Agricultural risk management in small farms via innovations

Implementations of innovations in the agrarian sector would contribute to better risk management in the sector. Through the new achievements of science and the use of innovative methods and technologies, the stability of the sector can be increased as the farmer will be able to control the crisis processes and minimize unforeseen circumstances that can cause damage to the production in the farm. The purpose of the report is to identify and classify innovative practices and models to minimize the risk in the agrarian sector, particularly those suitable for small farms, and to summarize with the help of a survey of farmers' attitudes towards introducing innovations in their farms through which to limit the risk. The publication is based on the results of Project NI-16/2018 "Integrated approach to risk management in the agrarian sector" and is part of the dissemination of dissertation results in the field of innovation.

Development of mechanized and automated admission of local taxes and fees in Bulgaria

The article presents in a historical plan the results from an investigation of the Informational systems for mechanized and automated admission of local taxes and fees in Bulgaria. Presented is the change of the technical, software and communicational means used in the different stages of development and refinement of the Informational systems for local taxes and fees. A period of 50 years is reviewed starting from 1970 until today. The historical development is bound with the development of regulatory base and information technology.

Sustainable development and the role of business

Sustainable development has various aspects - managerial, economic, environmental, social. It is an aspiration for politics and way of life of the population and above all - the state of the economy. The concept of sustainable development envisages economic growth that is able to meet the needs of modern society in the long run. The wheel of progress revolves only in conditions of economic freedom, respect for private property and equality before the law, which are provided by the institutional framework. People with hearts and minds - the combination of human imagination and the will to succeed - is the critical resource that provides sustainability. It works most effectively in the face of unlimited exchange of goods and services, access to knowledge and sharing of ideas, and the Internet already removes all the physical barriers to its power. All this happens not despite, but thanks to population growth, consumption of resources and wealth that maintain a closed cycle of pressure and response. Future generations will also need to keep the wheel of progress moving, so the best we can do is to preserve the framework conditions and give them the knowledge and the will.

Family farm and income support policies

Family farms are the main form of organization in agriculture and play an essential role in the development of rural areas. One of the main characteristics of the family farms is that the members of the households work in them. The purpose of the study is, based on an analysis of a real farm and the impact of direct support on family income, to draw recommendations for policy development in this direction. In order to achieve this goal, an economic-mathematical model was developed, and eight scenarios with different levels of support were examined. The main conclusion is that the farm could operate without receiving support because the income generated by this scenario is sufficient to provide an average standard of living for the family. However, CAP support helps its faster development.

Dynamic of the processing and trade with Bulgarian apiculture products

The production potential of Bulgarian beekeeping has changed dynamically over the last ten years. The transformation of the sector leads to its sustainable development but at the same time creates several problems for the realization of Bulgarian bee products at an adequate market price. The aim of the present study is to investigate the dynamics of the processing and marketing of Bulgarian apiculture products. In order to achieve this goal the following tasks need to be solved: to analyze the possibilities for realization of the Bulgarian bee products, and the analysis also focuses on the sustainability of the processing and distribution chain of these products. Methods used are analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical processing of information, etc..

The new risks of the agricultural treadmill and the inequality in the farmland size distribution in Bulgaria

The purpose of this article is to examine the degree of realization of risk related to inequality in the distribution of the farmland size in Bulgaria. The study is based on Eurostat data for Bulgaria and other EU countries. The results show that specific indicators provide somewhat specific country characterizations.

Localization index of farms in the period 2008-2016 in the rural areas of the South Central Region

The rural development policy in Bulgaria is dictated by the accompanying facts, with approximately 45% of the population living in them, covering 85% of the territory. The study and analysis of the socio-economic processes in agriculture of smaller administrative units of the NUTS classification gives an accurate picture of the real situation. The operation of farms ensures the production of different types of agricultural production. Contributing to the formation of Gross Domestic Product and the fulfillment of commitments in relation to the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The application of the localization index for agricultural holdings in the rural areas of the South-Central Region in Bulgaria reveals their real economic status. The study of the specialization factor for agricultural holdings covers an eight-year period 2008-2016. The localization index is the basis for an analysis of the different types of economic processes and phenomena. It is also applicable in smaller administrative areas, namely in the rural municipalities of the South-Central Region.

Establishment of rights on agricultural lands

According to the provisions of Article 56 (1) of the Regulation on the Application of the Law on the Conservation of Agricultural Land /www.lex.bg/, the construction of sites - public property of the state or municipalities - is possible to use agricultural land. This use extends within a certain period of time and takes place outside the site (track) of the site. Temporary use of agricultural land is related to the need for similar land plots in the construction of mostly underground and aerial linear objects and, if necessary, by conducting geological and other surveys. According to the text of Article 64, paragraph 1 of the Law on Energy /www.lex.bg/, the servitudes arise in the extension of existing and under construction of new air and underground power lines, over ground and underground hydrotechnical facilities for the production of electricity, heat transmission lines, gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil pipelines in favor of the persons who will build and operate the energy site. The emergence of servitudes is closely related to spatial planning as they are an element of the spatial structure. According to the text of Article 64 (4) (1) of the Law on Energy, servitudes arise when there is a detailed development plan which determines the location of the respective properties. As stated in Article 66 of the Energy Act, the type and location of the energy sites and of the areas of service land included within the limits of the servitudes under this Act shall be determined in general and detailed development plans.

The development policy in the agricultural sector

The structural policy is enshrined in the modern legislation, including the legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria, as an essential element of the state policy in terms of its safeguarding functions. Being an internal structural element of state policy, in the quality of a larger-scale system, structural policy enters into relationships and interactions with a number of other systems functioning in economic and social life, tolerates their influence and reacts to this influence in different ways. The variation of the structural policy in the agrarian sector, as well as subsystems, reflects in their diversity the needs of the sector by conditions, including structural ones, in view of its sustainable development. Structural policies, transformed into spatial events and activities, in turn, can also qualify as a variety of agrarian policy or strands in agrarian policy, all the more so that the conduct of spatial planning activities on agricultural land has an important and essential place in the general and specialized structural legislation, including the agrarian legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria.

Opportunities for the development of small farms in Bulgaria

Small farms have an important place in the agricultural sector in Bulgaria. Their existence is essential for the development of agriculture in the country. The factors that have an impact on small farms can be derived as macroeconomic factors, demographic factors, agricultural policy, market factors and others. The influence of these factors also reveals a variety of opportunities for development, assuming that some farms will make efforts to increase their economic viability. The aim of the study is to analyze the opportunities for development of small farms in Bulgaria. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: 1) Review of theories on the prerequisites for the existence and development of small farms; 2) The role of small farms in Bulgarian agriculture; 3) Opportunities for development of small farms; 4) Main conclusions. The results presented in the publication are part of the project №15 / 8 of 2017. "Sustainable multifunctional rural areas: rethinking agricultural models and systems with increased requirements and limited resources", funded by the Scientific Research Fund.