Higher adherence to an empirically derived Mediterranean dietary pattern is positively associated with telomere length: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) project

Abstract Telomere integrity is influenced by oxidative stress. Also, inflammation-related factors, including nutritional factors, could modulate telomere integrity. The relationship between a posteriori-derived dietary patterns and telomere length (TL) has been scarcely investigated. Thus, our objective was to examine the association between empirically derived dietary patterns ascertained through principal component analysis (PCA) and TL in an older adult Spanish population. A total of 886 older adults (>55 years old; 645 males and 241 females) from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort were included in the study. TL was measured by monochrome multiplex real-time quantitative PCR. Age-adjusted TL was used for all analyses. Dietary patterns were identified by PCA based on thirty predefined candidate food groups collected from a validated 136-food items frequency questionnaire. Generalised linear models were fitted to obtain β-coefficients and their 95 % CI evaluating differences in TL between each of the four upper quintiles of adherence to dietary patterns and the lowest quintile. Sensitivity analyses by rerunning all multiple linear models under different stratifications were performed to evaluate the robustness of our results. Two major dietary patterns were empirically identified, Western dietary pattern (WDP) and Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP). After adjustment for potential confounders, longer TL was found among subjects in the highest quintile of MDP (β = 0·064; 95 % CI 0·004, 0·123). The WDP showed no significant association with TL. In conclusion, higher adherence to a posteriori-derived MDP was independently associated with longer telomeres in an older adult Spanish population of the SUN project.

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Global sustainability (health, environment and monetary costs) of three dietary patterns: results from a Spanish cohort (the SUN project)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021541 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e021541 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ujué Fresán ◽

Miguel Angel Martínez-González ◽

Joan Sabaté ◽

Maira Bes-Rastrollo

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Composite Endpoint ◽

University Graduates ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

Environmental Footprints ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Sun Project

ObjectiveTo evaluate the sustainability of the dietary patterns, according to their effects on health and environment and their affordability.DesignProspective, ongoing cohort study of university graduates.SettingsThe Spanish SUN project (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Follow-up), starting from 1999.ParticipantsA total of 18 429 participants.MethodsInformation from participants is collected every 2 years by validated questionnaires. We assessed three dietary patterns (the Mediterranean, the Western and the Provegetarian dietary patterns). The rate advancement period (RAP) was used to assess the healthiness of each pattern (considering the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer or type 2 diabetes). We also assessed environmental footprints and monetary costs of each dietary pattern.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 10.1 years, we identified 469 incident cases of the composite endpoint. The Mediterranean dietary pattern exhibited the best RAP (3.10 years gained [95% CI 4.35 to 1.85] for the highest vs the lowest quartile), while the Western pattern was the unhealthiest pattern (1.33 years lost when comparing extreme quartiles). In a scale between 4 and 16 of harmful environmental effects (the lower, the more environmentally friendly), the Provegetarian pattern scored best (8.82 [95% CI 8.75 to 8.88] when comparing extreme quartiles), whereas the Western pattern was the most detrimental pattern (10.80 [95% CI 10.72 to 10.87]). Regarding monetary costs, the Western pattern was the most affordable pattern (€5.87/day [95% CI 5.82 to 5.93], for the upper quartile), while the Mediterranean pattern was the most expensive pattern (€7.52/day [95% CI 7.47 to 7.56]). The Mediterranean dietary pattern was the most overall sustainable option, closely followed by the Provegetarian pattern. The least overall sustainable pattern was the Western dietary pattern.ConclusionFollowing plant-based diets, like the Mediterranean or Provegetarian dietary patterns, could be a good option in order to achieve an overall sustainable diet.Trial registration numberNCT02669602; Results.

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A Priori and a Posteriori Dietary Patterns among Pregnant Women in Johannesburg, South Africa: The NuPED Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 565

Author(s):

Cornelia Conradie ◽

Jeannine Baumgartner ◽

Linda Malan ◽

Elizabeth A. Symington ◽

Marike Cockeran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

A Priori ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

A Posteriori ◽

Urban South ◽

Quality Diet ◽

Nutrient Patterns

Dietary pattern analyses allow assessment of the diet as a whole. Limited studies include both a priori and a posteriori dietary pattern analyses. This study aimed to explore the diet of pregnant women in urban South Africa through both a priori and a posteriori dietary pattern analyses and associated maternal and household factors. Dietary data were collected during early pregnancy using a quantified food frequency questionnaire from 250 pregnant women enrolled in the Nutrition During Pregnancy and Early Development (NuPED) cohort. A priori dietary patterns were determined using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and a posteriori nutrient patterns using exploratory factor analysis. Based on the DQI-I, the study population followed a borderline low-quality diet. Three a posteriori nutrient patterns were identified: Pattern 1 “plant protein, iron, thiamine, and folic acid”; pattern 2 “animal protein, copper, vitamin A, and vitamin B12”; pattern 3 “fatty acids and sodium”. Pattern 1 was associated with higher dietary quality (p < 0.001), lower maternal educational level (p = 0.03) and socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). Pattern 3 was significantly associated with lower dietary quality. The low dietary quality among pregnant women residing in urban South Africa should be addressed to ensure optimal maternal and offspring health outcomes.

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Abstract P515: Comparison of Dietary Measures Association With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Tison ◽

April P Carson ◽

James M Shikany ◽

Keith Pearson ◽

George Howard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

A Priori ◽

Incident Diabetes ◽

A Posteriori ◽

Regards Study ◽

Diet Score

Background: Previous studies have investigated the association of dietary patterns with risk of diabetes, but have not compared a priori and a posteriori dietary scores in the same diverse population. The objective of this study was to evaluate a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns associations with incident diabetes in the REGARDS study. Methods: This study included 8,875 Black and White adults with available dietary data, without diabetes (defined as fasting glucose>=126 mg/dL, random glucose>=200 mg/dL, or use of diabetes medications) at baseline (2003-2007), and with follow-up (2013-2016) status of diabetes. Dietary patterns were examined by quintile and included a posteriori Plant-based and Southern, as well as a priori scores of Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Score, Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS). Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain risk ratios for incident diabetes with models adjusted for total energy intake, demographics, and lifestyle factors. Results: The mean (SD) age at baseline was 63.2 (8.5) years, 27.1% were Black, 56.2% were female, and 11.7% had incident diabetes at follow-up. Adherence to the Southern dietary pattern was positively associated with incident diabetes for all models (figure). After adjustment for demographic factors, the highest quintiles of DII and DIS were associated with incident diabetes and the highest quintiles of DASH scores were protective of development of incident diabetes. Conclusion: The Southern dietary pattern derived in REGARDS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes of all the dietary scores and of the a priori scores the DIS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes. The lack of association in adjusted models with the Mediterranean Diet and Plant-based pattern show these scores to be less pertinent. The DIS demonstrates food based dietary inflammation as one of the potential pathways for incident diabetes.

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Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Their Association with Gestational Weight Gain and Nutrient Adequacy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17217908 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 7908

Author(s):

Naomi Cano-Ibáñez ◽

Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano ◽

Miguel Angel Luque-Fernández ◽

Sandra Martín-Peláez ◽

Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

Nutrient Adequacy ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Mediterranean

Several epidemiologic studies have shown an association between Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) and offspring complications. The GWG is directly linked to maternal dietary intake and women’s nutritional status during pregnancy. The aim of this study was (1) to assess, in a sample of Spanish pregnant women, the association between maternal dietary patterns and GWG and (2) to assess maternal dietary patterns and nutrient adequate intake according to GWG. A retrospective study was conducted in a sample of 503 adult pregnant women in five hospitals in Eastern Andalusia (Spain). Data on demographic characteristics, anthropometric values, and dietary intake were collected from clinical records by trained midwives. Usual food intake was gathered through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and dietary patterns were obtained by principal component analysis. Nutrient adequacy was defined according to European dietary intake recommendations for pregnant women. Regression models adjusted by confounding factors were constructed to study the association between maternal dietary pattern and GWG, and maternal dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy. A negative association was found between GWG and the Mediterranean dietary pattern (crude β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.04). Independent of maternal dietary pattern, nutrient adequacy of dietary fiber, vitamin B9, D, E, and iodine was related to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (p < 0.05). A Mediterranean dietary pattern is related to lower GWG and better nutrient adequacy. The promotion of healthy dietary behavior consistent with the general advice promoted by the Mediterranean Diet (based on legumes, vegetables, nuts, olive oil, and whole cereals) will offer healthful, sustainable, and practical strategies to control GWG and ensure adequate nutrient intake during pregnancy.

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Diet quality is associated with reduced risk of hypertension among Inner Mongolia adults in northern China

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001900301x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 1543-1554 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xuemei Wang ◽

Aiping Liu ◽

Maolin Du ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Wenrui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Generalized Linear Models ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Linear Models ◽

Protein Pattern ◽

Northern China ◽

High Protein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:The present study investigated the association between dietary patterns and hypertension applying the Chinese Dietary Balance Index-07 (DBI-07).Design:A cross-sectional study on adult nutrition and chronic disease in Inner Mongolia. Dietary data were collected using 24 h recall over three consecutive days and weighing method. Dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis. Generalized linear models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between DBI-07 and dietary patterns, and between dietary patterns and hypertension.Setting:Inner Mongolia (n 1861).Participants:A representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years in Inner Mongolia.Results:Four major dietary patterns were identified: ‘high protein’, ‘traditional northern’, ‘modern’ and ‘condiments’. Generalized linear models showed higher factor scores in the ‘high protein’ pattern were associated with lower DBI-07 (βLBS = −1·993, βHBS = −0·206, βDQD = −2·199; all P < 0·001); the opposite in the ‘condiments’ pattern (βLBS = 0·967, βHBS = 0·751, βDQD = 1·718; all P < 0·001). OR for hypertension in the highest quartile of the ‘high protein’ pattern compared with the lowest was 0·374 (95 % CI 0·244, 0·573; Ptrend < 0·001) in males. OR for hypertension in the ‘condiments’ pattern was 1·663 (95 % CI 1·113, 2·483; Ptrend < 0·001) in males, 1·788 (95 % CI 1·155, 2·766; Ptrend < 0·001) in females.Conclusions:Our findings suggested a higher-quality dietary pattern evaluated by DBI-07 was related to decreased risk for hypertension, whereas a lower-quality dietary pattern was related to increased risk for hypertension in Inner Mongolia.

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Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and heart rate in the SUN project

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487312467871 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 521-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M García-López ◽

MA Martínez-González ◽

FJ Basterra-Gortari ◽

MT Barrio-López ◽

A Gea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

The Sun ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Sun Project

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A posteriori dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018000216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 1681-1692 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sakineh Shab-Bidar ◽

Mahdieh Golzarand ◽

Mina Hajimohammadi ◽

Sara Mansouri

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

A Posteriori ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveObservational studies reported potential associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, a consistent perspective has not been established to date. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between a posteriori dietary patterns and MetS by pooling available data.DesignMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant articles published up to July 2015 with no time restriction and with English language restriction. Two independent reviewers completed study selection and data extraction. Random-effects models (DerSimonian–Laird method) were used to pool effect sizes of eligible studies. The potential sources of heterogeneity were assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultsNineteen papers that identified dietary patterns using an a posteriori method were selected and included in the meta-analysis. The ‘Healthy/Prudent’ dietary pattern was inversely associated with risk of MetS (OR=0·89; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·94, P=0·002). In contrast, the ‘Unhealthy/Western’ dietary pattern had a significant positive association with risk of MetS (OR=1·16; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·22, P<0·001).ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that greater adherence to a healthy/prudent dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of MetS, while an unhealthy/Western dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of MetS. These data suggest that a diet based on healthy food choices is also beneficial for prevention of MetS.

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Dietary Pattern Score, Diet Quality, and Major Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies (OR33-07-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.or33-07-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Hsuan Liu ◽

Xiang Gao ◽

Muzi Na ◽

Penny Kris-Etherton ◽

Diane Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

A Priori ◽

A Posteriori ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract Objectives Diet is an important lifestyle factor that may prevent or slow the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Recent studies suggest that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline. Few studies have examined the relationships between dietary patterns and risk of clinical neurodegenerative disease outcomes. In this meta-analysis, we examined the associations between overall dietary patterns, assessed a priori and a posteriori, and risk of major neurodegenerative disease including dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Methods We systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health databases starting from 1981 to October 10, 2018. Observational cohort studies published in English with prospective and case-control designs were included. Diet assessment approaches (a priori or a posteriori) were utilized to assist in determining whether the exposure was dietary pattern score or diet quality. Generic inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among the highest versus the lowest diet quality/dietary pattern score groups in random effect models. Results Seventeen studies with 173,283 participants were identified. Various diet quality indexes or dietary pattern scores, such as the Healthy Eating Index, the Mediterranean diet score, and dietary pattern scores generated by principal component analysis or reduced rank regression, were used among studies. Our meta-analysis of cohorts showed significant associations between adherence to high diet quality or healthy dietary pattern and lower risk of dementia (pooled risk ratio = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56-0.86) and Parkinson's disease (pooled risk ratio = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54-0.97) relative to those with low diet quality or unhealthy dietary pattern. Conclusions Adherence to high diet quality or healthy dietary pattern may provide protective effects on risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Additional observational studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to address our study limitations and provide further evidence about the role of a poor diet on the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases as well as the benefits of a healthy diet on the prevention of major neurodegenerative diseases. Funding Sources United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service agreement. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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