scholarly journals Effects of High Soil Surface Temperature on Seedling Survival in Pearl Millet

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Peacock ◽  
P. Soman ◽  
R. Jayachandran ◽  
A. U. Rani ◽  
C. J. Howarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature

SummaryA field technique to screen pearl millet genotypes for their emergence and survival at high soil surface temperatures is described. Genetic variation in seedling emergence and survival is shown and it is argued that this variation is largely due to tolerance of high temperatures rather than tolerance of soil moisture deficit, although some interaction occurred. An index for ‘thermotolerance’ is defined and genotypes are ranked accordingly for this trait, which is shown to be highly heritable. The technique is repeatable and allows a large number of genotypes to be screened at the same time.

scholarly journals A Laboratory Technique to Screen Seedling Emergence of Sorghum and Pearl Millet at High Soil Temperature

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Soman ◽  
J. M. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
High Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Pots

SUMMARYApparatus was built to screen sorghum and pearl millet for seedling emergence through a hot soil surface. Seeds were sown in soil in long clay pots arranged in a steel water tank so that the top 7 cm of the pots was above the water level. The soil in the pots was heated with infra-red lamps fitted to a frame above the tank. By adjusting the height of the frame the temperature of the soil could be changed. The system allows emerging plumules to be subjected to high soil temperatures (up to 50°C) but without water stress. Both crops exhibited genotypic differences in emergence.

Seed-bank and seedling dynamics in Hyparrhenia hirta are influenced by herbicide application and mowing management

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Chejara ◽  
P. Kristiansen ◽  
B. M. Sindel ◽  
R. D. B. Whalley ◽  
C. Nadolny
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Seedling Dynamics ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival

Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Coolatai grass) is a summer-active, C4 perennial tussock grass, native to southern Africa and the Mediterranean region, which has invaded areas of native flora in Australia in recent decades. Understanding its seed and seedling dynamics and how various management treatments (e.g. mowing, herbicide and no management) affect these may assist in identifying the conditions and management strategies required to limit its invasion. The population dynamics of H. hirta have not been comprehensively studied previously. A 2-year field experiment (December 2005–December 2007) was conducted to determine the seed-bank size, pattern of seedling emergence and survival of H. hirta seedlings at three sites in northern New South Wales, Australia, under three treatments: unmanaged (control), mowing and herbicide treatments. The density of H. hirta seeds in the soil at each experimental site under different treatments was measured in December 2005 at the start of the experiment, in December 2006 before the application of the second round of treatments and again at the end of the experiment in December 2007. Hyparrhenia hirta seedlings were assessed at monthly intervals in permanent quadrats (0.5 × 0.5 m) to determine seedling emergence and survival. Seedling emergence occurred on many occasions during the 2-year period of the experiment in each treatment and at all sites but the main seedling flushes were observed from mid summer to early autumn. In 2007, at all sites, seedling emergence declined by more than 90% on the mowing and herbicide treatments compared with the control treatment. Seedling survival was greater in the mowing and herbicide treatments than in the control treatment. The seedling cohorts emerging in winter had a lower survival. This study showed that H. hirta infestations have a large viable seed-bank (~3000 m–2), dependent on the level of infestation and climatic conditions, but that the seed-bank declines rapidly when seed addition is prevented. Some form of direct control of established H. hirta plants in combination with providing appropriate grazing management to encourage competition between grasses will assist in the control of H. hirta.

Seedling emergence and survival of Warea carteri (Brassicaceae), an endangered annual herb of the Florida Scrub

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Weekley ◽  
Eric S. Menges ◽  
Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Annual Plants ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Florida Scrub ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

Seedling emergence and survival to flowering are critical processes in the life history of annual plants. We evaluated the importance of year and habitat on seedling emergence and the effects of year, habitat, timing of seedling emergence, and seedling density on survival of Warea carteri Small, an annual mustard endemic to Florida scrub. We tagged 1329 seedlings in 78 permanent 0.25 m2 quadrats in two habitats (scrub and disturbed) between 1999 and 2002 and followed seedlings monthly. Most (>80%) seedling emergence occurred between September and December. Emergence peaked 2 months earlier and was more variable in disturbed sites than in scrub. Seedling survival among years ranged from 3.5% to 12.0%. Seedling density varied from 1 to 75 per 0.25 m2 quadrat, with an overall median of 6.0. Survival was not density dependent. Median age at flowering ranged from 11.7 to 15.2 months, with late season recruits most likely to survive to flowering. Warea carteri recruits like a winter annual but flowers like a summer annual. Its delayed germination and a 12–15 month life span contribute to population cycling. Complete reproductive failure in unfavorable years, high seed production in favorable years, low rates of seed germination, and a persistent seed bank are consistent with predictions for an annual species in a variable habitat.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL PROTECTOR IN DIRECT SOWING OF BARU INFLUENCING IN THE INITIAL GROWTH OF THE SEEDLINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Rogério Costa da Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Leite de Lima ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Guilherme Marchesini Trevizani ◽  
João Batista Leite Junior
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Direct Sowing

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of using physical protectors on the emergence and initial growth of Baru seedlings in a direct sowing system. The experiment was installed in a randomized complete block design, testing the use of physical protectors (no protection, P0; plastic cup (500 mL) without the bottom, P1; laminated wood, P2), with 12 repetitions. Weekly soil temperature monitoring was carried out in the morning and in the afternoon in the period between 14 and 56 days after sowing (DAS). Daily emergence follow-up was also performed, and the stem diameter, total height and number of leaves were measured at 81 DAS. The use of physical protectors in the direct seeding of Baru interfered in the soil surface temperature on the sowing point, on the seedling emergence speed index, seedling survival, stem diameter and seedling height. Implementing protectors slowed the seedling emergence speed, however it provided higher percentages of emergence, survival and greater growth in diameter and height.

scholarly journals Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris L) seedling emergence and survival in Golden Bay dairy pastures

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Lusk ◽  
S.L. Lamoureaux ◽  
G.W. Bourd?t
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival ◽  
Ranunculus Acris ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris L) is an unpalatable weed in New Zealand dairy pastures and is estimated to cost the dairy industry over 150 million annually in lost milk solids revenue In this study the survival of giant buttercup seedlings was determined by following their fates in permanent plots on eight randomly selected dairy farms in the Takaka Valley from November 2004 to August 2008 Seedling emergence occurred yearround but tended to be higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn Seedling survival was very low with less than 5 of seedlings surviving beyond 12 months Seedlings that germinated in autumn had significantly higher survival at 6 and 12 months (22 and 12 respectively) than seedlings germinating in spring summer and winter (37 and 23 respectively) Good pasture management that prevents overgrazing and pugging in autumn and winter should reduce the autumn flush of seedlings and minimise their survival

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar on Soil Temperature under High Soil Surface Temperature in Coal Mined Arid and Semiarid Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8238
Author(s):  
Jibing Xiong ◽  
Runhua Yu ◽  
Ejazul Islam ◽  
Fuhai Zhu ◽  
Jianfeng Zha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature

High soil surface temperature and loosened soil are major limiting factors of plant productivity in arid and semi-arid coal mining areas of China. Moreover, the extensive and illegitimate burning of crop residues is causing environmental pollution; whereas, these residues could be converted to biochar to benefit soil quality. In this study, the effect of wheat straw biochar (WSB) at rates of 0% (control, CK), 1% (low, LB), 2% (medium, MB) and 4% (high, HB) on soil temperature at different depths (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) and moisture levels (10 and 20%) was investigated under high soil surface temperature of 50 °C and air humidity of 40%. Our data suggested that soil bulk density was inversely, and soil moisture was directly corelated with soil thermal parameters. Moreover, the increasing rate of WSB addition linearly decreased the soil thermal properties. The maximum decrease in soil bulk density at both moisture levels (10% and 20%) was measured in HB treatment compared to respective CKs. The highest decrease in soil thermal conductivity (59.8% and 24.7%) was found under HB treatment in comparison to respective controls (CK10% and CK20% moisture). The soil volumetric heat capacity was also strongly corelated with soil moisture content (r = 0.91). The WSB treatments displayed differential responses to soil temperature. Under 10% soil moisture, temperature of LB, MB and HB treatments was higher as compared to CK at 5–20 cm depth, and MB treated soil had the smallest increase in temperature. At the 15-cm depth, the MB treatment decreased the temperature by 0.93 °C as compared to the CK20%. Therefore, the effect of WSB on soil temperature was influenced by soil moisture content, soil depth and WSB application rates. It suggested that MB treatment could be a useful farming practice for mitigating soil temperature fluctuation.

Germination of Piptochaetium Napostaense (Speg.) Hackel and Stipa Tenuis Phil. And Seedling Survival Under Field Conditions.

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Distel ◽  
DV Pelae ◽  
OA Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival ◽  
Neighbouring Plant ◽  
High Level

The objectives of this work were to investigate the germination of Piptochaetium napostaense and Stipa tenuis under laboratory conditions and to evaluate the effects of different plant canopy cover on seedling emergence and survival of the two species in the field. Fresh seeds of both species present a high level of dormancy associated with the lemma and palea, preventing seedling emergence immediately after the seeds fall in NovemberPecember. Seventy per cent of the seedlings of both species emerged in autumn. The germination behavior of these grass species may be an ecological adaptation serving to avoid seedling loss through exposure to the high temperatures and drought occurring during summer in the Calden District. Seedling survival was greater in the grazed, low plant canopy cover site, indicating that a certain degree of disturbance to reduce neighbouring plant interference favours seedling establishment in both species.

Effects of overstory tree density, site preparation and ground vegetation on natural Scots pine seedling emergence and survival in northern boreal pine forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Johannes Kyrö ◽  
Ville Hallikainen ◽  
Sauli Valkonen ◽  
Mikko Hyppönen ◽  
Pasi Puttonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence And Survival

Natural regeneration is commonly used forest regeneration method in Northern Finland. It is not known however, what would be the optimal overstory density and ground vegetation composition for seedling emergence and survival, and if site preparation is needed to accompany overstory density manipulation. We studied the effects of overstory density (unthinned control and thinning to 50, 150 and 250 trees ha-1) and ground vegetation removal (mechanical site preparation with disc trenching) on the number of naturally germinated pine seedlings and survival of individual seedlings during 8-11 years. Bare mineral soil was a superior seedbed compared to intact vegetation cover, even though also mortality rate was high on mineral soil. Greater cover of lingonberry, crowberry and slash had a negative effect on seedling number. Seedling mortality was initially high (60% died during the first two years) but decreased throughout the first five years. The mineral soil in the elevated part of disc trencher track showed twice the survival rate in the bottom part of the track. High coverage of small haired mosses was associated with poorer seedling survival. An overstory density of 50-150 trees ha-1 with site preparation seems to be an efficient treatment to promote regeneration under these circumstances.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Combined Use of Gamma Radiation and Ethylmethane Sulfonate on Early Growth Parameters in Sorghum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliata Athon Wanga ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Lydia N. Horn ◽  
Fatma Sarsu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Ethylmethane Sulfonate ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

Success in inducing genetic variation through mutagenic agents is dependent on the source and dose of application. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum doses of a single and combined use of gamma radiation and ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) for effective mutation breeding in sorghum. The study involved two concurrent experiments as follows: in experiment I, the seeds of four sorghum genotypes (‘Parbhani Moti’, ‘Parbhani Shakti’, ‘ICSV 15013′, and ‘Macia’) were treated using gamma radiation (0, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy), EMS (0, 0.5 and 1.0%), and gamma radiation followed by EMS (0 and 300 Gy and 0.1% EMS; 400 Gy and 0.05% EMS). In experiment II, the seeds of two genotypes (‘Macia’ and ‘Red sorghum’) were treated with seven doses of gamma radiation only (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy). Overall, the combined applied doses of gamma radiation and EMS are not recommended due to poor seedling emergence and seedling survival rate below LD50. The best dosage of gamma radiation for genotypes Red sorghum, Parbhani Moti, Macia, ICSV 15013 and Parbhani Shakti ranged between 392 and 419 Gy, 311 and 354 Gy, 256 and 355 Gy, 273 and 304 Gy, and 266 and 297 Gy, respectively. The EMS optimum dosage ranges for genotypes Parbhani Shakti, ICSV 15013, Parbhani Moti and Macia were between 0.41% and 0.60%, 0.48% and 0.58%, 0.46% and 0.51%, and 0.36% and 0.45%, respectively. The above dose rates are useful to induce genetic variation in the tested sorghum genotypes for greater mutation events in sorghum breeding programs.

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