Paradigms and Political Discourse: Protective Legislation in France and the United States Before 1914

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Jenson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Meaning Systems ◽  
The Us ◽  
Maternal Protection

AbstractThis article examines the differences in pre-1914 France and the United States in two kinds of state policies regulating women's behaviour, those “protecting” the condition under which women participated in certain occupations and those providing infant and maternal protection. Those policies are examined to illuminate the argument that politics, including state policies, makes an important contribution to the maintenance and change of ongoing systems of social relations. Central to this argument is the notion that meaning systems around which actors constitute collective identities are a crucial analytic focus for understanding stability and change. At the end of the nineteenth century hegemonic societal paradigms, constructed out of the processes institutionalizing new social relations, emerged in France and the US. The French paradigm of “citizen-producer” and the American one of “specialized citizenship” had quite different implications for the patterns of gender relations embedded within them. These implications are visible in the treatment of women's work and maternity in these years of the emerging welfare state.

What Is the Affordable Care Act a Case of? Understanding the ACA through the Comparative Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-691
Author(s):  
Holly Jarman ◽  
Scott L. Greer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract International comparisons of US health care are common but mostly focus on comparing its performance to peers or asking why the United States remains so far from universal coverage. Here the authors ask how other comparative research could shed light on the unusual politics and structure of US health care and how the US experience could bring more to international conversations about health care and the welfare state. After introducing the concept of casing—asking what the Affordable Care Act (ACA) might be a case of—the authors discuss different “casings” of the ACA: complex legislation, path dependency, demos-constraining institutions, deep social cleavages, segmentalism, or the persistence of the welfare state. Each of these pictures of the ACA has strong support in the US-focused literature. Each also cases the ACA as part of a different experience shared with other countries, with different implications for how to analyze it and what we can learn from it. The final section discusses the implications for selecting cases that might shed light on the US experience and that make the United States look less exceptional and more tractable as an object of research.

The Corporatisation of the United States Welfare State

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stoesz ◽  
Howard Karger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Human Service ◽  
Human Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Future ◽  
Philosophical Background

ABSTRACTThis article examines the increasing importance of human service corporations within the American welfare state. In particular, the article investigates the historical and philosophical background of the corporatisation of welfare, the expanding social welfare market, and the scope of human service corporations. The consequence of corporatisation, including standardisation, commodification, and the oligarchic nature of human services are also examined. Lastly, the authors explore the implications of corporatisation for the future of the US welfare state.

Some features of the legal regulation of ensuring economic security in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Kudinov ◽  
Elena Gennadievna Mukhina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Stability

The article examines the features of the legal regulation of ensuring economic security in the United States, shows the infl uence of threats in the fi eld of economic security on the social development of social relations, living conditions of people, the activities of state executive authorities. Highlighted the main powers of the US executive authorities to ensure economic stability within the state. The main areas of activity of the executive authorities in the fi eld of ensuring economic security was the promotion of American interests in the international arena. At the same time, to protect its geopolitical interests on the economic security of other states, the United States uses such forms of infl uence as tariffi ng, fi nancial restrictions on exports and imports, organized boycotts, asset freezes, economic sanctions, bans on trade, technology transfer and border crossing, embargoes, no-fl y zones and blockades, provoking and inciting armed confl icts. The conclusion is substantiated that economic security is the basis for the stability of any state and serves as the foundation for national institutions and state authorities that ensure it. At the same time, in order to ensure the economic security of the country, the Russian Federation must not only take into account the aggressive US policy in this area, but also actively build and strengthen relations within the framework of economic associations of partner states (for example, ASEAN, EAEU, CIS, BRICS, SCO) and China with the purpose of protecting state interests in the fi eld of ensuring economic security, as well as with the countries of the European Union, and primarily with Germany.

scholarly journals Study of Russian-American Relations and the US History in Post-Soviet Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Sogrin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us History ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Real Place ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article analyzes the state of historical Amerikanistika in Post-Soviet Russia. The best results have been achieved in the study of Russian-American relations as well as the history of the US parties and the US democracy. Serious deficiencies remain in the study of economic and social history. In the study of foreign relations of the 18th–early 20th centuries more attention must be paid to the real place of Russian-American relations in the foreign policy of both Russia and the United States. First and foremost we are talking about the U.S.-Great Britain relations. Shortcomings in the study of social history, that was typical for the Soviet historiography, have not been overcome. The Soviet historians paid groundless attention to the study of the US labor movement in order to find the “socialist” and “revolutionary” potential of the American working class and to answer the ques- tions why this potential has not been implemented in different historical periods and what mistakes and miscalculations have been made by the American Commu- nists and socialists. In fact throughout the most part of the US history the conflict between the proletariat and the capitalist class did not play any significant role. Only twice—at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries and at the 1930s—this conflict was in the focus of the social relations in the United States. But even then this conflict did not have the antagonistic character. In other epochs of the US history the main social tensions in the USA have been created by other social forces and groups. These social divisions are waiting for more attention of the post-Soviet historical Amerikanistika. 

scholarly journals Re-examining the benefits of becoming a grandparent: No evidence of positive associations in the United States and England.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Sheppard ◽  
Christiaan Willem Simon Monden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Welfare State

Despite positive associations between active grandparenting and well-being, little evidence so far suggests that the transition to grandparenthood increases well-being. We extend previous work from Europe, where weak effects were found, in two ways. First, kin effects are likely to be context-dependent and differ by the type and generosity of the welfare state, and by mortality rates. Second, it may be that the grandparent derives more benefits from the grandchild as young child than a new-born or infant. We retest this hypothesis with longitudinal data from the US and England. Both these studies follow people for a longer time so we further test whether effects of grandparenting emerge later after the birth of the grandchild. We found no evidence for these hypotheses in either setting, with the exception of English women who reported higher subjective life expectancy after becoming a grandmother. These largely null findings have implications for theories of grandparenting.

Environmental Federalism in a Polarized Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Daniel Fiorino ◽  
Carley A. Weted
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Environmental Federalism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cooperative Federalism

Environmental policy making and implementation in the United States occurs within a federal system. This system has served its purpose for nearly five decades but is now being challenged by four trends: political polarization in Congress; increasingly divergent state policies; an erosion in federal funding; and federal policy instability. Taking the place of the old, relatively cooperative federalism is an increasingly disruptive federalism. It is time to reexamine the foundations of environmental federalism and the effects of the four challenges on the effectiveness and capacities of the US system. Such efforts to evaluate environmental federalism should account for variations among programs and statutes as well as the effects on policy stability. A benefit of a federal system for environmental protection is its contribution to stability in an era of polarization and conflict.

Gendered differences in emigration and mobility perspectives among European researchers working abroad

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Scheibelhofer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Highly Skilled

This paper focuses on gendered mobilities of highly skilled researchers working abroad. It is based on an empirical qualitative study that explored the mobility aspirations of Austrian scientists who were working in the United States at the time they were interviewed. Supported by a case study, the paper demonstrates how a qualitative research strategy including graphic drawings sketched by the interviewed persons can help us gain a better understanding of the gendered importance of social relations for the future mobility aspirations of scientists working abroad.

The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Relationship

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.

‘To see oursels as ithers see us’: Reflections on Scottish Independence from the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Hague ◽  
Alan Mackie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scottish Diaspora

The United States media have given rather little attention to the question of the Scottish referendum despite important economic, political and military links between the US and the UK/Scotland. For some in the US a ‘no’ vote would be greeted with relief given these ties: for others, a ‘yes’ vote would be acclaimed as an underdog escaping England's imperium, a narrative clearly echoing America's own founding story. This article explores commentary in the US press and media as well as reporting evidence from on-going interviews with the Scottish diaspora in the US. It concludes that there is as complex a picture of the 2014 referendum in the United States as there is in Scotland.

Palestine Unbound

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Us ◽  
Intention To Move ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
The U.S

This section, updated regularly on the blog Palestine Square, covers popular conversations related to the Palestinians and the Arab-Israeli conflict during the quarter 16 November 2017 to 15 February 2018: #JerusalemIstheCapitalofPalestine went viral after U.S. president Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and announced his intention to move the U.S. embassy there from Tel Aviv. The arrest of Palestinian teenager Ahed Tamimi for slapping an Israeli soldier also prompted a viral campaign under the hashtag #FreeAhed. A smaller campaign protested the exclusion of Palestinian human rights from the agenda of the annual Creating Change conference organized by the US-based National LGBTQ Task Force in Washington. And, UNRWA publicized its emergency funding appeal, following the decision of the United States to slash funding to the organization, with the hashtag #DignityIsPriceless.

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