COTTON RESPONSES TO SHADE AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES: GROWTH, LINT YIELD AND FIBRE QUALITY

Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) has variable effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plant growth, development and lint yield, but little is known about the responses of yield, yield components and fibre quality to low PPFD at different developmental stages. Field studies were conducted in 1993–95 to determine the effects of an 8-d period of shade (63% reduction in PPFD) imposed at different developmental stages (pinhead square (PHS), first flower (FF), peak flower (PF) and boll development (BD)) on cotton growth, lint yield, yield components and fibre quality. Shade for 8 d at the early square stage did not affect cotton growth and yield. Shade during FF, PF and BD increased fruit abscission, and decreased specific leaf weight, dry matter accumulation, lint yield, fibre micronaire, and fibre strength compared with the unshaded control. The detrimental effect of shade on yield increased with later growth stages. Shade at the FF, PF and BD stages decreased lint yield by 18, 34 and 52% in 1993, and by 18, 21 and 29% in 1994 respectively compared with the unshaded control. Shade caused the greatest decrease in the dry weight (DW) of fruits (squares + flowers + bolls) and the smallest decrease in leaf DW among leaves, stems and fruits. Of the three yield components (boll number, boll weight and lint percentage), boll number was the most sensitive to shade. Shade during squaring and early flowering had little effect on average boll weight, and did not affect lint percentage. Decreased yield of cotton shaded during FF and PF appeared to be related to decreased boll retention. Shade during BD decreased both boll retention and average boll weight. Under shade conditions, fibre micronaire and fibre strength were decreased, while other fibre properties were unaffected. These results help explain the yield response of field-grown cotton to low PPFD stress.

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Performance of male-sterile stocks of cotton as parents and hybrids

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9760243 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

NJ Thomson

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Yield Components ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Yield Component ◽

Lint Yield ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Lint Percentage ◽

Genomic Changes ◽

Boll Weight

Two male-sterile lines of G. hirsutum containing G. anomalum or G. arboreum cytoplasm, their respective maintainer lines, and the M8 variety from which the male sterility stocks had been derived, were crossed reciprocally with each of three male fertility-restoring varieties. The F1 hybrids of the four male sterility stocks did not differ significantly in either lint yield or boll numbers. However, significant though small differences occurred in other traits including boll weight, lint percentage, seedling growth and some fibre properties. Pair-wise comparisons between sets of hybrids containing anomalum v. hirsutum, anomalum v. barbadense, arboreum v. hirsutum and arboreum v. barbadense cytoplasms showed that the diploid species cytoplasms did not significantly affect lint yield or the yield components of number of bolls and boll weight, while the other yield component, lint percentage, was only affected in one instance. Significant cytoplasmic differences in other attributes were rare. The recurrent G. hirsutum parent M8 outyielded its sterile derivatives both as a cultivar and as a hybrid parent. The yield decline of the male-sterile stocks was ascribed to nuclear (genomic) changes resulting from strong selection pressure for sterility during their development. It was concluded that, while the production of cotton hybrids from these male-sterile stocks is technically feasible, their practical utility is limited.

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Evaluation of breeding potential of introgression lines developed from inter-specific crossing between upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Gossypium barbadense

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.80.3.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (03) ◽

Author(s):

S. M. Palve ◽

P. K. Mandhyan ◽

V. N. Waghmare ◽

N. Kate

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Yield Components ◽

Upland Cotton ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Introgression Lines ◽

Interspecific Crosses ◽

Fibre Strength ◽

Fibre Quality ◽

Single Plant ◽

Boll Weight

Interspecific crosses were attempted between Suraj (G. Hirsutum) and Suvin (G. Barbadense) in order to introgress fibre quality genes in elite genotypes of upland cotton. The results of 201BC1F4 individual single plant selections of 19 progenies indicated that the average values of introgression lines for all the yield components except boll number had higher values than the parental gentotypes. The ginning percentage (40.9-47.2%), boll weight (2.5-8.4g) and fibre strength (21.6-31.2 g/tex) indicated genetic improvement of the traits. BC1F4 progenies SPS 32-94, SPS 33-94, SPS 39-94, SPS 45-31, SPS 46-31, SPS 48-31, SPS 49-31 and SPS 50-31 were found to be promising for use in cotton breeding programme.

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Sowing Density Effects in Cotton Yields and Its Components

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9070349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Manuel Guzman ◽

Luis Vilain ◽

Tatiana Rondon ◽

Juan Sanchez

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Cotton Lint ◽

Boll Weight ◽

Cotton Lint Yield ◽

Weight Number ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Number Of Seeds

Evaluation of sowing density is an important factor for achieving maximum yields without affecting other agronomic traits. Field experiments were conducted during three consecutive years (2008, 2009 and 2010) to determinate the effect of four sowing density (62,500; 83,333; 100,000 and 142,857 pl ha−1) on yields and its components of two cotton varieties, ‘Delta Pine 16′ and ‘SN-290′ in Venezuela. The traits evaluated were lint yield, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, 100-seed weight, and fiber content. Highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed among genotypes, sowing density and their interactions for all traits. Sowing density was not affected by year factor. High lint yield was found in ‘SN-290′ (4216.2 kg ha−1) at 100,000 pl ha−1; and in ‘Delta Pine 16′ (3917.3 kg ha−1) at 83,333 pl ha−1. The highest sowing density (142,857 pl ha−1), decrease lint yield and yield components in the genotypes. The highest boll weight was obtained by ‘SN-290′ with 6.4 g in average. All sowing densities evaluated resulted in lint percentages above 40%. Cotton lint yield was positively correlated with all yield components. Our results indicate that highest lint yields could be obtained with sowing densities between 83,333 and 100,000 pl ha−1 depending upon varieties used across savannahs of Venezuela.

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Cotton farming systems in Australia: factors contributing to changed yield and fibre quality

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13172 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (8) ◽

pp. 834 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M. V. Braunack

Keyword(s):

Fibre Length ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Fibre Strength ◽

Fibre Quality ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Fertiliser Use ◽

Applied Nitrogen

This study was undertaken to identify factors in Australian cotton farming systems that influence yield and fibre quality of cotton and how these have changed with time after the wide adoption of Bollgard II® cultivars (containing the proteins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab, providing easier control of Helicoverpa spp.) in the 2003–04 season. Data from Australian commercial cotton variety trials conducted from 2004 to 2011 were used to link management inputs, yield, and fibre quality. Restricted (residual) maximum likelihood (REML) and regression analyses were used to determine which factors had a significant effect on yield and fibre quality. Results showed that lint yield was significantly influenced by cultivar and growing region, and the interaction between region and the amount of applied nitrogen and phosphorus (kg ha–1), plant stand (plants ha–1), in-crop rainfall (mm) and the number of irrigations, season length (days), and days to defoliation. Generally, the same factors also influenced fibre quality. Regression analysis captured 41, 71, 50, 30, and 36% of the variability in lint yield, fibre length, micronaire, fibre strength, and trash, respectively, for irrigated systems. For dryland systems the variability captured was 97, 87, 77 80, and 78%, respectively. Changes in cotton farming systems from 2004 to 2011 have occurred with applied nitrogen fertiliser increasing under irrigation and decreasing under dryland systems. However, phosphorus fertiliser use has remained steady under irrigated and decreased under dryland systems, and the number of insect sprayings has decreased under both systems. Under irrigated systems, lint yield, fibre length, and trash levels increased while micronaire and fibre strength decreased. Under dryland systems, lint yield decreased while micronaire, fibre length, strength, and trash levels increased. All fibre quality parameters satisfied criteria that would not incur a penalty. The results considering which factors are the most important and which are of lesser importance provide some insight to changes in management in both irrigated and dryland systems and the effect on lint yield and fibre quality and provide some basis for future investment in research and development and extension to the Australian cotton industry.

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Early Relay Intercropping of Short-Season Cotton Increases Lint Yield and Earliness by Improving the Yield Components and Boll Distribution under Wheat-Cotton Double Cropping

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11121294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1294

Author(s):

Guoping Wang ◽

Lu Feng ◽

Liantao Liu ◽

Yongjiang Zhang ◽

Anchang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Double Cropping ◽

Short Season ◽

Relay Intercropping

Wheat-cotton double cropping has improved crop productivity and economic benefits per unit land area in many countries, including China. However, relay intercropping of full-season cotton and wheat, the most commonly adopted mode, is labor-intensive and unconducive to mechanization. The direct sowing of short-season cotton after wheat (CAW) has been successful, but cotton yields and economic benefits are greatly reduced. Whether the relay intercropping of short-season cotton before the wheat harvest increases cotton yields remains unclear, as does the earliness and fiber quality relative to those for CAW. Therefore, we directly planted short-season cotton after wheat harvest on 15 June (CAW) as the control and interplanted short-season cotton in wheat on 15 May (S1), 25 May (S2) and 5 June (S3), which were 30, 20 and 10 days prior to wheat harvest, respectively, from 2016 to 2018. The crop growth, yield, yield components, boll distribution, and earliness of the cotton were evaluated. The yields and earliness of short-season cotton under relay intercropping were 26.7–30.6% and 20.4–42.9% higher than those under CAW, respectively. Compared with CAW, relay intercropping treatments increased the boll density, boll weight and lint percentage by 5.6–13.1%, 12.5–24.5% and 5.8–12.7%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation and harvest index under the relay intercropping treatments were also greater than those under CAW, which might be attributed to the greater partitioning of dry matter to the seed cotton than to the boll shells. Among the relay intercropping treatments (S1, S2 and S3), the lint yield did not differ, but S1 and S2 were considerably better than S3 based on earliness and fiber quality. The analysis of the within-plant spatial boll distribution showed that more bolls were formed on the lower to middle fruiting branches and at the first fruiting sites for S1 and S2 than for S3 and CAW. Therefore, the increased earliness and fiber quality induced through early relay intercropping (S1 and S2) could be attributed to an improved spatial boll distribution compared to late relay intercropping (S3) or CAW. Conclusively, compared to late relay intercropping and CAW, early relay intercropping considerably increased the lint yield, fiber quality, and earliness by improving the yield components, boll distribution, and dry matter accumulation and partitioning. The relay intercropping of short-season cotton 20 to 30 days before wheat harvest represents a promising alternative to CAW in wheat-cotton double-cropping systems in the Yellow River Basin of China and other regions with similar conditions.

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Heterosis and combining ability of American and African cotton cultivars in a low latitude under high-yeild conditions

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9710759 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 759 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

NJ Thomson

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

General Combining Ability ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Strength Index ◽

Lint Percentage ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Boll Weight ◽

Index Variation

A diallel cross of nine cultivars of Gossypium hirsutum L. (race latifolium), grouped on a basis of origin and staple characteristics into African uplands and American high quality and ordinary quality uplands, was used to examine heterosis and combining ability effects. Heterosis associated with the African cultivars, in combination either with the American cultivars or with each other, at an average of 22 % was approximately double that associated with either American group of cultivars. A number of hybrids significantly outyielded the standard commercial cultivar of the region, Stoneville 7A. The best hybrid yielded 271 kg lint/ha more than Stoneville's yield of 1622 kg lint/ha. This increase was brought about by heterosis in the three yield components: number of bolls, boll weight, and lint percentage. Heterosis was also marked for early height with all groups but was absent or only slight for mature height. No significant heterotic effects were demonstrated for micronaire value or Pressley strength index. Variation due to general combining ability predominated in all traits, particularly for lint yield, number of bolls, boll weight, and mature height. Even when significant, the specific combining ability component of variance was much less than the general combining ability component. All three African cultivars and the ordinary quality American type Stoneville 7A had high general combining ability for lint yield and number of bolls and should be valuable parents for use in a breeding programme. Lint yield in the F1 population was strongly genetically correlated with number of bolls but negatively correlated with boll weight, not associated with lint percentage, and slightly negatively associated with micronaire value and Pressley strength index.

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Intra-varietal variability and response to single plant selection in Gossypium hirsutum L.: I. Phenotypic variability

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600057154 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 135-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. J. Thomson

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Lint Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Cotton Yield ◽

Seed Cotton ◽

Wet Season ◽

Lint Percentage ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Seed Cotton Yield ◽

Boll Weight

SummaryPopulations of spaced plants of each of the four American upland cotton varieties Deltapine Smooth Leaf, Rex Smooth Leaf, Pope, and Rex and one African upland variety, Bar 7/8, were grown in the 1965–6 wet season at Kimberley Research Station, in the Ord River valley, Western Australia. The number of bolls, boll weight, lint percentage, seed cotton yield, lint yield, micronaire value, mature height, and morphological type were recorded for each plant.For all varieties the range of each attribute was wide; for example, for a typicalvariety, boll weight ranged from 3·0 to 7·8 g, lint percentage from 30·5 to 43·5%, micronaire value from 3·3 to 5·9 units, and mature height from 78 to 195 cm.The most variable varieties judged on coefficients of variation were those maintained at the station for the longest period without selection while the most recent accession was the least variable.Frequency distributions for all attributes in each population departed significantly from normality: the majority showed both significant skewness and kurtosis. Positive skewness shown for the yield parameters seed-cotton yield, lint yield, boll number and boll weight in all varieties suggested there was scope for improvement by selection. Negative skewness for lint percentage was found in three varieties, suggesting previous intense selection for this trait. The coefficient of variation of lint percentage with one variety (Deltapine Smooth Leaf) was considerably less than that recorded 30 years earlier for its predecessor D x PL 11 A.Covariance adjustments to seed cotton yield of individual plants, based on various hypotheses of the relationship between a plant's yield and that of its neighbours failed to give reductions of consequence in the variability of yield. It was concluded that inter-plant influences were far more complex than the models assumed.

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