Resistance of αAI-1 transgenic chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) dry grains to bruchid beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Lüthi ◽  
Fernando Álvarez-Alfageme ◽  
Jeffrey D. Ehlers ◽  
Thomas J.V. Higgins ◽  
Jörg Romeis
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Transgenic Seeds ◽  
Transgenic Lines

AbstractDry grain legume seeds possessing αAI-1, an α-amylase inhibitor from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), under the control of a cotyledon-specific promoter have been shown to be highly resistant to several important bruchid pest species. One transgenic chickpea and four cowpea lines expressing αAI-1, their respective controls, as well as nine conventional chickpea cultivars were assessed for their resistance to the bruchids Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), Callosobruchus chinensis L. and Callosobruchus maculatus F. All transgenic lines were highly resistant to both Callosobruchus species. A. obtectus, known to be tolerant to αAI-1, was able to develop in all transgenic lines. While the cotyledons of all non-transgenic cultivars were highly susceptible to all bruchids, C. chinensis and C. maculatus larvae suffered from significantly increased mortality rates inside transgenic seeds. The main factor responsible for the partial resistance in the non-transgenic cultivars was deduced to reside in the seed coat. The αAI-1 present in seeds of transgenic chickpea and cowpea lines significantly increases their resistance to two important bruchid pest species (C. chinensis and C. maculatus) essentially to immunity. To control αAI-1 tolerant bruchid species such as A. obtectus and to avoid the development of resistance to αAI-1, varieties carrying this transgene should be protected with additional control measures.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and identification of three stored grain pests based on mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abu Faiz Md Aslam ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Faria Farhana Rain ◽  
Sumita Rani Das ◽  
Ayesha Siddika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Grain Pests

Stored grain pests are discovered in food as immature stages, which further complicates the identification process. A DNA barcode dataset of some important pests that can be used for easy and confirm identification in stages of life is constructed. COI genes of three stored grain insect pests i.e,, Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and Oryzaephilus surinamensis were sequenced. The sequenced genes were submitted to NCBI GenBank and obtained accession numbers MG967331.1, MG967332.1, MG967333.1 and MK041216.1. BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% homology with existing GenBank sequences. The nucleotide composition analysis revealed that the value of A+T (64.8%) is greater than G+C (35.2%). Genetic distance among four sequences of three store pests were ranged from 0.00293-0.32807. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these three species are originated from different clades. Haplotype analysis of mitochondrial COI gene of the stored grain insect pests showed high genetic diversity among them. C. chinensis, O. surinamensis and S. oryzae were separated from their common ancestor by 80, 73 and 64 mutational steps. These information may be helpful for attempting any successful control measures against the pest species. In conclusion, present author established the first DNA barcode dataset of three store grain pests and confirmed its efficiency for identifying these pests. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 1-11, 2019

Effects on non-target animal populations of a rabbit trail-baiting campaign with 1080 poison

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Mcilroy ◽  
EJ Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Target Animal ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Exotic Pest

Populations of non-target birds and mammals on a semi-cleared grazing property near Braidwood, New South Wales, did not appear to be affected by a trail-baiting campaign against rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, using pellet bait and 1080 poison. Rabbit numbers were reduced by about 90% and those of the fox, Vulpes vulpes, another exotic pest, by about 75%. Populations of both pest species began recovering soon after the campaign, indicating the need for continued control measures.

scholarly journals Targeting hotspots to reduce transmission of malaria in Senegal: modeling of the effects of human mobility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kankoé Sallah ◽  
Roch Giorgi ◽  
El Hadj Ba ◽  
Martine Piarroux ◽  
Renaud Piarroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Mathematical Simulations

AbstractBackgroundIn central Senegal malaria incidences have declined in recent years in response to scaling-up of control measures, but now remains stable, making elimination improbable. Additional control measures are needed to reduce transmission.MethodsBy using a meta-population mathematical model, we evaluated chemotherapy interventions targeting stable malaria hotspots, using a differential equation framework and incorporating human mobility, and fitted to weekly malaria incidences from 45 villages, over 5 years. Three simulated approaches for selecting intervention targets were compared: a) villages with at least one malaria case during the low transmission season of the previous year; b) villages ranked highest in terms of incidence during the high transmission season of the previous year; c) villages ranked based on the degree of connectivity with adjacent populations.ResultsOur mathematical modeling, taking into account human mobility, showed that the intervention strategies targeting hotspots should be effective in reducing malaria incidence in both treated and untreated areas.ConclusionsMathematical simulations showed that targeted interventions allow increasing malaria elimination potential.

Effects of Storage Structure Type and Pesticide Type on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculatus) After Three Months’ Storage: The Case of Daffiama Bussie Issa District

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Asante Berchie ◽  
Prosper Maaledoma
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Storage Structure ◽  
Postharvest Management

Cowpea is an important grain legume widely used as food in Ghana and the world at large. It is a significant protein source used by many people in several countries. However, its postharvest management, especially storage, can be problematic because it is easily attached by storage pest insects, particularly Callosobruchus maculatus. Cowpea storage is crucial as the product is protected against damage and deterioration. Also, it is preserved until such a time that market prices are reasonable before they are marketed, enhancing food security. Cowpea grains that are predisposed to insects often attack significantly reduce the quantity and quality, which renders the product unwholesome for human consumption. A survey will be conducted in Daffiama Bussie Issa District in the Upper West Region of Ghana to identify storage structures and storage protectants used by stakeholders to store cowpea. The cowpea variety to be used for the experiment is called ‘songotra’ and is considered the people’s choice. At the end of the storage period, the physical and chemical properties of the cowpea grains were assessed to confirm whether there is a significant effect on them. Test on the viability of seeds will be conducted. The findings will show which storage structure and protectants proved to be more effective by killing the cowpea weevil and unearth the treatment that will offer the highest and lowest protection. Pairwise Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) Version 9.0 was used to analyse the survey data. It is recommended that further research is conducted on the quantity of cowpea used for storage with an extended storage period.

Positive association between resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis and overwintering survival of cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Caron ◽  
J.H. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Overwintering Survival ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractDevelopment of resistance to insecticides has generally been associated with fitness costs that may be magnified under challenging conditions. Lepidopterans which are resistant to the biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) have been shown to have reduced fitness, such as lower survival when subjected to overwintering stress. Recently, resistance to Btk has been found in some populations of Trichoplusia ni Hübner in greenhouses in British Columbia. This situation provides an opportunity to investigate potential trade-offs between overwintering survival and insecticide resistance in a major pest species. Here, we assess the survival and eventual fecundity of Btk resistant and susceptible T. ni pupae exposed to cool temperatures. Contrary to our expectations, resistant T. ni had higher overwintering survival than susceptible individuals. This is the first account of a potential advantage associated with Btk resistance. Resistant and susceptible moths had reduced fecundity and smaller progeny after cold exposure compared to controls, and this may counteract the survival advantage. Nevertheless, it seems unlikely that this is sufficient to select out the resistant phenotype in the presence of strong selection for resistance and in the absence of immigration of susceptible moths. The appearance of resistance without evidence of a trade-off in overwintering survival presents a major challenge to management in production greenhouses.

Prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria in a tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Chandrasekhar ◽  
Jaffer Chalilparambil ◽  
Sajitha Mukriyan Kallungal ◽  
Danisha Pattani ◽  
Abin Chandrakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Extended Spectrum

AbstractThe widespread misuse of antibiotics over the past several decades has been regarded as the contributing factor in the development of resistance toward them. Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by certain bacteria that can make them resistant to certain antibiotics. Early detection of ESBL strains and judicious use of antibiotics and proper implementation of infection control strategies are essential to prevent the spread of this threat in the community. The study aimed at appraising the prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESBL-producing microorganisms.A prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care referral hospital located in Malappuram district of Kerala among inpatients with infection by ESBL-producing bacteria in order to estimate the prevalence, risk factors and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Out of the total 1156 patients studied, 118 had confirmed diagnosis on the presence of ESBL-producing microorganisms. Overall, 9.79% of all samples growingHigh prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms is evident in the study setting implicating the necessity to report the ESBL production along with the routine sensitivity reports supplemented with control measures which can assist a clinician in prescribing appropriate antibiotics.

Managing problem wildlife in the ‘Old World’: a veterinary perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Artois
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Methods Of Control

This paper focuses on mammalian pest species mainly in Europe and Africa and on implications for animal health, human safety, wildlife management and animal welfare. Three examples of problem species are presented: the wild boar (Sus scrofa), the stray dog (Canis familiaris) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Several species are reservoirs or vectors of transmissible diseases of man and of economically valuable domestic species. The control of these and other infections and the limitation of the nuisance or damage caused by these pest species involves lethal or non-lethal methods which are briefly reviewed. Some control measures require veterinary expertise, and veterinary involvement in managing problem species is likely to increase. With regard to fertility control, methods are considered which will allow an appropriate choice of the best technique for the management of problem animals in various habitats. For desirable native species, traditional methods of control, especially hunting in the case of game species, is preferable to contraception. For exotic or feral species, control of fertility seems to be a worthwhile option.

Discussion session: Prospects and challenges

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Methods Of Control

This paper focuses on mammalian pest species mainly in Europe and Africa and on implications for animal health, human safety, wildlife management and animal welfare. Three examples of problem species are presented: the wild boar (Sus scrofa), the stray dog (Canis familiaris) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Several species are reservoirs or vectors of transmissible diseases of man and of economically valuable domestic species. The control of these and other infections and the limitation of the nuisance or damage caused by these pest species involves lethal or non-lethal methods which are briefly reviewed. Some control measures require veterinary expertise, and veterinary involvement in managing problem species is likely to increase. With regard to fertility control, methods are considered which will allow an appropriate choice of the best technique for the management of problem animals in various habitats. For desirable native species, traditional methods of control, especially hunting in the case of game species, is preferable to contraception. For exotic or feral species, control of fertility seems to be a worthwhile option.

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