Local Constraints on Provincial Initiative in a Dynamic Context: The Case of Property Tax Reform in Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-378
Author(s):  
Frances Frisken
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Local Property ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Property Taxation ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The Government

AbstractOntario's attempt in the 1970s to reform its system of local property taxation aimed to make the local tax system more equitable and efficient in the interest of allowing local governments greater autonomy to act within their own areas of responsibility. In trying to implement the programme, the government used a variety of means to inform local officials about the objectives of reform and to secure their co-operation in achieving it. These efforts failed and the province abandoned the field to local and regional governments, having concluded that the economic and political costs of provincially imposed reform outweighed any advantages to be derived from it. The outcome attested to the influence that local interests and institutions can exercise over provincial policy-making despite their legally subordinate position in the governmental hierarchy.

scholarly journals Theoretical concepts of property tax, an essential source of local government revenue in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-809
Author(s):  
Paweł Felis
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Local Property ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Property Value ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Property Taxation ◽  
Tax Practice

The article explores the problems of theoretical aspects of local tax system rationalisation. The deliberations conducted concern possibilities of referring recommendations made by the contemporary theoretical achievements describing economic effects of property taxation to the tax practice of certain European countries (for example Poland). The content of the article indicates that conclusions resulting from the theory of property taxation should support the operational transformations of the local tax system..Having analysed influential studies on property taxation the author expresses his opinion that despite essential differences, both approaches (benefit view and capital view) have a great value. It should be stated, however, that we have to do with the tax which is not a pure tax on benefit because the owners of property, while improving it, are charged with higher taxes, being thus discouraged from any investments. Simultaneously, benefits resulting from social and economic programmes conducted at the local level are reflected in the local property value. The article applies the method of analysis and literature criticism as well as the intuition method.

scholarly journals Alternatives to the Local Property Tax for Educational Finance

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Hady
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Local Property ◽  
Present System ◽  
Lower Court ◽  
Local Schools ◽  
The U.S

If we could get a nickel for every time the demise of the property tax has been predicted in this century, we probably could invest the proceeds and use the interest to finance a program of property tax reform. In a sense, this subject is old.In another sense, however, there is something very new about discussing alternative ways of raising money for local governments. In August 1971, the California Supreme Court issued its decision in the now well-known case of Serrano v. Priest; in March 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a similar ruling by a lower court in Texas. The Court ruled that the present system of financing local schools in California, which relies heavily on the property tax, unconstitutionally “conditions the full entitlement to such interest on wealth, classifies its recipients on the basis of their collective affluence and makes the quality of a child's education depend upon the resources of his school district and ultimately upon the pocketbook of his parents.” Since that time, more than 50 similar suits have been filed in some 31 states, and the U.S. Supreme Court is reviewing an appeal from Texas in a case similar to Serrano.

GST - Sway On Small Scale Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Jayanti.G ◽  
Dr. V.Selvam
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
The People ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Government

India being a democratic and republic country, has witnessed the biggest indirect tax reform after much exploration, GST bill roll out on 1 April 2017.  The concept of this reform is for a unified country-wide tax reform system.  Enterprises particularly SMEs are caught in a state of instability.  Several taxes such s excise, service tax etc., have been subsumed with a single tax structure. it is the responsibilities of both centre and state government to shoulder the important responsibility to cater the needs of the people and the nation as a whole.  The main basis of income to the government is through levy of taxes.  To meet the so called socio-economic needs and economic growth, taxes are considered as a main source of revenue for the government.  As per Wikipedia “A tax is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon tax payer by the government in order to fund various public expenditure”   it is said that tax payment is mandatory, failure to pay such taxes will be punishable under the law.   The Indian tax system is classified as direct and indirect tax.   The indirect taxes are levied on purchase, sale, and manufacture of goods and provision of service.  The indirect tax on goods and services increases its price, this can lead to inflationary trend.  Contribution of indirect taxes to total tax revenue is more than 50% in India, therefore, indirect tax is considered as a major source of tax revenue for the government, which in turn is one of source for GDP growth.  Though indirect tax is a major source of revenue, it had lot of hassles.  To overcome the major issues of indirect tax system the government of India subsumed most of the indirect tax which in turn gave birth to the concept called Goods and Service Tax.

Tax Expenditures and the Tax Reform Act of 1969 in the United States

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Seiichiro Mozumi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Federal Income Tax ◽  
Federal Taxation ◽  
The Government

Abstract In the United States, tax favoritism—an approach that has weakened the extractive capacity of the federal government by providing tax loopholes and preferences for taxpayers—has remained since the 1930s. It has consumed the amount of tax revenue the government can spend and therefore weakened the possibility of the redistribution of fiscal resources. It has also made the federal tax system complicated and inequitable, resulting in undermining taxpayer consent. Therefore, since the 1930s, a tax reform to create a simple, fair, and equitable federal income tax system with the capacity to raise revenue has been long overdue. Many scholars have evaluated the Tax Reform Act of 1969 (TRA69), which Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 30, 1969, as one of the most successful steps toward accomplishing this goal. This article demonstrates that TRA69 left tax favoritism in the United States. Furthermore, it points out that TRA69 turned taxpayers against the idea of federal taxation, a shift in public perception that greatly impacted tax reform in the years to follow.

scholarly journals Value Added Tax in Nepal: An Empirical Assessment

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
R. K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Sales Taxes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payers

In developing economies, resource gap is critical and widening resulting tohuge fiscal and budgetary deficits. Therefore, revenue mobilization is challenging proposition in an economy like Nepal where majority of the people live in abject poverty. Tax administration lacks innovative mechanism to identify new tax payers and bring them into tax-net. Tax reform agenda was the reform package and program of the government after the restoration of multiparty democracy system. In Nepal, VAT was introduced in 1997 to improve revenue mobilization through broadening the tax base and modernizing the tax system. In this process, the government had to face new problems that came along with the adoption of VAT. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and responsiveness of VAT in Nepal empirically and compare it with that of old system of sales taxes. The old system of sales taxes refers to the combined sales, entertainment, contracts, hotels, and air flight taxes received by the government before 1997/98.

scholarly journals « Domestiquer »  l’incertitude : Les sociétés d’État comme instrument d’adaptation aux changements économiques internationaux

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lacasse
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
International Environment ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Industrial Societies

The author recalls briefly the recent growth (20 years) of the Government controlled enterprises in the market economies : relative weight multiplied by three and mostly, a very strong diversification of their activities. Because pressure front the international environment is exerted on the old industrial societies like Canada in order that they redeploy, this trend will continue. Adaptations are made difficult and politically costly by social rigidness. In this connection, Government controlled enterprises offer very clear advantages compared to the other means available (flexibility, discretion, existence capacity of the adapters and late-comers, dispersion of forums of conflict, cooptation of the elites, real and expected contributions to growth). The forces which hinder the privatization of the Government controlled enterprises, coming from the conservative parties, are impressive : economic and political costs, possibilities of de facto privatization, the interests of the Government controlled enterprises themselves and their allies. In short, it is very likely that this trend will go on. In the face of this, the amount of expert knowledge leaves much to be desired'; some of the main lines of research are dead ends. The author outlines some new directions which will allow research to really integrate the Government controlled enterprises in the economic predictions and policy making.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SIKAP WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM PEMBAYARAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN (PBB) DI KECAMATAN MOTOLING DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vianny M.L. Wowor ◽  
Harijanto Sabijono ◽  
Heince R. N. Wokas
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Correlation Methods ◽  
The Law ◽  
Positive Effect

Land and Property Tax is a tax system with a semi self assesment where the moreproactive and cooperative do the calculations is revenue officer, the tax payable and distribute assignment to local governments through the regional Revenue Office based on the notice of Tax Objects is filled by the Taxpayer or the verification of revenue officer on field. Consciousness to be a taxpayer who dutifully is one of obedience to the law. Compliance with the payment of taxes including a code of conduct against tax law indiscriminately and did not escape from the exception. This research aims to know attitude of the taxpayer, the influence of the existence of sanctions, fines and influence service of revenue officeragainst taxpayer compliance in payments land and property tax to the districts in Motoling. This research using quantitative research correlation methods. The results showed that the attitude of the taxpayer do not affect positively against taxpayer compliance in payments to the land and property tax . However the existence of sanctions fines and good service from revenue officer give a positive effect against the land and property tax payment compliance in district Motoling. Penalties and good service from revenue officer increase taxpayer compliance in district Motoling in payments to the land and property tax.Key words: attitude of the taxpayers, sanctions, service of revenue officer, taxpayer compliance

scholarly journals GST: A Tax Reform for Sustainability of Indian Handicrafts

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Kritika Tekwani ◽  
Rinku Raghuvanshi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government

Purpose of the study: Taxation is one of a tool, which helps the Government for the achievement of the goal of sustainable development for every sector including handicraft. The objectives of this study are to know about Goods and Services Tax & its inferences on sustainable development of Indian handicrafts and to identify the role of GST as tax reform in the sustainable development of handicrafts sector in India. The Indian handicraft is economically important and it has more potential for exports. This sector places a major role in the Indian economy. Methodology:  The Descriptive method of research has been used to gather information about the existing conditions of GST and Handicraft sector of India. This study is based on secondary data. The data has been taken from different journals, books, magazines, websites, and published data from government institutions. This study is explanatory in nature. The collected data from different sources has been reviewed and data relevant to the handicraft sector further analyzed. The researcher concluded that how GST is helping Indian handicraft sector for sustainable development. Main Findings: GST brought transparency in the tax system and it also eliminated the multiple taxes, which ultimately increases the final prices. This study revealed that GST would make Indian handicrafts more competitive in the domestic and foreign markets. GST is fiscal tax reform which helps in the sustainable development of Indian handicrafts. This research study found that the handicraft sector of India became more organized, centralized, and regulated after the implementation of Goods and Services Tax. The implication of the study: GST implemented on July 01, 2017 with the aim of simplification of the tax system, fiscal structure, United Indian Market, and sustainable development in India. It is a comprehensive value-added tax which merged different taxes including VAT, service tax, surcharges, CST, etc. This study can be useful for future researchers, traders, and exporters to know the implication of GST in the handicraft sector. Traders and exporters can get knowledge about the GST, tax rates, and exports under LUT/ bond. This study may be benefited to the Government for further development in GST as per the findings of this study. Novelty/Originality of this study: GST is new tax reform in India, only a few studies have been done on it. As per the researcher ’ s best knowledge few studies have been carried out on GST and handicraft sector, but none of the study is carried out on this topic. This study highlights the unrevealed facts and figures about the role of GST in the sustainable development of the handicraft sector.

scholarly journals Does Home Rule Overrule the State`s Role? An Analysis of Property Tax Administration in New York State

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Tae Ho Eom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
New York State ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Tax System ◽  
York State

This essay analyzes the property tax system in New York State. Based on historical and comparative analyses of three critical factors in property tax administration-assessment standards, revaluation, and assessing units-this study reveals that the current property tax administration structure has deep roots in the "home rule" tradition in New York State, making it hard to achieve intradistrict equity in property tax burden for some assessing units. The study concludes that the state's lack of active role undermines public faith in the property tax system and in local governments. The state should not be overruled by the local government politics based on home rule.

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