scholarly journals Impact of oat processing on glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy humans: a randomised clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. S. Wolever ◽  
Jodee Johnson ◽  
Alexandra L. Jenkins ◽  
Janice C. Campbell ◽  
Adish Ezatagha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Healthy Males ◽  
Meal Consumption

AbstractOats can be processed in a variety of ways ranging from minimally processed such as steel-cut oats (SCO), to mildly processed such as large-flake oats (old fashioned oats, OFO), moderately processed such as instant oats (IO) or highly processed in ready-to-eat oat cereals such as Honey Nut Cheerios (HNC). Although processing is believed to increase glycaemic and insulinaemic responses, the effect of oat processing in these respects is unclear. Thus, we compared the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses elicited by 628 kJ portions of SCO, OFO, IO and HNC and a portion of Cream of Rice cereal (CR) containing the same amount of available-carbohydrate (23 g) as the oatmeals. Healthy males (n 18) and females (n 12) completed this randomised, cross-over trial. Blood was taken fasting and at intervals for 3 h following test-meal consumption. Glucose and insulin peak-rises and incremental AUC (iAUC) were subjected to repeated-measures ANOVA using Tukey’s test (two-sided P<0·05) to compare individual means. Glucose peak-rise (primary endpoint, mean (sem) mmol/l) after OFO, 2·19 (sem 0·11), was significantly less than after CR, 2·61 (sem 0·13); and glucose peak-rise after SCO, 1·93 (sem 0·13), was significantly less than after CR, HNC, 2·49 (sem 0·13) and IO 2·47 (sem 0·13). Glucose iAUC was significantly lower after SCO than CR and HNC. Insulin peak rise was similar among the test meals, but insulin iAUC was significantly less after SCO than IO. Thus, the results show that oat processing affects glycaemic and insulinaemic responses with lower responses associated with less processing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of Vitamin C on Epithelialization of Burn Wounds: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammd Haddadi ◽  
Elaheh Jaghouri ◽  
Davood Robat Sarpooshi ◽  
Fateme Ghobadi ◽  
Hamid Robat Sarpooshi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of topical vitamin C on second-degree burn wounds restoration. This was a clinical trial. The sample size was determined as 30. Participants were selected from patients suffering from second-degree burns who visited the Burn Center of Vaseei Hospital in Sabzevar. Both intervention and control groups targeted one patient.Dressing was changed in a daily manner after cleansing. A topical vitamin C solution was administered on the wounds. The Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool was used to evaluate burn wound parameters in the 1 st , 3 rd , 7 th , and 14 th days of treatment. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.16 and ‘’repeated measures ANOVA. Results The average age of participants was 43.33 ± 11.9 years and 60% of the participants were males and 40% of them were females. The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in mean scores of the wound between the two treatments (P = 0.047), wound healing significantly differed in the two groups and topical vitamin C solution had a significant effect on the acceleration of wound Epithelialization. The administration of topical vitamin C is recommended for epithelialization of second-degree burns.

Kangaroo Care Compared to Incubators in Maintaining Body Warmth in Preterm Infants

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Ludington-Hoe ◽  
Nhuha Nguyen ◽  
Joan Y. Swinth ◽  
Rosemarie D. Satyshur
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Kangaroo Care ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
Body Heat

Many preterm infants cared for in incubators do not experience Kangaroo Care (KC), skin-to-skin contact with their mothers, due to fear of body heat loss when being held outside the incubator. A randomized clinical trial of 16 KC and 13 control infants using a pretest-test-posttest design of three consecutive interfeeding intervals of 2.5 to 3.0 h duration each was conducted over 1 day. Infant abdominal and toe temperatures were measured in and out of the incubator; maternal breast temperature was measured during KC. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no change in abdominal temperature across all periods and between groups. Toe temperatures were significantly higher during KC than incubator periods, and maternal breast temperature met each infant’s neutral thermal zone requirements within 5 min of onset of KC. Preterm infants similar to those studied here will maintain body warmth with up to 3 h of KC.

Atomoxetine in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope for preventing vasovagal attacks and improvement of depression and anxiety: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tajdini ◽  
A Aminorroaya ◽  
H Tavolinejad ◽  
S Tofighi ◽  
A Jalali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vasovagal Syncope ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

Abstract Background Studies showed that sibutramine or reboxetine reduced head-up tilt (HUT)-induced syncope and pre-syncope by 78%. Furthermore, in an open-label series of highly symptomatic patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS), sibutramine reduced frequency of vasovagal spells. In a recent proof of principle study, atomoxetine reduced number of HUT-induced syncopal episodes by about 50% compared to placebo. Purpose In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of atomoxetine on preventing recurrence of syncopal and pre-syncopal episodes in patients with recurrent VVS after three months of follow-up. Moreover, we determined whether it can improve patients' anxiety and depression. Methods In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, we screened 843 patients with VVS. Patients with 10 < age < 70 years who had ≥3 syncopal episodes in the past three months were included. Eventually, 46 patients were randomized to receive atomoxetine (20 mg daily for two weeks followed by 40 mg daily for two weeks, N=23) or placebo (for four weeks, N=23). The primary endpoint was the number of syncopal and pre-syncopal episodes at one and three months and was analyzed by the repeated measures analysis of variance. Secondary endpoints were decrements of depression and anxiety measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale after three months and were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The primary endpoint was lower after three months in the atomoxetine arm (2.3±1.3 vs 4.3±1.7), with a significant between-subjects effect by atomoxetine versus placebo (P<0.001). This observation was primarily due to the reduction of pre-syncopal episodes rather than syncopal episodes (P<0.001 vs P=0.944, respectively, Table). In contrast with placebo, atomoxetine significantly improved anxiety (P=0.048 vs P=0.352) and depression (P=0.001 vs P=0.206) after three months; nonetheless, anxiety and depression scores of the patients were not different across the groups after three months (P>0.05, Figure). Conclusions In patients with VVS, atomoxetine significantly reduced the recurrence of a composite of syncopal and pre-syncopal episodes, and remarkably improved anxiety and depression at three months. Anxiety and Depression of the Patients Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Tehran University of Medical Sciences

scholarly journals Anaesthetic Efficacy of 4% Articaine in Comparison with 2% Lidocaine as Intraligamentary Injections after an Ineffective Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Mandibular Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective Randomised Triple-Blind Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nazanin Zargar ◽  
Elnaz Shooshtari ◽  
Leila Pourmusavi ◽  
Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban ◽  
Hengameh Ashraaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

The objective of the current study was to compare the anaesthetic efficacy of supplemental intraligamentary (IL) injection of 4% articaine with that of 2% lidocaine in the mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis after an ineffective inferior alveolar nerve block injection (IANB) using the same anaesthetic in a randomised triple-blind clinical trial. Seventy-six adult patients, who were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular first or second molars, were divided into 2 groups and received IANB randomly. In patients with lip numbness, anaesthesia was evaluated with the cold and electrical pulp (EPT) tests, and if the reported number on EPT was below 100, supplemental IL injection was administered using the same anaesthetic. The teeth were retested after 5 minutes. The Heft–Parker visual analogue scale was used to evaluate pain after IANB and IL injections. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA, chi-square, and independent-sample and paired-sample t-tests. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the success rates of supplemental IL and IANB injections between articaine and lidocaine. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the success rates of supplemental IL injection with lidocaine between the mandibular first and second molars. However, there was a significant difference in the success rates of supplemental IL injection with articaine between the mandibular first and second molars. Moreover, supplemental IL injections indicated no significant difference in the anaesthetic efficacy between articaine and lidocaine; nevertheless, they were more effective in the mandibular second molars, especially with articaine.

scholarly journals C-MAC D-Blade vs Airtraq for Intubation with Manual Inline Axial Stabilisation- A Randomised Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikitha Mani ◽  
Nagalakshmi Palanisamy ◽  
Mamie Zachariah ◽  
Sagiev Koshy George ◽  
Allen Aloysius Dsilva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Macintosh Laryngoscope ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
P Value ◽  
Laryngoscopic View ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Intergroup Comparison

Introduction: One of the most important skills in anaesthesia is securing the airway with an endotracheal tube. Difficult tracheal intubation however is considered one of the major contributors of anaesthesia related morbidity and mortality. Video laryngoscopy offers several advantages during endotracheal intubation. The view of the glottis provided by Videolaryngoscopes is better compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope in difficult airways which makes it more attractive for routine difficult airway intubations. Aim: To compare the time taken for intubation between two Videolaryngoscopes, namely C-MAC D-blade and Airtraq and to assess the quality of laryngoscopy view between the two groups. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised clinical trial conducted in 116 American Society of Anesthesiologists 1 (ASA1) and ASA2 patients undergoing elective surgeries in Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences. Patients are randomised into two groups, Group C-MAC D-blade and Group Airtraq by computer randomisation. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, Repeated measures of ANOVA was used to find the significance from preinduction to 10 mins period for each group and Bonferoni’s correction for intergroup comparison. Results: The time taken for intubation was comparable in two study groups (Group C-MAC D-blade 41.88 secs) and (Group Airtraq -40.78 sec) with p-value of 0.734. Laryngoscopic view was not statistically significant with p-value of 0.083. Optimisation maneuvers were required in 63.8% in Group Airtraq on comparison with 44.8% in Group C-MAC D-blade. In both Group C-MAC D-blade and Group Airtraq, there was a significant rise in the heart rate and BP at 0 minute compared to preinduction. But after 5 minutes, the heart rate and BP were back to preinduction values. Conclusion: Both the Videolaryngoscopes, C-MAC D-blade and Airtraq performed equally, with respect to time taken for intubation and laryngoscopic view. However, External Laryngeal Manipulation (ELM) was required more in Group Airtraq and was statistically significant.

scholarly journals Staged angioplasty versus regular carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis at high risk of hyperperfusion: a randomised clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. svn-2020-000391
Author(s):  
Dapeng Mo ◽  
Baixue Jia ◽  
Huaizhang Shi ◽  
Yaxuan Sun ◽  
Qingan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenting ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Absolute Risk Reduction ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Registration Number

Background and purposeHyperperfusion (HP) is a devastating complication associated with carotid artery stenting (CAS) or endarterectomy. The efficacy and safety of staged angioplasty (SAP) in patients with CAS at high risk of HP remains unclear. We sought to determine whether SAP is superior to regular CAS in patients with high risk of HP.MethodsA randomised, multicentre open-label clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment (STEP) was conducted. Patients with severe carotid stenosis at high risk of HP were randomly assigned (1:1) to the SAP or regular CAS group. The primary endpoint was hyperperfusion syndrome (HPS) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) within 30 days after the procedure.ResultsFrom November 2014 to January 2017, a total of 64 patients were enrolled in 11 centres. 33 patients were allocated to the SAP group and 31 to the regular CAS group. At 30 days, the rate of primary endpoint was 0.0% (0/33) in the SAP group and 9.7% (3/31) in the regular CAS group (absolute risk reduction (ARR), 9.7%; 95% CI −20.1% to 0.7%; p=0.11). As one of the secondary endpoints, the incidence of HP phenomenon (HPP) was lower in the SAP group than the regular CAS group (0.0% vs 22.6%, ARR,−22.6%; 95% CI −36.8% to −10.2%; p=0.04).ConclusionThe rate of HPS and ICH was not significantly lower in SAP group; the extended secondary endpoint of HPP, however, significantly reduced, which suggested that SAP may be a safe and effective carotid revascularisation procedure to prevent HP.Trial registration numberNCT02224209.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure Changes with Topical Dexamethasone 0.1%, Prednisolone 1% and Difluprednate 0.05% Postcataract Surgery- A Randomised Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachit Mahajan ◽  
Sanjay Kai ◽  
Sadaf Choudhary ◽  
Kiran Bala ◽  
Bhavna Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis

Introduction: Topical corticosteroids are most commonly used for the control of postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. Topical steroids may cause increase in Intraocular Pressure (IOP) which, if left untreated may lead to progressive optic nerve damage and glaucomatous field defects. Aim: To compare the ocular hypertensive response of three commonly used corticosteroids in an effort to generate evidence for managing postcataract surgery inflammation more effectively. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was carried out for a period of one year from November 2018 to October 2019, among 150 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Patients were divided into three groups. Group A-50 patients received topical dexamethasone 0.1%, Group B-50 patients received topical prednisolone 1% and Group C-50 patients received topical difluprednate 0.05% four times a day for six weeks after cataract surgery. Postoperative IOP was recorded preoperatively, on first postoperative day and at the end of first week, third week and sixth week with non contact tonometer and statistical significance was assessed with the help of repeated measures mixed model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.4±9.39 years, 48% were males and 52% patients were females. Mean IOP in the three drug groups was not statistically significant at 1st week, 3rd week and at 6th week after cataract surgery. Two patients belonging to difluprednate group at the end of 1st week and one patient at the end of 3rd week after cataract surgery developed significant rise in IOP (>31 mmHg). Conclusion: It can be concluded that all three steroids were equally safe and did not cause any statistically significant rise in IOP over six-week postoperative period. However, higher values were noted in difluprednate group at the end of first and third week after cataract surgery.

One Size Fits All?

Methodology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Patrick E. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Latent Curve

The use of latent curve models (LCMs) has increased almost exponentially during the last decade. Oftentimes, researchers regard LCM as a “new” method to analyze change with little attention paid to the fact that the technique was originally introduced as an “alternative to standard repeated measures ANOVA and first-order auto-regressive methods” (Meredith & Tisak, 1990, p. 107). In the first part of the paper, this close relationship is reviewed, and it is demonstrated how “traditional” methods, such as the repeated measures ANOVA, and MANOVA, can be formulated as LCMs. Given that latent curve modeling is essentially a large-sample technique, compared to “traditional” finite-sample approaches, the second part of the paper addresses the question to what degree the more flexible LCMs can actually replace some of the older tests by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, a structural equation modeling alternative to Mauchly’s (1940) test of sphericity is explored. Although “traditional” methods may be expressed as special cases of more general LCMs, we found the equivalence holds only asymptotically. For practical purposes, however, no approach always outperformed the other alternatives in terms of power and type I error, so the best method to be used depends on the situation. We provide detailed recommendations of when to use which method.

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