Urban Images of Roman Authors

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Fleiss Lowenstein
Keyword(s):  
Literary Form ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
City Life ◽  
Urban Images ◽  
Urban Scene

In this age of rapid urbanization, with all that that term connotes, it is revealing to view the familiar and ofttimes troublesome attributes of city life from the perspectives of the sophisticated urbanites of an earlier era. Our aim, then, has been to glean from the writings of the ancient Romans their personal images of, impressions of, and attitudes toward life in a metropolitan environment. The period covered extends from the time of Cato through the end of the First Century A.D. If the satirists seem overly represented in this distribution of authors, the explanation is simply that the satirists chose to comment upon the conditions of city life more frequently and more intensely than did other writers. Horace even suggests that satire is the literary form most appropriate for commentary upon the urban scene (Satire II. 6).

Ancient and Modern Practices of Citizenship in Asia and the West

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Century ◽  
Care Of The Self ◽  
The West ◽  
City Life ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Point Of Departure

What does it mean to be a good citizen today? What are practices of citizenship? And what can we learn from the past about these practices to better engage in city life in the twenty-first century? Ancient and Modern Practices of Citizenship in Asia and the West: Care of the Self is a collection of papers that examine these questions. The contributors come from a variety of different disciplines, including architecture, urbanism, philosophy, and history, and their essays make comparative examinations of the practices of citizenship from the ancient world to the present day in both the East and the West. The papers’ comparative approaches, between East and West, and ancient and modern, leads to a greater understanding of the challenges facing citizens in the urbanized twenty-first century, and by looking at past examples, suggests ways of addressing them. While the book’s point of departure is philosophical, its key aim is to examine how philosophy can be applied to everyday life for the betterment of citizens in cities not just in Asia and the West but everywhere.

Sustaining Vernacular Architecture - Antiochia as a Sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Meltem Yýlmaz
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Building Design ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Climate History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

Much of the world, is currently experiencing intense growth, especially in and around cities. Most conventional practitioners of modern design and construction find it easier to make buildings as if nature and place did not exist. Cars and factories might be thought as the most obvious enemies of the environment, but buildings consume more than half the energy used worldwide. Attempts to destroy building traditions have been associated in some countries with a drive to modernize. Beyond the traditional aspects of dwelling, the impact of globalization and its effect on rural economies, environmental problems, rapid urbanization and the unprecedented scale of housing problems which confront the peoples of the world in the twenty-first century, bring a new urgency to the study of the vernacular architecture in a sustaining sense. In this work, the concept of “sustainability” will be taken into consideration especially within the building scale. Vernacular architecture in the past produced a built environment which met people's needs without deteriorating the environment. This paper discusses the concept of sustainability in building design and connects it to the vernacular architecture with the search of the vernacular Antiochia houses as a sample; focusing on its architectural properties in detail. The study concludes that what is expected of architects in the current century is, wherever they work, they are to understand and digest the nature of climate, history and culture, that is to say, to obtain inspiration from the essence of place and to contribute to the creation of relevant architecture and city for a sustainable future.

INTERNATIONALISING THE SONNET: TORU DUTT'S “SONNET – BAUGMAREE”

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Victorian Poetry ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Boundaries

“When the history of theliterature of our country comes to be written, there is sure to be a page in it dedicated to this fragile exotic blossom of song” (Dutt xxvii). This sentence is Edmund Gosse's famous final flourish to his memoir of Toru Dutt, which introduced her posthumous volumeAncient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan, published in 1882, five years after her death from tuberculosis at the age of twenty-one. But what would Dutt's page look like in the history of “our country,” by which Gosse means of course England? This question is a tricky one, because placing a late nineteenth-century Bengali who was a Europhile, a Christian convert, and an English-language woman poet within a British Victorian tradition is a simplistic, if not a problematic appropriation of a colonial subject into the centre of the British Empire. Where Dutt belongs has long preoccupied critics who try to recuperate her poetry for an Indian national poetic tradition, or for a transnational, cosmopolitan poetics. The issue of placing Dutt allows us also to press questions about the conception of Victorian poetry studies, its geographical, cultural, and national boundaries, not just in the nineteenth-century creation of a canon but in our current conception of the symbolic map of Victorian poetry. But, while recent critics have celebrated her poetry's embrace of global poetry as a challenge to the parochialism of national literary boundaries, Dutt's original English-language poetry also suggests an uneven, uncomfortable hybridity, and a wry, ironic interplay between distance and proximity that unfolds through her use of poetic form. This essay investigates what it means to “make something” of Toru Dutt, in the nineteenth century and in the twenty-first century, what is at stake for Victorian poetry studies in privileging Dutt and her multi-lingual writing, and whether her celebrated transnationalism might not also include a discomfort with hybridity that reveals itself through the relation between space and literary form in her poetry.

Doris Lessing and the Forming of History

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
First Century ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Youth Politics ◽  
European Cinema ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Post War

The death of Nobel Prize-winning Doris Lessing sparked a range of commemorations that cemented her place as one of the major figures of twentieth- and twenty-first- century world literature. This volume views Lessing’s writing as a whole and in retrospect, focusing on her innovative attempts to rework literary form to engage with the challenges thrown up by the sweeping historical changes through which she lived. Contributors provide new readings of Lessing’s work via contexts ranging from post-war youth politics and radical women’s writing to European cinema, analyse her experiments with genres from realism to autobiography and science-fiction, and draw on previously unstudied archive material. The volume also explores how Lessing’s writing can provide insight into some of the issues now shaping twenty-first century scholarship – including trauma, ecocriticism, the post-human, and world literature – as they emerge as defining challenges to our own present moment in history.

Global Cities in Analog: Modernism and Intercity Relations, 1900-1940

2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422110373
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Leon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Global City ◽  
First Century ◽  
Global Cities ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Labor Politics ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Political Economic

This article reflects on modernism from 1900 to 1940 on globalist terms. The turn of the twentieth century was a period of rapid urbanization, pronounced intellectual foment, labor politics, and severe colonial relations. Its upheavals formed the context for modernist approaches to city building. It was also a period of unprecedented interconnectedness where modernisms coalesced under a series of transnational movements. The Werkbund, Bauhaus, and Congrés Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM) gained international recognition, influencing the creation of whole cities. Global cities studies, the research program most responsible for conceptualizing urban networks, have oddly little to say about the modernist period that prefigured the global city. This article breaks this arbitrary barrier in global cities studies, which equate global cities with the advent of digital linkages. By doing so, it recognizes the international city as its immediate precursor, fostering remarkable political, economic, and social changes under the heading of modernism. The twenty-first century neoliberal city archetype looks politically limited by comparison, its ossified institutions in need of reinvigoration.

scholarly journals A Review of Ventilation and Environmental Control of Underground Spaces

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Huangcheng Yao ◽  
Faming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
First Century ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
Natural Energy ◽  
Control Technologies

Because of rapid urbanization, traffic problems, and other factors, underground spaces have been used more in the twenty-first century. Large underground spaces are required for underground city, metro, tunnel, mine, industrial and agricultural engineering, and civil air defense engineering. Underground spaces with varying thermal, ventilation, and lighting environments can face problems of comfort, health, and safety. High temperatures, high humidity, difficulty in flue gas emission, harmful microorganisms, radon, and physical and psychological problems are examples of issues. Air quality control technologies for underground spaces, such as ventilation, dehumidification, natural energy utilization, smoke extraction, and ventilation resistance reduction, are discussed. Ventilation for smoke-proofing/evacuation is also extensively addressed.

The Short Story, the New Weird, and the Literary Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Raphael Zähringer
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Weird Fiction ◽  
Literary Market

Abstract The short story is commonly – and very productively – treated in the spirit of critical terms such as marginality and liminality. Quite surprisingly, though, New Weird Fiction, which postulates similar interests in, e.g., formal and aesthetic innovation as well as literary ambition, is primarily associated with the novel. The underlying lack of interest in the New Weird Short Story in both popular culture and academic work is scrutinised in this article. In a first step, it will survey the short story as a liminal form, both formally and aesthetically, and contextualize it by drawing upon the state of the literary market in the twenty-first century. The contribution’s main argument is that the short story has always either been considered to be too ‘popular’ or too ‘literary’ in order to contest the novel as the prevalent literary form. Step two will perform a similar move regarding Weird Fiction, thus highlighting the parallels between the short and the Weird, and the need for more academic attention dedicated to the New Weird short story.

The Cross-Country/Cross-Class Drives of Don Draper/Dick Whitman: Examining Mad Men’s Hobo Narrative

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Jennifer Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
First Century ◽  
Television Show ◽  
White Masculinity ◽  
Madison Avenue ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Mad Men ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Material Conditions

This article examines how the critically acclaimed television show Mad Men (2007-2015) sells romanticized working-class representations to middle-class audiences, including contemporary cable subscribers. The television drama’s lead protagonist, Don Draper, exhibits class performatively in his assumed identity as a Madison Avenue ad executive, which is in constant conflict with his hobo-driven born identity of Dick Whitman. To fully examine Draper/Whitman’s cross-class tensions, I draw on the American literary form of the hobo narrative, which issues agency to the hobo figure but overlooks the material conditions of homelessness. I argue that the hobo narrative becomes a predominant but overlooked aspect of Mad Men’s period presentation, specifically one that is used as a technique for self-making and self-marketing white masculinity in twenty-first century U.S. cultural productions.

Roots and foundations

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-19
Author(s):  
John Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
John Snow ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the roots of modern public health to its foundations in the early nineteenth century. By describing the impact of rapid urbanization on the health conditions of the labouring poor, it sets the scene for an account of the work of the early pioneers such as Edwin Chadwick nationally, John Snow in London, and William Henry Duncan in Liverpool. It identifies a series of themes to guide the work of public health practitioners into the twenty-first century. These themes recur throughout the book as public health challenges evolve and mutate, society changes, and science offers greater opportunities for effective intervention.

Humanism and Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Strube
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
First Century ◽  
Fundamental Function ◽  
Intrinsic Connection ◽  
Humanist Education ◽  
Democratic Tradition

This chapter explores multiple connections between humanism and literature in Europe and the United States. The period covered extends from antiquity to the twenty-first century. The first part of the chapter discusses the intrinsic connection between literature and humanism, the humanist program and literary form, humanism institutionalizing literature since the Renaissance, and humanist education and liberal arts. The second part turns more directly to literary works (the nineteenth-century democratic tradition, Black humanism, and ecohumanism), presenting exemplary readings from humanist scholars. These readings show, first, how literature has continuously broadened the humanist focus, especially in terms of sociopolitical and intersectional themes, and second, that literature fulfills a fundamental function in humanist scholarship across the disciplines.

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