Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the fecundity, longevity, and enzyme activity of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Lu ◽  
X.-S. Zheng ◽  
X.-W. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Three Generations

AbstractThe aphid species Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi are the most important pests in wheat growing regions of many countries. In this study, we investigated the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on fecundity, longevity, and enzyme activity in both aphid species by comparing 3-h exposure for one or three generations. Our results indicated that 3-h exposure to sublethal doses of imidacloprid for one generation had no discernible effect on the survival, fecundity, longevity, or enzyme activity levels of aphids. However, when pulse exposures to imidacloprid were sustained over three generations, both fecundity and longevity were significantly decreased in both S. avenae and R. padi. Interestingly, the fecundity of R. padi had almost recovered by the F5 generation, but its longevity was still deleteriously affected. These results indicated that R. padi laid eggs in shorter time lags and has a more fast resilience. The change in reproduction behavior may be a phenomenon of R. padi to compensate its early death. If this is stable for the next generation, it means that the next generation is more competitive than unexposed populations, which could be the reason underlying population outbreaks that occur after longer-term exposure to an insecticide. This laboratory-based study highlights the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the longevity and fecundity of descendants and provides an empirical basis from which to consider management decisions for chemical control in the field.

scholarly journals Virulence of Two Entomophthoralean Fungi, Pandora neoaphidis and Entomophthora planchoniana, to Their Conspecific (Sitobion avenae) and Heterospecific (Rhopalosiphum padi) Aphid Hosts

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Ben Fekih ◽  
Annette Bruun Jensen ◽  
Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem ◽  
Gabor Pozsgai ◽  
Salah Rezgui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Pandora Neoaphidis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Aphid Host

Pandora neoaphidis and Entomophthora planchoniana (phylum Entomophthoromycota) are important fungal pathogens on cereal aphids, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. Here, we evaluated and compared for the first time the virulence of these two fungi, both produced in S. avenae cadavers, against the two aphid species subjected to the same exposure. Two laboratory bioassays were carried out using a method imitating entomophthoralean transmission in the field. Healthy colonies of the two aphid species were exposed to the same conidial shower of P. neoaphidis or E. planchoniana, in both cases from a cadaver of S. avenae. The experiments were performed under LD 18:6 h at 21 °C and a successful transmission was monitored for a period of nine days after initial exposure. Susceptibility of both S. avenae and R. padi to fungal infection showed a sigmoid trend. The fitted nonlinear model showed that the conspecific host, S. avenae, was more susceptible to E. planchoniana infection than the heterospecific host R. padi, was. In the case of P. neoaphidis, LT50 for S. avenae was 5.0 days compared to 5.9 days for R. padi. For E. planchoniana, the LT50 for S. avenae was 4.9 days, while the measured infection level in R. padi was always below 50 percent. Our results suggest that transmission from conspecific aphid host to heterospecific aphid host can occur in the field, but with expected highest transmission success to the conspecific host.

Comparison of the winter development, reproduction and lifespan of viviparae of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on wheat and perennial rye grass in England

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Sitobion Avenae ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

AbstractThe mid-winter development, reproduction and survival of field-acclimatized viviparae of Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) on leaves of tillering wheat and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) plants at similar growth stages were compared by monitoring batches of aphids in clip-cages in field plots in southern England. For both aphid species, survival, total fecundity and reproductive rate were much higher on wheat than on L. perenne, and on both host-plants they were much higher for S. avenae than for R. padi. Development times (in day-degrees) were longer on L. perenne than on wheat, and on both host-plants were longer for R. padi than for S. avenae, though these differences were less marked. Comparison of the results with those of earlier studies suggests that large changes in cereal aphid performance occur between summer and winter and that these are both aphid-specific and host-plant-specific.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor on the fitness of two species of wheat aphids, Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613-1623
Author(s):  
Juan-juan XIN ◽  
Wen-xin YU ◽  
Xiao-qing YI ◽  
Jun-ping GAO ◽  
Xi-wu GAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Sitobion Avenae

scholarly journals Low Psychosine in Krabbe Disease with Onset in Late Infancy: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Camille S. Corre ◽  
Dietrich Matern ◽  
Joan E. Pellegrino ◽  
Carlos A. Saavedra-Matiz ◽  
Joseph J. Orsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
New York State ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Krabbe Disease ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency in galactocerebrosidase enzyme activity, which can present in early infancy, requiring an urgent referral for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or later in life. Newborn screening (NBS) for KD requires identification and risk-stratification of patients based on laboratory values to predict disease onset in early infancy or later in life. The biomarker psychosine plays a key role in NBS algorithms to ascertain probability of early-onset disease. This report describes a patient who was screened positive for KD in New York State, had a likely pathogenic genotype, and showed markedly reduced enzyme activity but surprisingly low psychosine levels. The patient ultimately developed KD in late infancy, an outcome not clearly predicted by existing NBS algorithms. It remains critical that psychosine levels be evaluated alongside genotype, enzyme activity levels, and the patient’s evolving clinical presentation, ideally in consultation with experts in KD, in order to guide diagnosis and plans for monitoring.

scholarly journals The Molecular Basis of Quantitative Genetic Variation in Central and Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mitchell-Olds ◽  
Deana Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Qtls ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Quantitative Genetic

Abstract To find the genes controlling quantitative variation, we need model systems where functional information on physiology, development, and gene regulation can guide evolutionary inferences. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing quantitative levels of enzyme activity in primary and secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis. All 10 enzymes showed highly significant quantitative genetic variation. Strong positive genetic correlations were found among activity levels of 5 glycolytic enzymes, PGI, PGM, GPD, FBP, and G6P, suggesting that enzymes with closely related metabolic functions are coregulated. Significant QTLs were found influencing activity of most enzymes. Some enzyme activity QTLs mapped very close to known enzyme-encoding loci (e.g., hexokinase, PGI, and PGM). A hexokinase QTL is attributable to cis-acting regulatory variation at the AtHXK1 locus or a closely linked regulatory locus, rather than polypeptide sequence differences. We also found a QTL on chromosome IV that may be a joint regulator of GPD, PGI, and G6P activity. In addition, a QTL affecting PGM activity maps within 700 kb of the PGM-encoding locus. This QTL is predicted to alter starch biosynthesis by 3.4%, corresponding with theoretical models, suggesting that QTLs reflect pleiotropic effects of mutant alleles.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy Coumarin on Liver of Adult Rat Exposed to Aluminium Chloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Ahmet Özkaya ◽  
Kenan Türkan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Hydroxy Coumarin

In this study, the effects of 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy coumarin molecule on mineral and antioxidant enzymes were investigated in rat liver exposed to oxidative stress with aluminium chloride (AlCl3). Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups as Control, Coumarin, AlCl3, and Coumarin + AlCl3. Coumarin at the dose of 10 mg/kg and AlCl3 at the dose of 8.3 mg/kg were administered for 30 days every other day. In AlCl3 group, malondialdehyde (MDA), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu) levels increased compared to the control group, while glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and carboxylesterase (Ces) enzyme activity levels decreased. In Coumarin + AlCl3 group, MDA, Fe, Al and Cu levels decreased with the effect of coumarin compared to AlCl3 group, while GSH level, and GST enzyme activity levels increased. According to our results, AlCl3 generates oxidative stress in rat livers, and we believe that 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy coumarin has an ameliorative effect on antioxidant enzyme system, Al, Fe and Cu levels.

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