishes, vegetables, Japanese pickles, fungi, seaweeds and fruits) based on the FFQ. The total score ranged from 0 to 7, and participants were divided into five categories based on scores (0–2, 3, 4, 5 and 6–7). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality based on sex were estimated using Cox proportional models. During the follow-up period until 2009, 11 692 participants with all-cause, 3408 with CVD and 4247 with cancer died. The multivariable HR in the 6–7 and 0–2 Japanese food score groups were 0·93 (95 % CI 0·86, 1·01) in men and 0·82 (95 % CI 0·75, 0·90) in women for all-cause mortality and 0·89 (95 % CI 0·76, 1·04) in men and 0·66 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·77) in women for CVD mortality. Our findings suggest that adherence to the Japanese food score consisting of food combinations characterised by a Japanese diet may help in preventing all-cause and CVD mortality, especially in women.

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Adiposity change and mortality in middle-aged to older Chinese: an 8-year follow-up of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e039239

Author(s):

Ying Yue Huang ◽

Chao Qiang Jiang ◽

Lin Xu ◽

Wei Sen Zhang ◽

Feng Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Middle Aged ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Older Chinese ◽

Cvd Mortality

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of change in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) over an average of 4 years with subsequent mortality risk in middle-aged to older Chinese.DesignProspective cohort study based on the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.SettingCommunity-based sample.Participants17 773 participants (12 956 women and 4817 men) aged 50+ years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcome measures were cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Causes of death were obtained via record linkage, and coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (tenth revision).Results1424 deaths (53.4% women) occurred in the 17 773 participants (mean age 61.2, SD 6.8 years) during an average follow-up of 7.8 (SD=1.5) years, and 97.7% of participants did not have an intention of weight loss . Compared with participants with stable BMI, participants with BMI loss (>5%), but not gain, had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.49, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.71), which was greatest in those who were underweight (HR=2.45, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.59). Similar patterns were found for WC. In contrast, for participants with a BMI of ≥27.5 kg/m2, BMI gain, versus stable BMI, was associated with 89% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.89, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.88), 72% higher risk of CVD mortality (HR=1.72, 95% CI 0.80 to 3.72) and 2.27-fold risk of cancer mortality (HR=2.27, 95% CI 1.26 to 4.10).ConclusionIn older people, unintentional BMI/WC loss, especially in those who were underweight was associated with higher mortality risk. However, BMI gain in those with obesity showed excess risks of all-cause and cancer mortality, but not CVD mortality. Frequent monitoring of changes in body size can be used as an early warning for timely clinical investigations and interventions and is important to inform appropriate health management in older Chinese.

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Association between selenium intake, diabetes, and mortality in adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711452100177x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Bushra Hoque ◽

Zumin Shi

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

The Us ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the association between Se intake, diabetes, all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a representative sample of US adults. Data from 18,932 adults who attended the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed. Information on mortality was obtained from the US mortality registry updated to 2015. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression were used. Cross-sectionally, Se intake was positively associated with diabetes. Comparing extreme quartiles of Se intake, the odds ratio (OR) for diabetes was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.09–1.89). During a mean of 6.6 years follow-up, there were 1627 death (312 CVD, 386 cancer). High intake of Se was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. When comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of Se intake, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause, CVD mortality, cancer mortality and other mortality were: 0.77 (95% CI 0.59-1.01), 0.62 (95% CI, 0.35-1.13), 1.42 (95% CI, 0.78-2.58) and 0.60 (95% CI,0.40-0.80), respectively. The inverse association between Se intake and all-cause mortality was only found among white participants. In conclusion, Se intake was positively associated with diabetes but inversely associated with all-cause mortality. There was no interaction between Se intake and diabetes in relation to all-cause mortality.

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Associations of habitual fish oil supplementation with cardiovascular outcomes and all cause mortality: evidence from a large population based cohort study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m456 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m456 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhi-Hao Li ◽

Wen-Fang Zhong ◽

Simin Liu ◽

Virginia Byers Kraus ◽

Yu-Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Marginal Benefit ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the associations of habitual fish oil supplementation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in a large prospective cohort. Design Population based, prospective cohort study. Setting UK Biobank. Participants A total of 427 678 men and women aged between 40 and 69 who had no CVD or cancer at baseline were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to the end of 2018. Main exposure All participants answered questions on the habitual use of supplements, including fish oil. Main outcome measures All cause mortality, CVD mortality, and CVD events. Results At baseline, 133 438 (31.2%) of the 427 678 participants reported habitual use of fish oil supplements. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for habitual users of fish oil versus non-users were 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.90) for all cause mortality, 0.84 (0.78 to 0.91) for CVD mortality, and 0.93 (0.90 to 0.96) for incident CVD events. For CVD events, the association seemed to be stronger among those with prevalent hypertension (P for interaction=0.005). Conclusions Habitual use of fish oil seems to be associated with a lower risk of all cause and CVD mortality and to provide a marginal benefit against CVD events among the general population.

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Dietary supplement use and mortality in a cohort of Swedish men

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507812049 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 626-631 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Maria Messerer ◽

Niclas Håkansson ◽

Alicja Wolk ◽

Agneta Åkesson

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplements ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Supplement Use ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Dietary Supplement Use ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

Cvd Mortality

The use of dietary supplements has increased substantially in most industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the association between use of dietary supplements and all-cause mortality, cancer mortality and CVD mortality in men. We used the population-based prospective cohort of 38 994 men from central Sweden, 45–79 years of age, with no cancer or CVD at baseline and who completed a self-administered FFQ including questions on dietary supplement use and life-style factors in 1997. During average 7.7 years of follow-up, 3403 deaths were ascertained; among them, 771 due to cancer and 930 due to CVD (during 5.9 years of follow-up). In multivariate adjusted models including all men there was no association observed between use of any dietary supplement or of multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E or fish oil specifically and all-cause mortality, cancer or CVD mortality. Among current smokers, regular use of any supplement was associated with statistically significant increased risk of cancer mortality: relative risk (RR) 1·46 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·99). Among men reporting an inadequate diet at baseline (assessed by Recommended Food Score), there was a statistically significant inverse association between use of any dietary supplement and CVD mortality (RR 0·72; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·91), no associations were observed among men with adequate diets. In conclusion, we cannot exclude that the use of dietary supplements is harmful for smokers. On the other hand, among men with an insufficient diet, the use of supplements might be beneficial in reducing CVD mortality.

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Unhealthy Lifestyle, Genetics and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in 76,958 Individuals from the UK Biobank Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4283

Author(s):

Katherine M. Livingstone ◽

Gavin Abbott ◽

Joey Ward ◽

Steven J. Bowe

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Polygenic Risk Score ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The Uk ◽

Cvd Mortality

To examine associations of unhealthy lifestyle and genetics with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. We used data on 76,958 adults from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Favourable lifestyle included no overweight/obesity, not smoking, physical activity, not sedentary, healthy diet and adequate sleep. A Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) was derived using 300 CVD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) were used to model effects of lifestyle and PRS on risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, stroke and MI. New CVD (n = 364) and all-cause (n = 2408) deaths, and stroke (n = 748) and MI (n = 1140) events were observed during a 7.8 year mean follow-up. An unfavourable lifestyle (0–1 healthy behaviours) was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.73, 2.45), CVD mortality (HR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.64, 3.76), MI (HR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.65, 2.72) and stroke (HR:1.74; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.43) compared to a favourable lifestyle (≥4 healthy behaviours). PRS was associated with MI (HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.43). There was evidence of a lifestyle-genetics interaction for stroke (p = 0.017). Unfavourable lifestyle behaviours predicted higher risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, MI and stroke, independent of genetic risk.

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Underweight and mortality

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001500302x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1751-1756 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joo Young Lee ◽

Hyeon Chang Kim ◽

Changsoo Kim ◽

Keeho Park ◽

Song Vogue Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Reverse Causation ◽

Men And Women ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Per Se ◽

Never Smokers ◽

Smoking And Health

AbstractObjectiveAccording to most prospective studies, being underweight (BMI<18·5 kg/m2) is associated with significantly higher mortality than being of normal weight, especially among smokers. We aimed to explore in a generally lean population whether being underweight is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingKorea Medical Insurance Corporation study with 14 years of follow-up.SubjectsAfter excluding deaths within the first 5 years of follow-up (1993–1997) to minimize reverse causation and excluding participants without information about smoking and health status, 94 133 men and 48 496 women aged 35–59 years in 1990 were included.ResultsWe documented 5411 (5·7 %) deaths in men and 762 (1·6 %) in women. Among never smokers, hazard ratios (HR) for underweight individuals were not significantly higher than those for normal-weight individuals (BMI=18·5–22·9 kg/m2): HR=0·87 (95 % CI 0·41, 1·84, P=0·72) for underweight men and HR=1·12 (95 % CI 0·76, 1·65, P=0·58) for underweight women. Among ex-smokers, HR=0·86 (95 % CI 0·38, 1·93, P=0·72) for underweight men and HR=3·77 (95 % CI 0·42, 32·29, P=0·24) for underweight women. Among current smokers, HR=1·60 (95 % CI 1·28, 2·01, P<0·001) for underweight men and HR=2·07 (95 % CI 0·43, 9·94, P=0·36) for underweight women.ConclusionsThe present study does not support that being underweight per se is associated with increased all-cause mortality in Korean men and women.

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Abstract 11597: Voluntary and Occupational Physical Activity Have Different Effects on Mortality

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.11597 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Martin Bahls ◽

Sebastian Baumeister ◽

Henry Völzke ◽

Sven Gläser ◽

Michael Leitzmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Large Population ◽

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Reduced Risk ◽

Cvd Mortality

Introduction: Animal studies suggest oppositional effects for voluntary and involuntary physical activity (PA). To assess this in humans, we used distinct domains of PA (sports, leisure time, work) as well as physical fitness and associated these variables with all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) and cancer mortality in a large population-based cohort. Methods: Data of 2,925 participants from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1) were used [median age: 48 (interquartile range (IQR): 35, 62) years (y), 52% [[female symbol]]]. All-cause and cause-specific mortality was determined after a median follow-up of 7.0 y (IQR: 5.6 - 6.2). A Sports index (SI), Leisure Time index (LTI) and Work index (WI) were assessed using a modified Baecke questionnaire. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak), oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT), and maximal work load (Wmax) were measured on a bicycle ergometer during symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Cox models were adjusted for sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, years of schooling, income, and body mass index. Results: A total of 156 subjects died due to all-cause, 53 due to CVD and 50 due to cancer after follow-up. After adjustment, SI [hazard ratio (HR) per SD: 0.27; 95%-confidence interval (CI): 0.13; 0.55] and LTI (HR per SD: 0.34; 95%-CI: 0.15; 0.77) were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. WI was not associated with all-cause mortality. SI was associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality (HR: 0.26; 95%-CI: 0.07; 0.96). All CPET measures were significantly related to reduced risk of all-cause and cancer mortality (VO2peak - all-cause HR per SD: 0.007; 95%-CI: 0.001; 0.057 and cancer HR per SD: 0.011; 95%-CI: 0.005; 0.210; VO2@AT - all-cause HR per SD: 0.047; 95%-CI: 0.001; 0.028 and cancer HR per SD: 0.052; 95%-CI: 0.004; 0.073; Wmax - all-cause HR per SD: 0.012; 95%-CI: 0.002; 0.074 and cancer HR per SD: 0.01; 95%-CI: 0.0007; 0.166). Conclusion: Voluntary PA was associated with a reduced risk for all-cause and CVD mortality, while occupational PA was not. Exercise capacity was inversely related to all-cause and cancer mortality. Our results indicate that the benefits of PA may be limited to voluntary PA. Thus, questionnaires need to differentiate between voluntary and occupational PA.

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Association between Urinary Cadmium-to-Zinc Intake Ratio and Adult Mortality in a Follow-Up Study of NHANES 1988–1994 and 1999–2004

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Kijoon Kim ◽

Melissa M. Melough ◽

Junichi R. Sakaki ◽

Kyungho Ha ◽

Dalia Marmash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Mortality ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Urinary Cadmium ◽

Toxic Heavy Metal ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cvd Mortality ◽

Intake Ratio

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal associated with increased mortality, but the effect of zinc (Zn) intake on the association between Cd and mortality is unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the association of urinary Cd to Zn intake ratio (Cd/Zn ratio) and mortality risk. In total, 15642 US adults in NHANES 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 were followed until 2011 (15-year mean follow-up). Of the 5367 total deaths, 1194 were attributed to cancer and 1677 were attributed to CVD. After adjustment for potential confounders, positive associations were observed between urinary Cd and all-cause mortality (HR for highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.14–1.68) and cancer mortality (HR: 1.54; CI: 1.05–2.27). Urinary Cd was positively associated with cancer mortality among the lowest Zn consumers, and the association diminished among the highest Zn consumers. Positive relationships were observed between the Cd/Zn ratio and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.54; CI: 1.23–1.93), cancer mortality (HR: 1.65; CI: 1.11–2.47) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.49; CI: 1.18–1.88). In conclusion, these findings indicate that Zn intake may modify the association between Cd and mortality. Furthermore, the Cd/Zn ratio, which was positively associated with mortality from all causes, cancer, and CVD, may be an important predictor of mortality.

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Blood pressure, frailty status, and all-cause mortality in elderly hypertensives; The Nambu Cohort Study

Hypertension Research ◽

10.1038/s41440-021-00769-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Taku Inoue ◽

Mitsuteru Matsuoka ◽

Tetsuji Shinjo ◽

Masahiro Tamashiro ◽

Kageyuki Oba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Frailty Status ◽

Frail Patients ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship ◽

Elderly Hypertensives

AbstractAntihypertensive therapy is pivotal for reducing cardiovascular events. The 2019 Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension set a target blood pressure (BP) of <140/90 mmHg for persons older than 75 years of age. Optimal BP levels for older persons with frailty, however, are controversial because evidence for the relationship between BP level and prognosis by frailty status is limited. Here, we evaluated the relationship between systolic BP and frailty status with all-cause mortality in ambulatory older hypertensive patients using data from the Nambu Cohort study. A total of 535 patients (age 78 [70–84] years, 51% men, 37% with frailty) were prospectively followed for a mean duration of 41 (34–43) months. During the follow-up period, 49 patients died. Mortality rates stratified by systolic BP and frailty status were lowest in patients with systolic BP < 140 mmHg and non-frailty, followed by those with systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and non-frailty. Patients with frailty had the highest mortality regardless of the BP level. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of each category for all-cause mortality were as follows: ≥140 mmHg/Non-frailty 3.19 (1.12–11.40), <140 mmHg/Frailty 4.72 (1.67–16.90), and ≥140 mmHg/Frailty 3.56 (1.16–13.40) compared with <140 mmHg/Non-frailty as a reference. These results indicated that frail patients have a poor prognosis regardless of their BP levels. Non-frail patients, however, with systolic BP levels <140 mmHg had a better prognosis. Frailty may be a marker to differentiate patients who are likely to gain benefit from antihypertensive medication among older hypertensives.

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Masticatory Capacity and Mortality: The Preventive and Clinical Investigation Center (IPC) Cohort Study

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034519889021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 152-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Darnaud ◽

F. Thomas ◽

N. Danchin ◽

P. Boutouyrie ◽

P. Bouchard

Keyword(s):

Cancer Mortality ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Masticatory Efficiency ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Adjusted Model

Poor oral health (OH) has been associated with mortality, but the association between OH components and mortality remains imprecise. The present observational study aimed to investigate if there is an association between oral masticatory efficiency and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in a large French subject cohort. The study was based on a cohort of 85,830 subjects aged between 16 and 94 y at recruitment. The follow-up extended from 2001 to 2014 and the mean follow-up was 8.06 ± 2.73 y. The number of deaths totaled 1,670. Full-mouth examinations were performed. Dental plaque, dental calculus, gingival inflammation, missing teeth, and masticatory units were recorded. Masticatory units represent the number of natural or prosthetic opposing premolars and molar pairs and can be considered an accurate indicator for masticatory efficiency. Causes of death were ascertained from death certificates. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). In the fully adjusted model, the number of masticatory units <5 is associated with an HR of 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54 to 1.91) for all-cause mortality, HR of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.99) for CV mortality, HR of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.15) for cancer mortality, and HR of 1.85 (95% CI, 1.55 to 2.20) for non-CV and noncancer mortality. Significant statistical associations with the other oral variables were also found for all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and non-CV and noncancer mortality in the adjusted models. Our study indicates that after full adjustment, all oral parameters are associated with all-cause, cancer, and non-CV and noncancer mortality. However, the low number of masticatory units is associated with an increased risk of CV mortality. We highlight the association of masticatory units and CV mortality.

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