Reproductive state and choline intake influence enrichment of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: a post hoc analysis of a controlled feeding trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1229
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Klatt ◽  
Melissa Q. McDougall ◽  
Olga V. Malysheva ◽  
J. Thomas Brenna ◽  
Mark S. Roberson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Major Facilitator ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Dietary Choline

AbstractThe major facilitator superfamily domain 2a protein was identified recently as a lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) symporter with high affinity for LPC species enriched with DHA (LPC-DHA). To test the hypothesis that reproductive state and choline intake influence plasma LPC-DHA, we performed a post hoc analysis of samples available through 10 weeks of a previously conducted feeding study, which provided two doses of choline (480 and 930 mg/d) to non-pregnant (n 21), third-trimester pregnant (n 26), and lactating (n 24) women; all participants consumed 200 mg of supplemental DHA and 22 % of their daily choline intake as 2H-labelled choline. The effects of reproductive state and choline intake on total LPC-DHA (expressed as a percentage of LPC) and plasma enrichments of labelled LPC and LPC-DHA were assessed using mixed and generalised linear models. Reproductive state interacted with time (P = 0·001) to influence total LPC-DHA, which significantly increased by week 10 in non-pregnant women, but not in pregnant or lactating women. Contrary to total LPC-DHA, patterns of labelled LPC-DHA enrichments were discordant between pregnant and lactating women (P < 0·05), suggestive of unique, reproductive state-specific mechanisms that result in reduced production and/or enhanced clearance of LPC-DHA during pregnancy and lactation. Regardless of the reproductive state, women consuming 930 v. 480 mg choline per d exhibited no change in total LPC-DHA but higher d3-LPC-DHA (P = 0·02), indicating that higher choline intakes favour the production of LPC-DHA from the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Our results warrant further investigation into the effect of reproductive state and dietary choline on LPC-DHA dynamics and its contribution to DHA status.

scholarly journals Estimation of choline intake from 24 h dietary intake recalls and contribution of egg and milk consumption to intake among pregnant and lactating women in Alberta

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin D. Lewis ◽  
Fatheema B. Subhan ◽  
Rhonda C. Bell ◽  
Linda J. McCargar ◽  
Jonathan M. Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Dietary Choline

Despite recommendations for higher choline intakes during pregnancy and lactation, there is limited research regarding maternal intake during these important periods. In the present study, we estimated dietary choline intake during pregnancy and lactation in a population of Albertan women and the contribution of egg and milk consumption to intake. Dietary intake data were collected from the first 600 women enrolled in a prospective cohort study carried out in Alberta, Canada. During the first and/or second trimester, the third trimester and 3 months postpartum, 24 h dietary intake recall data were collected. A database was constructed including foods consumed by the cohort and used to estimate dietary choline intake. The mean total choline intake value during pregnancy was 347 (sd149) mg/d, with 23 % of the participants meeting the adequate intake (AI) recommendation. During lactation, the mean total choline intake value was 346 (sd151) mg/d, with 10 % of the participants meeting the AI recommendation. Phosphatidylcholine was the form of choline consumed in the highest proportion and the main dietary sources of choline were dairy products, eggs and meat. Women who consumed at least one egg in a 24 h period had higher (P< 0·001) total choline intake and were eight times more likely (95 % CI 5·2, 12·6) to meet choline intake recommendations compared with those who did not consume eggs during pregnancy. Women who reported consuming ≥ 500 ml of milk in a 24 h period were 2·8 times more likely (95 % CI 1·7, 4·8) to meet daily choline intake recommendations compared with those consuming < 250 ml of milk/d during pregnancy. Choline intake is below the recommendation levels in this population and the promotion of both egg and milk consumption may assist in meeting the daily choline intake recommendations.

scholarly journals Associations Between Maternal Dietary Choline Intake During Pregnancy and Developmental Outcomes in Toddlers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 980-980
Author(s):  
Kindann Fawcett ◽  
Clark Sims ◽  
Rosemary Gaitliff ◽  
Ginger McCorkle ◽  
Jayne Bellando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Dietary Choline

Abstract Objectives Recent studies indicate that adequate choline intake in pregnancy results in increased cognitive, motor, language, and behavioral scores in toddlers. The objective was to examine the relationship between maternal choline intake during pregnancy and children's developmental scores during the first two years of life. Methods De-identified secondary data from a longitudinal study (NCT#0,328,1851) involving women with normal weight, overweight, and class I obesity (BMI:18.5- 35 kg/m,2 N = 251) during pregnancy and their children were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and linear models. Dietary choline intake was obtained by analyzing 3-day food records at each trimester using the Nutrient Data System for Research. Cognitive, motor, language, social emotional, and adaptive behavioral scores at 1 and 2 years of age were derived from the administration of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Results Adequate Intake (AI) for average maternal choline intake was only met by 4 of the 251 participants. Mean intake of maternal choline during pregnancy (281 mg/day) was significantly lower than the AI level of pregnant women (AI = 450 mg/day). Mean standard scores for Bayley-III domains were all within the normal range (102 for cognitive, 101 for motor, 96 for language, 109 for social-emotional, and 94 for adaptive behavior). Higher maternal choline intake yielded lower adaptive development at 12 months of age (P &lt; 0.001) and 24 months of age (P = 0.044) after adjusting for gestational age and birthweight. There were no associations between maternal choline intake and cognitive, motor, language and social-emotional scores at both ages. Conclusions In this cohort from Arkansas, maternal choline intake was not associated with four of the children's neurodevelopmental outcomes. Maternal Choline intake was negatively associated with the self-reported adaptive behavior scope, which is in contrast to previously published literature. It is important to note that infant development scores were all within normal range despite 98% of women not meeting the AI recommendations for dietary choline during pregnancy. Analyses of choline serum concentration from this cohort is underway to confirm these results. Funding Sources USDA ARS Project # 6026–51,000-012–06S, NIH R01 DK107516.

scholarly journals Habitual Choline Intakes across the Childbearing Years: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4390
Author(s):  
Emma Derbyshire ◽  
Rima Obeid ◽  
Christiane Schön
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Global Food

Choline is an important nutrient during the first 1000 days post conception due to its roles in brain function. An increasing number of studies have measured choline intakes at the population level. We collated the evidence focusing on habitual choline intakes in the preconceptual, pregnancy, and lactation life stages. We conducted a review including studies published from 2004 to 2021. Twenty-six relevant publications were identified. After excluding studies with a high choline intake (>400 mg/day; two studies) or low choline intake (<200 mg/day; one study), average choline intake in the remaining 23 studies ranged from 233 mg/day to 383 mg/day, even with the inclusion of choline from supplements. Intakes were not higher in studies among pregnant and lactating women compared with studies in nonpregnant women. To conclude, during the childbearing years and across the globe, habitual intakes of choline from foods alone and foods and supplements combined appear to be consistently lower than the estimated adequate intakes for this target group. Urgent measures are needed to (1) improve the quality of choline data in global food composition databases, (2) encourage the reporting of choline intakes in dietary surveys, (3) raise awareness about the role(s) of choline in foetal–maternal health, and (4) consider formally advocating the use of choline supplements in women planning a pregnancy, pregnant, or lactating.

scholarly journals Dietary Choline Intake and Choline Concentrations of Plasma and Breast Milk of Some Korean Lactating Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young‐Jin Chung ◽  
Han‐Ok Jeong ◽  
Jin‐Seok Na
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Dietary Choline

scholarly journals Reproductive state and choline intake influence enrichment of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: a post-hoc analysis of a controlled feeding trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-120
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Klatt ◽  
Melissa Q. McDougall ◽  
Olga V. Malysheva ◽  
J. Thomas Brenna ◽  
Mark S. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive State ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Post Hoc

scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Uncovers the Essential Lysine Transporter in Toxoplasma gondii

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Joachim Kloehn ◽  
Matteo Lunghi ◽  
Emmanuel Varesio ◽  
David Dubois ◽  
Dominique Soldati-Favre
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Major Facilitator ◽  
Plasma Membrane Transporter

Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for devastating diseases, including malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Current treatments are limited by emerging resistance to, as well as the high cost and toxicity of existing drugs. As obligate intracellular parasites, apicomplexans rely on the uptake of many essential metabolites from their host. Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is auxotrophic for several metabolites, including sugars (e.g., myo-inositol), amino acids (e.g., tyrosine), lipidic compounds and lipid precursors (cholesterol, choline), vitamins, cofactors (thiamine) and others. To date, only few apicomplexan metabolite transporters have been characterized and assigned a substrate. Here, we set out to investigate whether untargeted metabolomics can be used to identify the substrate of an uncharacterized transporter. Based on existing genome- and proteome-wide datasets, we have identified an essential plasma membrane transporter of the major facilitator superfamily in T. gondii—previously termed TgApiAT6-1. Using an inducible system based on RNA degradation, TgApiAT6-1 was depleted, and the mutant parasite’s metabolome was compared to that of non-depleted parasites. The most significantly reduced metabolite in parasites depleted in TgApiAT6-1 was identified as the amino acid lysine, for which T. gondii is predicted to be auxotrophic. Using stable isotope-labeled amino acids, we confirmed that TgApiAT6-1 is required for efficient lysine uptake. Our findings highlight untargeted metabolomics as a powerful tool to identify the substrate of orphan transporters.

scholarly journals Structural basis of inhibition of a transporter from Staphylococcus aureus, NorC, through a single-domain camelid antibody

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushant Kumar ◽  
Arunabh Athreya ◽  
Ashutosh Gulati ◽  
Rahul Mony Nair ◽  
Ithayaraja Mahendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Complementarity Determining Regions ◽  
Major Facilitator ◽  
Alternating Access

AbstractTransporters play vital roles in acquiring antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we report the X-ray structure of NorC, a 14-transmembrane major facilitator superfamily member that is implicated in fluoroquinolone resistance in drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, at a resolution of 3.6 Å. The NorC structure was determined in complex with a single-domain camelid antibody that interacts at the extracellular face of the transporter and stabilizes it in an outward-open conformation. The complementarity determining regions of the antibody enter and block solvent access to the interior of the vestibule, thereby inhibiting alternating-access. NorC specifically interacts with an organic cation, tetraphenylphosphonium, although it does not demonstrate an ability to transport it. The interaction is compromised in the presence of NorC-antibody complex, consequently establishing a strategy to detect and block NorC and related transporters through the use of single-domain camelid antibodies.

Dietary Choline Intake during Pregnancy and PEMT rs7946 Polymorphism on Risk of Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Yu-Hong Liu ◽  
Xiang-Long He ◽  
Martin Kohlmeier ◽  
Li-Li Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
Choline Intake ◽  
Dietary Choline ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Introduction and Aims:</i></b> Choline-metabolizing genetic variation may interact with choline intake on fetal programming and pregnancy outcome. This case-control study aims to explore the association of maternal choline consumption and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene polymorphism rs7946 with preterm birth risk. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 145 Han Chinese women with preterm delivery and 157 Han Chinese women with term delivery were recruited in Shanghai. Dietary choline intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, DNA samples were genotyped for PEMT rs7946 (G5465A) with plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared with the lowest quartile of choline intake, women within the highest consumption quartile had adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for preterm birth of 0.48 (95% confidence interval, CI [0.24, 0.95]). There was a significant interaction between maternal choline intake and PEMT rs7946 (<i>p</i> for interaction = 0.04), where the AA genotype carriers who consumed the energy-adjusted choline &#x3c;255.01 mg/day had aOR for preterm birth of 3.75 (95% CI [1.24, 11.35]), compared to those with GG genotype and choline intake &#x3e;255.01 mg/day during pregnancy. Additionally, the greatest elevated plasma Hcy was found in the cases with AA genotype and choline consumption &#x3c;255.01 mg/day (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The AA genotype of PEMT rs7946 may be associated with increased preterm birth in these Han Chinese women with low choline intake during pregnancy.

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