Effect of temperature on post-diapause reproductive development in Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: curculionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 669-677
Author(s):  
S. Wu ◽  
O.S. Kostromytska ◽  
A.M. Koppenhöfer
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Listronotus Maculicollis ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Time Required

AbstractThe annual bluegrass weevil Listronotus maculicollis requires chilling exposure to terminate reproductive diapause during overwintering, but the effects of temperature on its post-diapause development in spring remain unclear. To explore this effect, overwintering adults were transferred from cold conditions (6°C/4°C, L:D 10:14) to different warm-up temperatures at L:D 12:12. When weevils were transferred to 7, 14 and 21°C in December and late January, the sizes of male and female reproductive organs were significantly smaller at 7°C than at 14 and 21°C. When weevils were transferred to 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15°C in late January, higher temperatures facilitated the post-diapause development. In both sexes, the sizes of reproductive organs and developmental rate increased with temperature. Reproductive organs did not grow significantly at 7°C in males and at 7–9°C in females, at which the percentage of developing weevils remained low. The time required for 50% of individuals to resume development was 44, 18, 13 and 8 days at 9, 11, 13 and 15°C, respectively, in males and 19, 14 and 8 days at 11, 13 and 15°C, respectively, in females. The threshold temperature for post-diapause development was 7.8°C in males, based on which 61.7 degree-days coincided with 50% of individuals developing. Under field conditions, the percentage of male and female maturity and insemination rate were low until early March, but all reached 100% by late March.

The Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Instar Length in Calandra Granaria Linn

1947 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
L. E. S. EASTHAM ◽  
F. SEGROVE
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

1. The effects of temperature and humidity on the duration of each instar of the life cycle of Calandra granaria Linn. have been examined. The insects were reared at temperatures ranging from 15 to 30° C. and at atmospheric humidities ranging from 40 to 80% R.H. 2. A method is described for assessing the effect of temperature as an independent factor. 3. The temperatures employed fall within the ‘vital zone’. Extrapolation indicates the threshold temperature to be approximately 11° C. for the egg and larval instars though somewhat lower for the pupa. 30° C. is below the optimum temperature. 4. The durations of the egg and pupal stages are not affected by atmospheric humidity. 5. The duration of all larval instars is affected by moisture. It is suggested that this is largely due to atmospheric humidity and that food water is of little significance. 6. Shortage of moisture acts as an obstacle to development. Evidence is presented which indicates that drier atmospheres tend to desiccate the insect and that desiccation is responsible for retarded growth and development. 7. Since much earlier work on temperature and moisture has been done on fasting insects and, therefore, on insects deficient in one of the most important environmental factors, we suggest that our results, incomplete as they are, indicate the need for new approaches to be made. More complete data on feeding insects under controlled conditions of food, temperature and moisture are required, from which can be drawn up more complete balance sheets of development involving measurements of food utilization and respiratory rates.

Effect of temperature on embryonic development of Melanotaenia boesemani (Allen and Cross, 1982)

Zygote ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Costa Radael ◽  
Leonardo Demier Cardoso ◽  
Dalcio Ricardo de Andrade ◽  
André Veloso Ferreira ◽  
Douglas da Cruz Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Faster Development

SummaryThe present study aimed to provide data on the time required for Melanotaenia boesemani to complete embryonic development, and to investigate the influence that incubation at different temperatures caused in this species. The effects of temperature on the time and hatching rate are presented, as well as information related to embryonic development stages. After fertilization, the eggs were kept in incubators at 23, 26, 29 or 32°C and observed at predetermined times until the moment of hatching. Stages of development were identified and classified according to morphological and physiological characteristics. Oil droplets were visualized inside the eggs as well as filament adhesion present at the chorion. Embryonic development was similar to that observed in other species of the genus Melanotaenia with hatching and faster development in higher temperatures.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENTAL RATE AND FECUNDITY OF THE PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McMullen ◽  
C. Jong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
And Control

AbstractAt constant temperatures between 10.0° and 32.2°C with 16 h photoperiod development of eggs and nymphs was slowest at 10.0° (61.8 days av.) and most rapid at 26.7°C (27.0 days av.). Mortality of eggs and nymphs was moderate (43.7%) at 10.0°, least (24.2%) at 21.1°, and 100% at 32.2°C. Between 15.6° and 35.0°C, 16 h photoperiod, fecundity of winter form adults was greatest (486.3 eggs av) at 15.6° and lowest (0.0 eggs) at 35.0°C. For summer form adults fecundity was moderate (212.4 eggs av.) at 15.6°, maximum (444.9 and 447.3 eggs av., respectively) at 21.1° and 26.7°C, and least (2.8 eggs av.) at 35.0°C. Longevity of male and female winter and summer forms was greatest at the low temperature and least at the high temperature. These data are discussed with relation to field observations of natural pear psylla populations and control programs.

scholarly journals The temperature dependence of the adrenergic Na+/H+ exchanger of trout erythrocytes

1990 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Cossins ◽  
R. V. Kilbey
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Time Required

The effects of temperature upon the adrenergic Na+/H+ exchange of rainbow trout erythrocytes have been studied in vitro. The initial rates of H+ ejection and of increase of intracellular Na+ [(Na+]i) in adrenergically stimulated cells were highly temperature-dependent, with apparent Arrhenius activation energies of 112.8 +/− 10.0 (mean +/− S.D., N = 4) and 84.1 +/− 3.0 kJ mol-1 (N = 3), respectively. The steady-state [Na+]i following stimulation decreased progressively with cooling, whilst the time required for [Na+]i to return to control values after removal of agonist was greatly increased. The change in intracellular pH resulting from adrenergic stimulation was reduced by cooling, such that at 4 degrees C adrenergic responses were barely measurable. The effect of temperature upon the steady-state [Na+]i and pHi was probably caused by a disparity in the temperature dependence of the transport mechanisms that contribute to the respective steady states.

SEASONAL DIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT, EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON POSTDIAPAUSE EGG DEVELOPMENT, AND VALIDATION OF A DEGREE-DAY MODEL PREDICTING LARVAL ECLOSION OF BLUEBERRY LEAFTIER, CROESIA CURVALANA (KEARFOTT) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Polavarapu ◽  
William D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractEggs of blueberry leaftier, Croesia curvalana (Kearfott), were transferred from outdoors at 15-day intervals from 15 November to 1 March and held in the laboratory at 20°C, 16L:8D. Mean hatching time continually decreased with each successive transfer date and was significantly shorter for eggs transferred on 1 March compared with any previous transfer date. Transfer date also had a significant effect on percentage hatch, which generally increased with longer exposure of eggs to outdoor conditions. Mean hatching time was longer under 10L:14D photoperiod than at 13L:11D or 16L:8D conditions at all three temperatures studied. Rate of postdiapause development was linearly related to constant temperatures in the range from 6 to 25°C, but appeared to have deviated from linearity at 30°C. The lower threshold temperature for postdiapause development of eggs was estimated to be 3.4°C. Means of 60, 77, and 97 degree-days above a lower threshold of 3.5°C were required for hatching of the 10th, median, and 90th percentile of eggs under laboratory conditions, respectively. In each of 3 years, eclosion of first-instar larvae occurred over a 10- to 17-day period in late April to mid-May. Degree-day accumulations based on litter temperatures in the field predicted the dates of 10th, 50th and 90th percentile eclosion of first-instar larvae within ±2 days of the observed dates.

The effects of temperature on prey-capture kinematics of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): implications for feeding studies

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Wintzer ◽  
P J Motta
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Maximum Gape

Research with ectothermic organisms has demonstrated that temperature is positively correlated with an individual's power output during locomotion. This study investigates the effect of temperature on another aspect of power output, prey-capture kinematics, of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819). Feeding sequences for two treatments of four sunfish were filmed at three temperatures (18, 24, and 30 °C) with one treatment (A) experiencing an increasing range of temperatures and the other (B) experiencing a decreasing temperature range. Directional temperatures affected prey-capture kinematics. The time required to achieve maximum lower jaw depression and maximum gape, as well as the duration of maximum gape, time to close the mouth (from the point of maximum gape), and the total bite duration, increased as water temperature decreased. In addition, both the time to maximum gape and the time to maximum lower jaw depression were longer at 18 °C for individuals in treatment A than those in treatment B. These results indicate that water temperature can bias the results of feeding studies employing kinematics that do not control for its effects as well as those that make comparisons across such studies which utilize different temperatures and taxa.

Effect of temperature during the synthesis process of CdSe nanoparticles using the colloidal technique

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (63) ◽  
pp. 3389-3395
Author(s):  
R. González-Díaz ◽  
D. Fernández-Sánchez ◽  
P. Rosendo-Francisco ◽  
G. Sánchez-Legorreta
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Electron Cloud ◽  
Cdse Nanoparticles ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
First Results ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, the first results of the effects of temperature during the production of Se2- ions and the effect during the interaction of Cd2+ and Se2- ions in the synthesis process of CdSe nanoparticles are presented. The synthesis of CdSe was carried out by the colloidal technique, in the first one we used a temperature of 63 °C to produce Se2- ions and in the second one an interaction temperature of 49 °C. The samples were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). From the SEM micrographs it was possible to identify the thorns formation and irregular islands. STM micrographs reveal elliptical shapes with a regular electron cloud profile.

scholarly journals Theoretical Effect of Temperature on Threshold in the Hodgkin-Huxley Nerve Model

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fitzhugh
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Ionic Conductances ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In the squid giant axon, Sjodin and Mullins (1958), using 1 msec duration pulses, found a decrease of threshold with increasing temperature, while Guttman (1962), using 100 msec pulses, found an increase. Both results are qualitatively predicted by the Hodgkin-Huxley model. The threshold vs. temperature curve varies so much with the assumptions made regarding the temperature-dependence of the membrane ionic conductances that quantitative comparison between theory and experiment is not yet possible. For very short pulses, increasing temperature has two effects. (1) At lower temperatures the decrease of relaxation time of Na activation (m) relative to the electrical (RC) relaxation time favors excitation and decreases threshold. (2) For higher temperatures, effect (1) saturates, but the decreasing relaxation times of Na inactivation (h) and K activation (n) factor accommodation and increased threshold. The result is a U-shaped threshold temperature curve. R. Guttman has obtained such U-shaped curves for 50 µsec pulses. Assuming higher ionic conductances decreases the electrical relaxation time and shifts the curve to the right along the temperature axis. Making the conductances increase with temperature flattens the curve. Using very long pulses favors effect (2) over (1) and makes threshold increase monotonically with temperature.

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