Diurnal Variations in Soil Temperature under Tea Plants

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Othieno
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Tea Plants

SUMMARYDiurnal variations in soil temperature were measured under tea plants with different kinds of mulches. During the early years after planting temperatures differed, depending on the type of mulch and its heat absorptivity. Black plastic and stone chippings showed the greatest diurnal variations, but the variations disappeared in all treatments when there was a ≥ 60% canopy. Tea plants themselves modify soil temperatures, which could affect growth and yield in places where soil temperatures are generally lower.

Effects of Mulches on Soil Temperature and Growth of Tea Plants in Kenya

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Othieno ◽  
P. M. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Temperature And Growth ◽  
Tea Plants

SUMMARYFive types of mulches (black plastic, stone chippings and three types of grass) and a control were used on young clonal tea plants following transplanting. Soil temperature differences were observed in the first two years but disappeared when the tea canopy had developed to cover over 40% or more of the soil surface. Stem diameter, yield (during the first two years) and total dry matter production were positively correlated with soil temperatures over the range 14–21°C. Beneficial effects of raising soil temperature by black plastic mulch were short-lived, but the detrimental effect of reducing temperature by grass mulches was more severe and long lasting. Grass mulches induced shallow rooting, as a result of which the tea was more susceptible to drought.

THE EFFECT OF ORCHARD SOIL MANAGEMENT ON SOIL TEMPERATURE AND APPLE TREE NUTRITION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
E. J. HOGUE ◽  
B. G. DROUGHT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Black Plastic

Soil temperature was measured from 1981 to 1985 at 0.2- and 1.0-m depths for four soil management treatments which included full ground cover, total vegetation control, shallow tillage and black plastic mulching in a high-density orchard planted to Bisbee Red Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing 26 rootstock. Ground cover suppression treatments, especially black plastic mulching, increased degree day accumulations above 10 °C in all 5 yr at 0.2-m and in 3 yr at 1.0-m depths relative to full ground cover. However, these treatments also resulted in more extreme temperature fluctuations as characterized by higher summer maximum and lower winter minimum temperatures under black plastic mulching. Despite a potential for more extreme soil temperatures, apple yield was significantly higher under black plastic relative to full ground cover. For these two contrasting temperature treatments, leaf N and Mg concentrations were usually significantly higher under black plastic while leaf P and K were consistently higher and leaf Ca and Zn were occasionally higher under full ground cover. Most of these differences were, with the possible exception of leaf Zn, attributed to the competition for, or recycling of, nutrients by orchard floor vegetation. Mean monthly soil temperatures at the two depths under the four soil management treatments could be predicted by simple linear regression techniques from soil temperature measurements at the Summerland Research Station Meteorological Recording Site. Key words: Bisbee Delicious apples, degree days, ground cover, suppression, black plastic mulching, leaf nutrition

scholarly journals 534 PB 014 QUANTIFICATION OF THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE MULCHES WHICH INFLUENCE SOIL TEMPERATURE AND BELL PEPPER PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 508a-508
Author(s):  
Heather Hatt Graham ◽  
Margaret J. McMahon ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau ◽  
Dale E. Linvill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic

Commercially available polyethylene mulches were evaluated for their influence on spectral properties (absorption, reflection, and transmission) and soil temperature during the growing season. Vegetative growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Keystone Resistant Giant No. 3) plants were evaluated for each mulch. Black plastic had the greatest absorption (95%) of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF; 400-700 nm). White plastic had the greatest reflection (6575%) of PPF and blue (400-500 nm) light. The Alor selective mulch had the greatest reflective far-red/red ratio (730-740/640-650 nm) of light. Clear plastic had the greatest transmission (90%) of PPF and blue light. Soil temperature was coolest under the white mulch (32 C) and warmest under the clear mulch (52 C) when measured at maximum soil temperature in the early afternoon (1400 to 1800 hrs). Vegetative growth and yield were greatest for plants grown on the white mulch treatment and lowest for plants grown on the clear mulch treatment.

GROWTH AND YIELD OF OATS AS INFLUENCED BY SOIL TEMPERATURE, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE SUPPLY

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Yield Of Oats

Oats were grown in the greenhouse under four soil moisture regimes at each of several combinations of aerial and soil temperatures. In one series of experiments, both air and soil temperature was controlled at 13, 18.5 and 24 °C. A second series involved the same soil temperatures but a single air temperature (18.5 °C) was common to all soil temperatures. Air and soil temperatures higher than 13 °C reduced yield more drastically than soil temperatures above 13 °C. It is suggested that high air temperature placed a restriction on root growth that was not offset by the most favorable soil temperature employed. High temperatures and high levels of soil moisture increased the rate of stem elongation and the height at heading but reduced the time between emergence and heading. Increased height which resulted from high levels of moisture increased yield, but increased height resulting from high temperature was associated with reduced yield.

scholarly journals The Effects of Colored Plastic Mulches and Row Covers on the Growth and Yield of Okra

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry G. Gordon ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee ◽  
Stewart T. Reed ◽  
James E. Brown ◽  
Edgar L. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Black Plastic

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus ‘Clemson Spineless’) was grown on an Orangeburg sandy loam soil in Shorter, AL. Okra was direct-seeded in single rows. Treatments consisted of five mulch colors: black, white, red, silver, and blue installed either with or without spun-bonded row cover. Soil temperatures were 4 to 7 °C lower than air temperatures in all treatments. The use of darker (black, blue, red) -colored plastic mulches increased early and total yield of okra compared with bare soil with and without row cover. Increased soil and air temperatures did not always correlate to an increase in yield. It can be concluded that the use of dark plastic mulch is advantageous to growers of okra in climates that do not have cool springs, but the added use of row covers to plastic mulch has no effect on growth and yield. The profit of marketable okra produced using a row cover was $1.37 versus $1.35 per pound without a cover in 2003 and $1.28 versus $1.29 per pound in 2004. Blue plastic mulch is ≈$0.08 per foot more expensive than black plastic. Our data do not show an economic advantage for blue over black mulch for okra, but the positive effect cited by other authors may be more pronounced with leafy vegetables.

scholarly journals Simulation of Daily Mean Soil Temperatures for Agricultural Land Use Considering Limited Input Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Philipp Grabenweger ◽  
Branislava Lalic ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Jan Balek ◽  
Erwin Murer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dimensional Simulation ◽  
Limited Input Data

A one-dimensional simulation model that simulates daily mean soil temperature on a daily time-step basis, named AGRISOTES (AGRIcultural SOil TEmperature Simulation), is described. It considers ground coverage by biomass or a snow layer and accounts for the freeze/thaw effect of soil water. The model is designed for use on agricultural land with limited (and mostly easily available) input data, for estimating soil temperature spatial patterns, for single sites (as a stand-alone version), or in context with agrometeorological and agronomic models. The calibration and validation of the model are carried out on measured soil temperatures in experimental fields and other measurement sites with various climates, agricultural land uses and soil conditions in Europe. The model validation shows good results, but they are determined strongly by the quality and representativeness of the measured or estimated input parameters to which the model is most sensitive, particularly soil cover dynamics (biomass and snow cover), soil pore volume, soil texture and water content over the soil column.

scholarly journals A simple model for predicting soil temperature in snow-covered and seasonally frozen soil: model description and testing

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rankinen ◽  
T. Karvonen ◽  
D. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Abstract. Microbial processes in soil are moisture, nutrient and temperature dependent and, consequently, accurate calculation of soil temperature is important for modelling nitrogen processes. Microbial activity in soil occurs even at sub-zero temperatures so that, in northern latitudes, a method to calculate soil temperature under snow cover and in frozen soils is required. This paper describes a new and simple model to calculate daily values for soil temperature at various depths in both frozen and unfrozen soils. The model requires four parameters: average soil thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity of soil, specific heat capacity due to freezing and thawing and an empirical snow parameter. Precipitation, air temperature and snow depth (measured or calculated) are needed as input variables. The proposed model was applied to five sites in different parts of Finland representing different climates and soil types. Observed soil temperatures at depths of 20 and 50 cm (September 1981–August 1990) were used for model calibration. The calibrated model was then tested using observed soil temperatures from September 1990 to August 2001. R2-values of the calibration period varied between 0.87 and 0.96 at a depth of 20 cm and between 0.78 and 0.97 at 50 cm. R2-values of the testing period were between 0.87 and 0.94 at a depth of 20cm, and between 0.80 and 0.98 at 50cm. Thus, despite the simplifications made, the model was able to simulate soil temperature at these study sites. This simple model simulates soil temperature well in the uppermost soil layers where most of the nitrogen processes occur. The small number of parameters required means that the model is suitable for addition to catchment scale models. Keywords: soil temperature, snow model

scholarly journals Quality control of 10-min soil temperatures data at RMI

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bertrand ◽  
L. González Sotelino ◽  
M. Journée
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Observation ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Energy Processes

Abstract. Soil temperatures at various depths are unique parameters useful to describe both the surface energy processes and regional environmental and climate conditions. To provide soil temperature observation in different regions across Belgium for agricultural management as well as for climate research, soil temperatures are recorded in 13 of the 20 automated weather stations operated by the Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) of Belgium. At each station, soil temperature can be measured at up to 5 different depths (from 5 to 100 cm) in addition to the bare soil and grass temperature records. Although many methods have been developed to identify erroneous air temperatures, little attention has been paid to quality control of soil temperature data. This contribution describes the newly developed semi-automatic quality control of 10-min soil temperatures data at RMI.

PENGARUH JENIS MULSA DAN PUPUK GANDASIL-B TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsium frustescens L.) PADA TANAH GAMBUT PEDALAMAN (The Effect of Mulch Type and Gandasil-B Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum fr

AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Admin Journal
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Black Plastic

                                                                                                                                       ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to investigate the effect of mulch type and gandasil-B fertilizer on the growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) on inland peat soil. The method used in this research was two-factor Randomized Block Design with split plot arrangement and three replications. The main plot was the mulch type which consists of three treatments, namely: control, cogon grass and silver-black plastic mulch, and as sub plot was the dose of gandasil-B which consists of four 4 levels, namely: 0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1 water. Results showed that the interaction between different types of mulch and gandasil-B fertilizer only had significant effect on the diameter of the stem, the number of productive branch, the number of fruit per plant, and the weight of fruit per plant. The utilization of silver-black plastic mulch and gandasil- B fertilizer at the concentration of 3 g L-1 water showed more number of productive branch (14.00 branches) and number of fruit (151.17 fruits) per plant and the weight of fruit (166.52 g) per plant was significantly higher.Keywords : Mulch, cogon grass, silver-black plastic, Gandasil-B, inland peat soil                                                                                                                                       ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan pupuk gandasil-B terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum fruestescens L.) pada tanah gambut pedalaman. Percobaan ini menggunaakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) disusun secara split plot dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama, yaitu jenis mulsa terdiri dari tiga jenis, yaitu : kontrol, mulsa alang-alang dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pupuk Gandasil-B terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : 0, 1, 2 dan 3 g L-1 air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi penggunaan jenis mulsa dengan pupuk gandasil-B hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman. Penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan pupuk gandasil-B 3 g L-1 air diperoleh jumlah cabang produktif (14.00 cabang) dan jumlah buah (151.17 buah) per tanaman) nyata lebih banyak dan berat buah (166.52 g) per tanaman nyata lebih tinggi.Kata kunci : Mulsa, alang-alang, plastik hitam perak, pupuk gandasil-B, gambut pedalaman

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